Romanticism developed in the early 19th century as a reaction against rationalism and classicism, valuing individualism, feelings, and nationalism. In sculpture, artists expressed movement and patriotism, while paintings featured dramatic landscapes, movement, bright colors, and light. Realism emerged later in the century as artists sought to depict ordinary life and social problems realistically. Key romantic painters included Géricault, Delacroix, and Turner, while Courbet and Millet led the realist movement with scenes of peasant life. Sculptors like Meunier captured working classes, and printmakers like Daumier offered social commentary.

1. SCULPTURE AND PAINTING
IN THE 19TH CENTURY:
ROMANTICISM AND REALISM

2. ROMANTICISM
-It developed in the first decades of
the 19th century, not only in art, but
also in literature and music.
-New aesthetics, whose main values
were freedom, individualism,
feelings and nationalism
- Opposed to rationalism,
proportions and universalism of
Antiquity and New Classicism.
- Admiration for the Middle Ages.
-
- Favorite themes: wild nature,
exotic places, the unknown, folklore
and traditions.
The Charging Chasseur,
Théodore Géricault

3. SCULPTURE
Romantic sculptors focused on expressing feelings and movement and there was a
preference for patriotic themes.
THE MARSEILLAISE, PARIS TRIUMPHAL ARCH, NAPOLEON AWAKENING IMMORTALITY
FRANÇOIS RUDE FRANÇOIS RUDE

4. PAINTING
Main features: movement, colour and light (bright colours with loose brush-strokes and
full of light paintings) and wild natural landscapes.
-FRANCE: THÉDORORE GÉRICAULT AND EUGÈNE
DELACROIX
-GERMANY: CASPAR DAVID FRIEDRICH
MAIN PAINTERS
- UNITED KINGDOM: JOSEPH WILLIAM TURNER
-SPAIN: VALERIANO BÉCQUER, PÉREZ VILLAAMIL
AND MARIANO FORTUNY

5. EUGÈNE DELACROIX
Strongly influenced by Rubens, especially on
his compositions and the use of colours
The women of Algiers Massacre at Chios

6. Death of Sardanapalus

7. Liberty Leading the People

8. THÉODORE GÉRICAULT
The raft of the Medusa

9. The Derby of Epsom

10. CASPAR DAVID FRIEDRICH
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog Chalk Cliffs on Rügen

11. Monk on the seashore

12. The Abbey in the Oakwood

13. The Sea of Ice

14. JOSEPH WILLIAM TURNER
Rain, Steam and Speed

15. The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up

16. The shipwreck of the Minotaur

17. The Burning of the Houses of the Lords and Commons

18. PÉREZ VILLAAMIL
VALERIANO BÉCQUER
Dance
Cathedral

19. MARIANO FORTUNY
The Odalisque
Askari

20. REALISM
-2nd half of the 19th century: reaction against Romanticism
- Artists wanted to reflect and describe reality: ordinary life, problems derived from industrialization,
portraits, landscapes…
SCULPTURE
CONSTANTINE MEUNIER
THE SOWER THE DOCK WORKER THE MOWER

21. MONUMENT TO LABOUR, BRUSSELS

22. PAINTING
JEAN FRANÇOIS MILLET
He painted peasants´ life
The gleaners
The sower The Angelus

23. GUSTAVE COURBET
His paintings were polemic and
scandalous sometimes, due to his crude
realism.
Self-portrait
The fox in the snow

24. A burial at Ornans

25. The artist´s studio

26. The origin of the world
The sleepers

27. HONORÉ DAUMIER
His paintings had an important social
content and his prints were very
critical
The washerwoman
The third-wagon class

28. The lawyers
The lawyer

29. Caricatures

30. Drawings of the life of Don Quixote

31. BARBIZON SCHOOL
Group of painters who showed great interest on landscapes
CAMILLE COROT
The bridge at Mantes
The bridge at Narni

32. THÉODORE ROUSSEAU
Barbizon landscape
Hoarfrost