Role of world bank in pakistan

GROUP MEMBERS
SRIAL NUMBER NAME ROLL NUMBER
1 AAKASH HASSAN R1F15Mcom0022
2 MUHAMMAD ADNAN R1F15Mcom0108
3 SYED FURQAN ALI R1F15Mcom0052
4 SHERAZ KHAN
AFRDI
RIF15MCOM96

The World Bank (WB) is an international
financial institution that provides loans to
developing countries for capital programs.
It comprises two institutions: the
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD), and the International
Development Association (IDA).

COUNTRY BRIEF
Pakistan has made significant development progress since its independence 58
years ago, as measured by some key social indicators. Health and education
services have expanded and improved, and life expectancy has increased from 59
years in 1990 to 64 for males and 66 for females in 2003. Infant and maternal
mortality rates have dropped, as have illiteracy rates.
During the 1990’s Pakistan made only modest progress in reducing poverty and
improving the welfare of its people. Growth of real gross domestic product (GDP)
slowed to less than four percent and per capita real income grew by only slightly
more than one percent per year, leading to an increase in poverty to 32 percent.
Social indicators stagnated. For example, the net primary enrollment rate declined
from 46 percent in 1991/92 to 42 percent in 2001/02, with male enrollments
declining from 53 percent to 46 percent, and female from 39 percent to 38 percent.
By the late-1990s, Pakistan was in a position of extreme vulnerability with high and
unsustainable fiscal deficits and a heavy debt burden, which squeezed public
investment and social spending.

 Beginning in 2000, the government initiated a wide-ranging and ambitious
reform program, which has resulted in a dramatic turnaround. Pakistan has
turned around a deteriorating macroeconomic situation to a rapidly
improving one. In 2004/05, GDP grew by over eight percent. These
macroeconomic achievements have allowed the country to achieve fiscal
consolidation. Both external and internal balances have strengthened and
reserves now cover five months of imports. Public debt has fallen to 60
percent of GDP from almost 90 percent in 2000/01. Social and poverty-
related expenditures have been raised from 3.8 percent of GDP in 2001/02
to 4.7 percent of GDP in 2003/04. The government has also launched far-
reaching structural reforms to privatize public sector enterprises, strengthen
public and corporate governance, liberalize external trade, and reform the
banking sector.
 There are now indications that these reforms have begun to pay off in the
form of improved development outcomes. Based on the recently released
Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLSMS),
literacy rates of population 10 years and older have in Increasing girls’
access to education in Northwest Frontier Province. creased to 53 percent
as compared to 45 percent in 2001/02. While both female and male literacy,
at 40 percent and 65 percent respectively have increased, the gender gap
has not shown any significant reduction. However, despite these favorable
developments, formidable challenges remain. Pakistan’s social indicators
still lag behind countries with comparable per capita incomes.

 Poverty remains a serious concern in Pakistan. According to the
rebased GDP numbers, the per capita income comes to US$720;
poverty rates, which had fallen substantially in the 1980s and early
1990s, started to rise again towards the end of the decade. Though
complete data from the recent Integrated Household Survey is not
yet available, it is evident that a large segment of the population lives
in poverty. More importantly, differences in income per capita across
regions have persisted or widened. Poverty varies significantly
among rural and urban areas and from province to province, from a
low of 24 percent in urban Sindh to 51 percent in rural Sindh.
 Pakistan has grown much more than other low-income countries, but
has failed to achieve social progress commensurate with its
economic growth. The educated and well-off urban population lives
not so differently from their counterparts in other countries of similar
income range. However, the poor and rural inhabitants of Pakistan
are being left behind. For example, access to sanitation in Pakistan
is 23 percent lower than in other countries with similar income.

Maternal mortality remains high at 450 per 100,000 live births. Gender
gaps remain in schooling, largely due to the rural areas where only 22
percent of girls above age 10 have completed
primary level or higher schooling as compared to 47 percent boys.
While the PSLSMS indicates an improvement in Net Enrolment Rate
(NER), from 42% in 2001/02 to 52 per cent, it still indicates that almost
half of the primary school age cohort is currently out of school. While
the NER shows an insignificant gender gap in urban areas, NER for
rural girls at 42 percent trails behind rural boys’ NER of 53 percent.
Meeting the vision embraced in the Millennium Development Goals by
2015 (including the reduction of infant and child mortality by two thirds
and maternal mortality by three quarters and halving the percentage of
the population living in poverty) will require renewed efforts in Pakistan.
The World Bank’s assistance strategy is based on measurable
outcomes using the MDGs as the background for its engagement in
Pakistan

The World Bank's strategy is to support
implementation of the Government of
Pakistan’s own Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper (PRSP) and to provide
financing and technical assistance for both
economic and human development. The
strategy is built around three main themes
which correspond to the pillars of the
PRSP..

