Trace minerals play a significant role in improving reproductive health. A study was carried out to evaluate the role of trace minerals in alleviating reproductive health in heifers. A total of 20 heifers were allotted into three groups T0, T1 and T2. T0 (n=4) was kept as control. T1 (n=10) was supplemented with Uniselit (M/S Ayurvet) along with standard basal diet. T2 (n=6) was supplemented with CofeCu along with standard basal diet. Results revealed that there was significant improvement in the physical and chemical parameters of estrus exhibition in the Uniselit supplemented group T1 as compared to control. The conception rate was also higher in group T1 in comparison to control. Thus, it can be inferred that trace minerals have significant influence in improving reproductive health in heifers
Effect of In ovoInjection of Various Nutrients on the Hatchability, Mortality...iosrjce
The main goal of this paper is to study the effect of injectingthe eggs embryos with certain levels of
nutrient solutions (vitamin E 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid lysine 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid methionine 1.5 mg
egg and a mixture of vitamin E and lysine and methionine 1.5 mg / egg) in the proportion of mortality of
embryonic and hatchability and initial weight 1 g / day. Results wereindicated a significant decrease (P <0.05)><0.05)><0.05)
in case of vitamin E, lysine, and methionine mixture injection treatment. We conclude from this study, the in ovo
possibility of injecting eggs embryoswith 1.5 mg / egg of vitamin E solution to improve hatchability and initial
weight, methionine solution and lysine - methionine – vitamin E solution to reduce the proportion of embryonic mortality.
You can not change your genome but can influence how it is used by healthy food patterns and lifestyle. This talk focuses on the gut as a primary gatekeeper between foods, the microbiota and the immuno-metabolic system of the host. The underlying biology is complex but well regulated if the system is not chronically overloaded.
This presentation from the recent international nutrition conference in Bangkok presents a short overview about several aspects of state-of-the art nutrigenomics & molecular nutrition research.
Conclusion
Nutrigenomics enables us
-To understand how nutrition precisely works (evidence-based nutrition);
-To quantify the nutritional needs for optimized fitness at different life stages (“personalized” nutrition);
-To improve early diagnostics of nutrition related disorders (“challenge tests”);
-To support the development of “smart foods” for modern mankind (healthy and tasty, sustainable, affordable)
-To enable the transition of nutritional science to nutritional science 2.0
Recent lecture (june 2011)
Nutrigenomics of FAT: What is “good” or “bad” for human health?
Less healthy: Dietary fats rich in long chain saturated fatty acids that can be pro-inflammatory if chronically “overconsumed”
More favorable: Unsaturated fatty acids (in particular PUFAs from fish oil) have anti-inflammatory properties
A healthy adipose tissue is essential to efficiently store fat and prevent ectopic fat deposition
Healthy : Subcutanous fat > visceral fat > ectopic fat : Unhealthy
Future challenge: To prevent the unhealthy effects of a surplus of added sugars (sucrose, fructose) & high GI carbs
Will be converted into saturated fat
Linked to ectopic fat deposition e.g. NASH
Linked to obesity, diabetes, CVD….
Childhood obesity
Effect of In ovoInjection of Various Nutrients on the Hatchability, Mortality...iosrjce
The main goal of this paper is to study the effect of injectingthe eggs embryos with certain levels of
nutrient solutions (vitamin E 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid lysine 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid methionine 1.5 mg
egg and a mixture of vitamin E and lysine and methionine 1.5 mg / egg) in the proportion of mortality of
embryonic and hatchability and initial weight 1 g / day. Results wereindicated a significant decrease (P <0.05)><0.05)><0.05)
in case of vitamin E, lysine, and methionine mixture injection treatment. We conclude from this study, the in ovo
possibility of injecting eggs embryoswith 1.5 mg / egg of vitamin E solution to improve hatchability and initial
weight, methionine solution and lysine - methionine – vitamin E solution to reduce the proportion of embryonic mortality.
You can not change your genome but can influence how it is used by healthy food patterns and lifestyle. This talk focuses on the gut as a primary gatekeeper between foods, the microbiota and the immuno-metabolic system of the host. The underlying biology is complex but well regulated if the system is not chronically overloaded.
This presentation from the recent international nutrition conference in Bangkok presents a short overview about several aspects of state-of-the art nutrigenomics & molecular nutrition research.
Conclusion
Nutrigenomics enables us
-To understand how nutrition precisely works (evidence-based nutrition);
-To quantify the nutritional needs for optimized fitness at different life stages (“personalized” nutrition);
-To improve early diagnostics of nutrition related disorders (“challenge tests”);
-To support the development of “smart foods” for modern mankind (healthy and tasty, sustainable, affordable)
-To enable the transition of nutritional science to nutritional science 2.0
Recent lecture (june 2011)
Nutrigenomics of FAT: What is “good” or “bad” for human health?
Less healthy: Dietary fats rich in long chain saturated fatty acids that can be pro-inflammatory if chronically “overconsumed”
More favorable: Unsaturated fatty acids (in particular PUFAs from fish oil) have anti-inflammatory properties
A healthy adipose tissue is essential to efficiently store fat and prevent ectopic fat deposition
Healthy : Subcutanous fat > visceral fat > ectopic fat : Unhealthy
Future challenge: To prevent the unhealthy effects of a surplus of added sugars (sucrose, fructose) & high GI carbs
Will be converted into saturated fat
Linked to ectopic fat deposition e.g. NASH
Linked to obesity, diabetes, CVD….
