Neoclassicism, romanticism and realism

1. ART MOVEMENT- NEO
CLASSICISM, ROMANTICISM
AND REALISM

2. NEO-CLASSICISM
1. Neoclassical movement as its origin in mid
eighteenth century in Rome.
2. Neoclassical artists wanted to replace Rococo
style.
3. Johann Joachim Winckelmann and Jacques
Louis David were influenced by the former
grandeur of Rome.

4. NEO-CLASSICISM
4. Mythology, revolutionary themes, folklore were
among the themes for Neoclassical painters.
Incident gave rise to Neo classical art movement
1.Age of Enlightenment and the Grand Tour
● Europeans especially in the intellectual background who were
fascinated by the glory of ancient Rome were able to bring about
a revival in the classical art.

5. NEO-CLASSICISM
● Johann Joachim Winckelmann gave credit to new generation artist behind
the popularity of classical tradition. In his book ‘History of Ancient Art’ he
says ‘the only way for modern artists to achieve greatness was to imitate
the Greeks’.
2.The Ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeii
● The excavation of the ruins of Herculaneum and pompeii led to classical
revival.
● Such discoveries gives an accurate picture of life in antiquity.
● Europeans fascination with classical antiquity were reflected in their
painting, fashion, furniture etc.,
● America also influenced by Neo-classical style. Many government
buildings and museums were built to look like Greek

6. NEO-CLASSICISM
Characteristics
● Neoclassical works are serious, unemotional and heroic.
● Inspired from classical literature and history as used in Greek and
Roman art.
● Sculptures and Architecture were more ordered and stable as
compared to Rococo style.
● It bore a close resemblance to the Greek order of architecture.

7. NEO-CLASSICISM
Some of the famous Neoclassical painters
1. Anton Raphael Mengs 2. Sir Joshua Reynolds

8. NEO- CLASSICISM
Some of the famous Neoclassical sculptures
1.Joseph Nollekens-Minerva 2.John Flaxman- The Fury of
Athamas

9. Goal - Morality in the Arts
Going back the end of the Baroque era, we see the Rococo style. This style
emphasized pleasure and the tastes of the aristocrats. Most of the time you
could find the subject matter to involve Roman or Greek mythology being
portrayed in the most pleasing manner.
Fragonard, a French painter, is a perfect example of a Rococo painter.In his
The Musical Contest, France 1754, you can easily point out every feature to be
Rococo.

10. Goal - Morality in the Arts
With the Age of Enlightenment came a need for more moral focus points. The
Enlightenment was a movement to reform society through pure human
intellect instead of relying on religious or faith to makes things better. This led
to the creation of Neo classicism, a style within the arts to promote virtue,
heroism, and self sacrifice. These paintings were more somber in mood, but I
believe they did so because they were trying to encourage a moral life lesson.
Be patriotic, be self-sacrificing, be virtuous, and overall just do good deeds.
This style did not only manifest through paintings, but also other forms of art,
like theater.

11. Goal - Morality in the Arts
Pierre Corneille’s play Horace, France 1640, proves to be a tried and true
Neoclassical work. It contains elements of heroism,patriotism, and self
sacrifice . The plot pits Horace and his almost brother in law against each other
in a nations battle. The two forces must go against one another to defend their
lineages, both sides demonstrating real courage and nobility. This play really
encompassed what it meant to be moral in the Classical era. Below is Jaques
Louis David’s The Oath of the Horatti , which is like the painting of a moment
taken out of Horace.

12. NeoClassicism - Architecture
The Bourse
The edifice was erected in 1805-10 to house a stock exchange. Since 1939 it has been a
home to the Central Naval Museum.
Architect: Thomas de Thomon
Style: Neo-Classicism

13. Architecture continued
General Staff Building
Apart from the General Staff, the building used to house the Foreign Office and the
Ministry of Finance. After the revolution the right half of the building was assigned to
the General Staff Academy, the left half - to the Hermitage museum. The whole
complex was constructed in 1820-27 to a design by Carlo Rossi.
Style: Neo-Classicism

14. NeoClassicism - Movies
Days of Heaven (1978)

15. Movies continued
Apocalypse Now (1979)

16. NeoClassicism - Music
One of the first works that can be referred to as neoclassical music was
Symphony No. 1 in D major, by Sergei Prokofiev, which the composer called
The Classical Symphony.
In the 1920s, Igor Stravinsky composed some works that generally looked
back on the style of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart or Johann Sebastian Bach.
These works used much smaller musical ensembles than the large-scale
orchestras he had previously used and incorporated wind instruments, the
piano and chamber orchestras. Notable works from his Neoclassical Period
include the Dumbarton Oaks Concerto and the Symphony of Psalms.