 Improving government performance is a
central element of Pakistan’s poverty
reduction strategy. The Bank is assisting the
government’s efforts in this area by
supporting reforms in public financial
management and procurement; restructuring
of the tax administration bureaucracy; support
for civil service reforms; and assistance to
local and municipal governments to improve
their capacity for delivering public services.

 The World Bank also supports Pakistan’s
efforts to improve the lives of its citizens
through efforts to improve access to, and
quality of, public services in education, health,
electricity, water supply, and sanitation, with
an emphasis on addressing gender
disparities. At the same time the Bank is
assisting in efforts to reduce vulnerability and
poverty through effective safety nets and
targeted programs to reach the poor.

Additional Financing to PK: Tarbela 4th
Extension Hydropower Project
The objective of the Additional Financing for the Tarbela Fourth Extension
Hydropower Project is to facilitate a sustainable expansion of Pakistan’s
electricity generation capacity.’ The primary reason for AF of US$390 million for
these scale-up activities is to: (i) utilize the experience gained from
implementation of T4HP as the WAPDA team (PMU) is already functional and
most of the PMU staff in particular environmental and social unit and
procurement and financial management unit will be common for both the
projects, (ii) address the issues that are common to both T4HP and T5HP more
efficiently e.g. the transmission line proposed under AF is not only going to
serve T5 but will be providing required contingencies for T4, (iii) have better
coordination in dealing with technical and logistical constraints associated with
simultaneous implementation of T4HP and T5HP, (iv) provide flexibility in
allocating resources between T4HP and T5HP more efficiently e.g. through AF
financial and technical resources would be available to address any
unforeseen technical or aftercare issues that may emerge post commissioning
of T4HP. In summary, there are substantial efficiency and procedural gains in
doing T5HP through a proposed AF as opposed to a new operation.

 The development objective of the Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and
Development Project for Pakistan is to strengthen provincial government capacity for water resources
monitoring and management and to improve community-based water management for targeted irrigation
schemes in Balochistan. This project comprises three components. The first component, institutions,
capacity and information will support a gradual transition to IWRM approaches in Balochistan in line with
the existing IWRM policy. It will support institutional restructuring, professional development, installation and
operation of hydro-meteorological systems, and establishment of multi-agency river basin information
systems that provide public access to all available hydromet data for the two project basins. It has two sub-
components. i) It will support institutional strengthening and restructuring, and ii) It will support hydro-
meteorological data collection and management to provide the required information platform for improved
water resources planning. The second component, water infrastructure and management investments will
support implementation of IWRM sectoral investments in the Nari and Porali basins within a framework of
community mobilization and participation. This components has three sub-components includes i)
Construction and/or rehabilitation of irrigation and potable water supply facilities; flood protection
infrastructure; ii) Related watershed and rangeland management; and iii) On-farm water management and
agricultural productivity activities. The third component, project management and technical assistance will
finance expenditures associated with overall project implementation costs, including incremental costs
associated with the Project Management Unit (PMU) and the Project Implementation Units (PIUs), Project
Supervision and Implementation Assistance

 The objectives of the Sindh Barrages Improvement Project for Pakistan are to improve
the reliability and safety of the Guddu barrage and strengthen the Sindh Irrigation
Department’s capacity to operate and manage the barrage. There are three components
to the project, the first component being rehabilitation of the Guddu barrage. This
component will support rehabilitation of the barrage and its associated structures. The
component will finance: concrete repairs along the upstream gate grooves and
rehabilitation of both fish ladders; removal of the left pocket dividing wall and
construction of a new left pocket dividing wall to widen the left pocket and improve its
ability to reduce the quantities of sediment entering the Ghotki feeder canal; and river
training works through construction of a left-bank spur to promote favorable river
approach conditions to the barrage and strengthen the upstream existing river training
works. The second component is the improved barrage operation. This component will
support the establishment of the BMO and modernization and improvements to the
barrage O&M.

 The objective of the Punjab Skills Development Project for Pakistan
is to improve the quality, labor market relevance of, and access to
skills training programs in priority sectors in the Punjab. There are
two components to the project, the first component being improving
and expanding market-relevant skills training. The objectives of this
component are to: (i) strengthen the skills training system; (ii)
improve the quality and relevance of skills training; and (iii) increase
access to market-relevant trades. The second component is the
project management, monitoring and evaluation, and technical
assistance. The objective of this component is to support project
management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and technical
assistance (TA) to enable the achievement of the DLIs and ensure
efficient and effective management of project implementation. M&E
strengthening of the skills development system is embedded within
project design and financing for M&E activities will be funded by this
component. It would also finance surveys and studies to support the
development of policy actions and strategies in areas where
technical support could better inform policy makers and
development partners, specifically, in the areas of increasing
women’s participation and private sector provision of skills training
programs.

