The document explains the basics of Roman numerals, detailing how seven symbols represent different values and the rules for their combinations. It explains addition through right-side placement and subtraction through left-side placement of lower value digits. It provides examples of various numbers and how they are written in Roman numeral format.

1. Roman Numerals
Rajashri Bhairamadgi

2. In India people speak different languages and so use
different regional numerals for writing numbers.
But Roman used other symbols for writing numbers.
They used only seven basic symbols of English
alphabets
I V X L C D M
1 5 10 50 100 500 1000

3. } The Roman digits I, X and C are repeated upto
three times in succession to for the numbers
Example- I= 1 X=10
II=2 XX=20
III=3 XXX=30
The value is added as we repeat
} Note- No repetition more than 3 times
} The digits V, L, D are invalid for this formation

4. } When a digit of lower value is written to the
right or after a digit of higher value, the
values of all the digits are added.
Example- VI= 5+1= 6
VIII=5+3=8
XII=10+2=12
XV=10+5=15

5. } When a digit of lower value is written to the
left or before a digit of higher value, then the
value of the lower digit is subtracted from the
value of the digit of higher value.
Example- IV=5-1=4
IX=10-1=9
XL=50-10=40
} Note- V is never written to the left of the X

6. } If we have to write the numbers beyond 10
we should write the number 10 or group of
number 10 and then number 1 or 5 as the
case may be.
Example- 12= 10+2=10+1+1=XII
20= 10+10= XX
26= 10+10+5+1=XXVI

7. 1. 13=XIII
2. 14=XIV
3. 18=XVIII
4. 26=XXVI
5. 61=LXI

8. 1. 39=XXXIX
2. 42=XLII
3. 6=VI
4. 9=IX
5. 22=XXII

9. 1. XXV=10+10+5=25
2. XXXI=10+10+10+1=31
3. XL=50-10=40
4. XII=10+1+1=12
5. LI=50+1=51

10. Thank you