17. Romanticism
● An art movement which originated in the 18th
and 19th centuries.
● Revolt against neo-classic movement.
● “Literature depicting emotional matter in an
imaginative form”- Romance.
● imagination, emotion and freedom are focal
points.

18. ● Subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism;
spontaneity; freedom from rules; solitary life
rather than life in society.
● The beliefs that imagination is superior to
reason and devotion to beauty; love of and
worship of nature; and fascination with the past,
especially the myths and mysticism of the
middle ages.

19. ● English poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel
Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe
Shelley, and John Keats
● American poets: Ralph Waldo Emerson,
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allen Poe, Henry
David Thoreau, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman

20. ● The Romantic writers wrote to or behalf of
common man, in Wordsworth’s phrase as ‘a
man speaking to men’.
● Romantics believed that opposite of poetry
was not prose but science.

21. Characteristics of Romanticism
Romanticism an 18th century innovation affected
areas of :
*Writing
*Painting
*Printing
*Music
*Philosophy & Science
*Politics

22. Characteristics of Romanticism
*The key Romantic preoccupations are such as
Genius,Imagination,Sublime and Primitive.
*It influenced also 19th and 20th centuries.
*It was a European phenomenon began in Germany,then France and
England.
● Romantic Music,theatre,painting and sculpture
were comparably energetic,noisy and colourful
arenas.

23. Romanticism in literature
*Sensibility was the main characteristics of romantic
literature,sculpture,fine arts,politics,science,and music.
*A new style of writing ,focusing on human emotions and subjectivity.
*It came to be known as the literature of SENSIBILITY.
*The writings of romantic period also spoke about social relationships.
*Shaftesbury,Hume,and Hutchinson speak about social relationship.

24. Characteristics of Romanticism
Romanticism in science and philosophy.
*New understanding of human mind and body.
Locke in his essay (1689) “Human Understanding” says:”All our ideas
originates in the impression of external sensations upon the mind”.
Romanticism in politics
*Sensibility of Romanticism stressed humanitarian feelings for others
in politics.
*It also developed the liberal and republican politics throughout
Europe and America.

25. Characteristics of Romanticism
Romanticism in Visual Arts
● It rejected the neoclassical preference for generalisation .
● artist’s desire to express the ideal in terms of real.
● it also concerned the Heroism
● It emphasised the individuality
● stressed on emotions and subjectivity.
Romanticism in sculpture
● 1802,1812 in Britain voted for preservation of national monuments.
● this explosion affected the everyday life of the english consciousness.
● Sir Francis Chantrey and John Flaxman were two prominent english
sculptors.

26. Characteristics of Romanticism
Romanticism in Music
● Music came to be considered less an “art” than an accomplishment.
● This was the age of Mozart,Beethoven Mendelssohn, Paganini,and Berlioz.
● music in england became so productive.
● popularity of theatre music also increased.
Romanticism in printing
● The increasing availability of printed texts of all kinds between 1770 and
1830 at once reflected ,and instrumental in,creating new readership of
imaginative literature.

27. REALISM
1. Reaction to 19th century Romanticism
2. Seen in realistic detail, no interpretations
3. Subjects now everyday life and people
REALISTIC FACTS :
1. Approximately 1840’s - end of the century
2. seen in painting, architecture, music, literature,
philosophy

28. 3. Also seen in new medium of photography
4. Spawns Naturalism and all anti-realist movements
REALISM ELEMENTS:
1. positivism: faith in and consequences of close observation
of humans and nature
2. accuracy and objectivity when portraying ordinary world
REALISM PAINTINGS
1. The gleaners: Jean Francois Millet-1857

30. 2. The Stone Breakers : Gustave Courbet- 1850

31. PICTORIAL REALISM
1. Pictorial realism takes many forms mostly
blurring one into another
2. According to Courbet, pictures should portray
commonplace rather than the lofty or idealized
3. It is sometimes ambiguous what comments a
picture makes and refrains from making

32. 4. Pictorial systems differ from each other as they
are informative in different ways and a picture’s
realism is a function of its system’s
informativeness in a given context
5. The commitments pictures are supposed to
make vary with cultural, historical and functional
context

34. ● Realism as an art movement was basically to
revolt against the Academy, to project humble
subjects over fantastical narratives.
● The Realist artist resisted academic
conventions and rejected influence of the
trained artistic eye that came between an
honest depiction of reality and artist’s hand.
● Color became local rather than
emotional/formal.
EFFECTS OF REALISM

35. Like philosophy,
art was widely
interpreted
and came to be
based on
experience, and
close observation.
Role-To tell the truth.
An artwork by Ernest
Meissoneir

36. THANK YOU