 The development objective of the Third Punjab Education Sector Project for Pakistan
is to support Punjab province to improve school participation, completion, and
teaching-learning practices with a particular focus on low-performing districts (LPD).
LPDs are ten districts that have among the lowest participation rates for children of
age 6 to 15 years. The proposed project supports the implementation of the
Government of Punjab’s larger education program supporting the 2018 Education
Goals. The project comprises the following two components. The first will use results-
based financing to support the achievement of the GoPunjab’s 2018 education goals
and growth strategy through nine subcomponents along three strategic areas: (a)
improving access to schooling for the poorest; (b) ensuring quality teaching and
learning for all; and (c) improving leadership, management, and accountability. For
each subcomponent, there will be a disbursement-linked indicator (DLI) with time-
bound targets. Funds will be disbursed against agreed eligible expenditures upon the
achievement of DLI targets. The project supports the first three 2018 Education
Goals, that is, (a) to ensure high quality teaching and learning in the classroom; (b) to
improve leadership and accountability at all levels; and (c) to enable a conducive
learning environment for students. The first strategic area, improving access to
schooling for the poorest will support interventions to provide students from the
poorest households with financial resources and opportunities enabling them to
attend school at the primary and secondary levels. It has three sub components. a)
Education Voucher Scheme (EVS), b) Public-Private Partnerships in Education, and
c) Stipends for Secondary School Girls. The second strategic area, Ensuring quality
teaching and learning for all will support interventions to raise the quality of teachi

 The development objective of the National Immunization Support Project for
Pakistan is to increase equitable coverage of services for immunization
against vaccine preventable diseases (VPD), including poliomyelitis, for
children between 0 and 23 months in Pakistan. The project comprises of five
components. The first component, strengthening provincial management,
governance and stewardship functions supports: robust monitoring and
evaluation mechanisms; surveillance systems; the provincial expansion and
maintenance of the vaccine logistics management information system
(vLMIS); and oversight, coordination, and stewardship functions. The
second component, improving service delivery performance will support:
enhanced planning for performance; availability and management of skilled
human resources; effective supervisory systems for expanded program on
immunization (EPI); and enhanced linkage to communities. The third
component, demand generation will support: social mobilization and
community awareness; advocacy; and school curriculum. The fourth
component, vaccine supply chain will support the national procurement of
essential equipment to strengthen the capacity and performance of the
national and provincial vaccine supply chains. The fifth component,
improving capacity for increased immunization coverage will support:
capacity of federal and provincial EPI cells; research and evaluation;
disbursement-linked indicator (DLI) certification; and coordinating the
technical assistance.

 The development objectives of the Punjab Jobs and Competitiveness (J and C) for
Pakistan are to improve the investment climate and promote investments and jobs
in more inclusive and sustainable industrial estates in Punjab. The J and C
program for results (PforR) will support the implementation of key parts of the
industrial development plan of the Punjab growth strategy (PGS) aimed at re-
igniting manufacturing growth in the province. The J and C PforR focuses on
improvements to the business regulatory environment and capacity enhancement
of institutions relevant to private sector investment - particularly the Department of
Industry (DoI) and its agencies responsible for investment promotion, industrial
estates, and support to industrial clusters. It also includes the development of the
Punjab spatial strategy (PSS) to help prioritize and coordinate public investments
in infrastructure. The program will also improve public support to industrial
infrastructure by promoting public private partnerships (PPPs). The J and C PforR
consists of two results areas: (a) investment climate reforms, and (b) spatial
development. These two results areas are connected and together will help
remove the main constraints to Punjab’s industrial competitiveness.

 This project's main objective is to begin the work of building
the capacity of the Pakistan Bureau of
 Statistics on a range of dimensions. These include the re-
basing of the CPI; training PBS staff on
 sampling; improving the design and implementation of the
HIES/PSLM as well as the Population
 census, the Agricultural Censuses, and pilot CAPI for the
collection of price data for the CPI. This
 will entail developing custom software solutions, the
provision of tablets to support the training of
 interviewers for the shift to CAPI for price data collection,
and technical support with software and
 hardware issues that may arise. The PBS has ndicated that
they would like to pursue on open source
 solution based on Open Data Kit (ODK).

