Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and are formed using symbols i, v, x, l, c, d, and m, with specific values assigned to each. The document outlines rules for writing Roman numerals, including rules for repetition, addition, and subtraction of values based on their arrangement. It also provides a conversion table for Hindu-Arabic numerals from 1 to 20 into Roman numerals.

2. Roman Numerals
Roman numbers were originated in ancient
Rome to calculate the numbers and values.
Roman Numerals are formed by using the following symbols:
I,V,X,L,C,D and M.

3. Roman Numerals Value in Hindu Arbaic Numerals
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000

4. Rules for writing Roman Numerals
Rule 1 : The roman digits I, X and C are repeated up to three times together to form
the numbers.
(a) We know the value of I = 1, value of X is 10 and value of C is 100.
(b) The value of I, X and C are added as:
I = 1
II = 1 + 1 = 2
III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
X= 10
XX = 10 + 10 = 20
XXX = 10 + 10 +10 = 30

5. (C) No roman numeral can come together more than 3 times.
For example 40 can not be written as XXXX.
( d) The digits V, L and D are not repeated. The repetition of V, L and D is
invalid in the formation of numbers.
Rule 2: (a) When a digit of lower value is written to the right or after a
digit of higher value, the values of all the digits are added.
Example 1: VI = 5 + 1 = 6
Example 2: VII = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7
Example 3: VIII = 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8
Example 4: XI = 10 + 1 = 11

6. Rule 3: When a digit of lower value is written to the left or before a digit of higher value,
then the value of the lower digit is subtracted from the value of the digit of higher
value.
Example1: IX = 10 - 1 = 9
Example2: XL = 50-10=40

7. Roman Numerals 1 to 20
Hindu Arabic Roman Numerals
1 I I
2 I+I II
3 I+I+I III
4 V-I IV
5 V V
6 V+I VI
7 V+I+I VII
8 V+I+I+I VIII
9 X-I IX
10 X X

8. Hindu Arabic Roman Numerals
11 X+I XI
12 X+I+I XII
13 X+I+I+I XIII
14 X+IV XIV
15 X+V XV
16 X+VI XVI
17 X+VII XVII
18 X+VIII XVIII
19 X+IX XIX
20 X+X XX

9. Thank you