Investing in Education
 Punjab: in 2014-15, nearly 34,000 teachers in 36 districts were
hired through testing and nearly 100% of underperforming
primary schools received advisory support for teachers. Punjab
also relocated teachers across the province based on school
needs.
 The Punjab Education Foundation’s Education Voucher Scheme
has provided stipends to nearly 300,000 poor children. This, in
addition to other programs, helped enroll over 1.3 million children
in low-cost private schools.
 Sindh: the government is implementing a comprehensive
Education Reform Program to improve governance and
accountability in the education sector. Nearly 90% of all
employees (teaching and non-teaching) had their credentials
verified -- through biometric thumb impressions-- and compared
against the Accountant General payroll database. This is an
important step to correct the issue of ghost or fake employees.

 The government is also implementing a school
consolidation program to ensure school resources are
efficiently utilized. A recruitment process has been
completed to promote leadership in education and bring
onboard more than a 1,000 qualified head teachers and
principals. More than 16,000 teachers, recruited through a
test-based recruitment system, are working in schools.
 Balochistan: the government has built or rehabilitated
schools and, with community support, enrolled more than
38,000 boys and girls in school. 123 shelter-less primary
and middle schools have been upgraded to better
infrastructure while 225 schools were provided missing
facilities under the Promoting Girls’ Education in
Balochistan (PGEB) Project. Early Childhood Education
(ECE) learning kits were also provided to these schools
along with teacher training.
 The Government of Balochistan has received an
additional $34 million through the Global Partnership of
Education to further expand access to quality education

 The Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), Pakistan’s
flagship national safety net program, provides income support
in the form of predictable monthly cash transfers of $15 to
almost 5.2 million of the country's poorest families or nearly 20
million people. Over $3.5 billion has so far been disbursed to
beneficiaries.
 The program aims to reach 5.3 million families in the next
financial year.
 BISP has also rolled out the Co-responsibility Cash Transfer
(CCT) program, linking cash transfers to primary school
education, which is currently being implemented in 32 districts
in all provinces and regions. To date over 1.3 million children
have been enrolled in the program, of which over 1.15 million
children have taken admission in schools.

 Since its inception in April 2000 until December 2015,
the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) has
disbursed $236 million to 129 Partner Organizations in
130 districts across the country. 7.7 million individuals
received loans, 61% of them are women living in rural
villages and urban settlements.
 More than 35,000 water and infrastructure projects
have been initiated; 2,000 health and education
facilities supported; 284,000 individuals received
skills/entrepreneurial trainings; 26,279 individuals
including women and youth received business training
under Waseela-e-Haq National & Waseela-e-Haq
Sindh program of BISP; 29,500 persons with
disabilities rehabilitated.

 Since the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, which led to nearly 73,000 deaths and
caused damages to over 570,000 houses, the Bank has been supporting the
Government of Pakistan in shifting from a response-based to a more pro-
active risk management approach.
 The urgency and importance to address Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
holistically was further highlighted in the aftermath of the unprecedented
2010 floods, which affected over 20 million people and almost 20% of the
total landmass of the country.
 Initially, the Bank provided technical assistance to the government to
highlight physical and fiscal risks from hazards. This included undertaking
risk assessments for federal and provincial capitals, as well as a national-
level fiscal disaster risk assessment report.
 In parallel, the Bank also used grant resources to build the capacity of
Provincial Disaster Management Authority Balochistan.
 Following the floods of 2014 and at the request of Government of Pakistan,
the Bank prepared the $125 million IDA-funded Disaster and Climate
Resilience Improvement Project(DCRIP) to support restoration of flood
protection infrastructure and strengthen government capacity to manage
disasters and climate variability in Punjab and Northern Districts.
 The Bank is preparing a $100 million IDA-funded Sindh Resilience
Project (SRP) to mitigate flood and drought risks in selected areas, and
strengthen Government of Sindh's capacity to manage natural disasters.
The Bank also continues to provide technical assistance, particularly to
analyze gaps and prioritized needs to improve the overall hydro-
meteorological observation network in the country.

 The conflict in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and the
Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) led to one
of the worst security crises in Pakistan’s history,
displacing an estimated two million people and
severely disrupting lives, livelihoods, and the provision
of public services.
 A Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) supports the
implementation of a program for reconstruction and
development aimed at facilitating the recovery from the
impact of the crisis and reducing the potential for
escalation or resumption. Donors have contributed a
total of $183 million for the MTDF. An estimated 5.4
million people have benefitted so far. As Round I of the
MDTF comes to a close, it is expected that donors will
pledge $100 million for the first year of
implementation.

 *Amounts include IBRD and IDA commitments

 The World Bank Group’s past support to India’s
development agenda has contributed to improving
outcomes in a range of sectors. Some results are
highlighted below:
1. Rural livelihood programs
2. vocational training programs
3. Education
4. tuberculosis
5. health
6. Rural
7. Roads
8. Sodic Lands Reclamation Projects

1. Education:
2. Health:
3. Rural Development:
4. Horticulture and Livestock:
5. Irrigation:
6. Rural Enterprise:
7. Market Development:
8. Telecommunications:

1. Rural Infrastructure:
2. Agriculture:
3. Energy:
4. Education
5. Health:
6. Livelihoods:
7. Local governance
8. Water supply and sanitation

 Access to Finance for Micro and Small Enterprises
 Labor Intensive Public Works Program
 Strengthening Social Safety Net Project
 Energy projects:
 Water, Sanitation and Irrigation:
 Investment support:

Government of Iran’s Vision for the Future
and Its Reform Agenda
Recent Economic Developments
Poverty Conditions
Economic Outlook

 Investments in water resource management resulted in improved quality
of the drinking water to over 1 million people in Ghammas, Al-Nasr and
Wasit. Work is in progress to repair bridges, roads, electricity, water and
wastewater networks and deliver health services in the 7 municipal areas
that have been liberated from ISIS by the government forces. Already, 7
bridges and 65 kilometers of roads are currently being repaired; electrical
transformers, substation and cables are being procured; 60 municipal
waste compactors and 2,200 trash bins are being supplied; and several
water and wastewater subprojects are being prepared for procurement.
Furthermore, 280 kilometers of Expressway No. 1 in the Southern Iraq
are currently being maintained by qualified international contractors.
 The Bank has provided policy advice to the Iraqi government on fiscal
policy and management issues and has supported the newly established
state pension fund. The deployment of the Social Safety Net (SSN)
Information System in Baghdad and the rest of the governorates allowed
for the processing of beneficiary payments using a central data base
resulting in savings of over US$30 million to the SSN budget.

Growth Performance and Prospects
Poverty and Shared Prosperity
Fiscal Sector
Financial Sector
Education
Health
Rural-Urban Transition
Environment, Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Management

 China’s dramatic progress in reducing poverty over the past three decades is well
known. More than 500 million people were lifted out of poverty as China’s poverty
rate fell from 88 percent in 1981 to 6.5 percent in 2012, as measured by the
percentage of people living on the equivalent of US$1.90 or less per day in 2011
purchasing price parity terms. World Bank extrapolations suggest that the
percentage of the population living below the international poverty line continued
to fall to 4.1 percent in 2014.
 Substantial progress was made in human development indicators as well,
contributing to global efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
 China began its partnership with the Bank in 1980, just as it embarked on its
reforms. Starting as a recipient of support from the International Development
Association (IDA), the Bank’s fund for the poorest, China graduated from IDA in
1999 and became a contributor in 2007. It became the third largest shareholder in
the World Bank upon completion of the capital increase approved in 2010, the
30th anniversary year of its partnership.
 Throughout this time, the nature of the Bank’s activities in China changed to meet
the country’s rapidly evolving needs. Initially, the Bank provided technical
assistance to introduce basic economic reforms, modern project management
methodologies, and new technologies. Later, the focus shifted to institutional
strengthening and knowledge transfer. The Bank now encourages knowledge
sharing to enable the rest of the world to learn from China’s experience.

 Since the Yemen Health and Population Project (HPP) activities resumed in
January 2016, around 1.5 million Yemeni children under five years old were
reached by the national polio campaigns supported by the project, which
represents about 30 percent of the whole target population nationwide. The
project has a simple, evidence-based outreach delivery model for health
services in coordination with UNICEF and the World Health Organization
(WHO), in order to procure some of the essential medications and medical
supplies needed for the outreach campaigns. This has enabled the Bank to
continue its support to the project, when the war escalated and the Bank's
whole portfolio in Yemen was suspended, through channeling grants from
the International Development Association (IDA) directly to UNICEF and
WHO to deliver vaccinations and basic health services such as nutrition and
reproductive health to children and women, respectively.
Emergency Crisis Response Project
The operation will help provide short-term employment opportunities through
labor-intensive works and initiate restoration of livelihood and service
delivery in water, nutrition, schooling, small-scale roads, and small
infrastructure while preserving existing local service delivery capacity in the
SFD (Social Fund for Development) and PWP (Public Works Project)
entities.

Role of world bank in pakistan

Role of world bank in pakistan

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