Childhood obesity
We are what we eat - The role of diets in the gut-microbiota-health interactionNorwich Research Park
Lecture at Summer School Nutrigenomics in Camerino Italy Sept. 2016.
The (small) intestine has increasingly been recognized to play a key role in the early phase of pro-inflammatory disturbances e.g. by enhanced overflow of dietary components to the distal intestine (ileum, colon) and affecting the gut microbiota & their metabolites (e.g. bile acids, short chain fatty acids). Transcription factors e.g. PPARγ, FXR, AHR or NRF2 are involved in host sensing mechanisms of microbial metabolites. Strong impact of dietary composition on small and large intestinal microbiota and their metabolic functions.
Targeting the (small) intestine and its microbiota with (plant) foods, bioactives, probiotics and drugs will improve gut and liver functions with strong implications for human health during life.
Groundbreaking report on the connection between innate immunity, gut bacteria and metabolism. Responsible for initial observation and centrally involved in experimental design and execution. Drafted most sections and edited final copy. Collected the majority of data and created the majority of figures. This manuscript represents the culmination of over 3 years of planning, experimentation and strategic publication.
A Study on Effect of Anti Toxic Nutrient (ATN) in productive and reproductive...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
My recent introduction talk for the Nutrigenomics Masterclass 2011in Wageningen (The Netherlands):
How to use Nutrigenomics & molecular nutrition? From challenges to solutions
Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering is an international, open access, peer reviewed Journal publishing original research & insights in all the related fields of Biotechnology & Bioengineering. Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering covers major departments including but not limiting to biotechnology research and bioengineering in industrial sector such as agricultural biotechnology, molecular biology, food and beverages industry, textiles industry, biological products, medicines and pharmaceuticals while on the other hand this branch of science that caters to the requirements of agriculture, animal husbandry, nutrition and environmental conservation. Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering provides a new platform for all researchers, scientists, scholars, students to publish their research work & update the latest research information.
Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering is a broad Open Access peer reviewed scientific journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide unbounded access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, and Perspectives (Editorials).
Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Anatomy research community by amplifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
What is health? NUGO International nutrigenomics Conference Wageningen Sept 9...Norwich Research Park
What is health? Can Nutrigenomics allow to quantify metabolic health? (YES)
My very personal conclusions of a wonderful conference (NUGO Week 2011) in Wageningen (The Netherlands) that we organized.
Parte de la presentación de mi tesis doctoral (2010) con el titulo " Molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet and olive oil consumption in humans".
Effects of Supplementation of Mineral Nano Particles on Weaned Piglet GrowthAI Publications
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of mineral nano particles on piglet growth by assessing the live weight gain, the total feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio. A total of 240 Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire piglets weaned at 25 days were randomly assigned to 4 treated groups and 1 control group. Piglets of Group I was fed with basal diets supplemented with 1.6 mg/kg nMn, 20 mg/kg nFe, 2 mg/kg nCu, 0.1 mg/kg Co, 0.1 mg/kg nSe, and 20 mg/kg nZn. The nano mineral content of Group II, III, and IV were 2, 4, and 8-fold higher than Group I, respectively. The results showed that the higher concentration of mineral nano particles supplementation (group III and IV) associated with the higher live weight gain. The piglet from group IV showed a highest live weight gain (36.68 ± 0.34 kg) comparing to other groups (P < 0.01). All groups of treatment with mineral nano particles supplementation showed the lower feed conversion ratio comparing to control group. There was no significant difference in the feed conversion ratio of piglet from group I (2.85 ± 0.08), group II (2.69 ± 0.13), group III (2.73 ± 0.03), and group IV (2.69 ± 0.07).
We are what we eat - The role of diets in the gut-microbiota-health interactionNorwich Research Park
Lecture at Summer School Nutrigenomics in Camerino Italy Sept. 2016.
The (small) intestine has increasingly been recognized to play a key role in the early phase of pro-inflammatory disturbances e.g. by enhanced overflow of dietary components to the distal intestine (ileum, colon) and affecting the gut microbiota & their metabolites (e.g. bile acids, short chain fatty acids). Transcription factors e.g. PPARγ, FXR, AHR or NRF2 are involved in host sensing mechanisms of microbial metabolites. Strong impact of dietary composition on small and large intestinal microbiota and their metabolic functions.
Targeting the (small) intestine and its microbiota with (plant) foods, bioactives, probiotics and drugs will improve gut and liver functions with strong implications for human health during life.
Groundbreaking report on the connection between innate immunity, gut bacteria and metabolism. Responsible for initial observation and centrally involved in experimental design and execution. Drafted most sections and edited final copy. Collected the majority of data and created the majority of figures. This manuscript represents the culmination of over 3 years of planning, experimentation and strategic publication.
A Study on Effect of Anti Toxic Nutrient (ATN) in productive and reproductive...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
My recent introduction talk for the Nutrigenomics Masterclass 2011in Wageningen (The Netherlands):
How to use Nutrigenomics & molecular nutrition? From challenges to solutions
Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering is an international, open access, peer reviewed Journal publishing original research & insights in all the related fields of Biotechnology & Bioengineering. Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering covers major departments including but not limiting to biotechnology research and bioengineering in industrial sector such as agricultural biotechnology, molecular biology, food and beverages industry, textiles industry, biological products, medicines and pharmaceuticals while on the other hand this branch of science that caters to the requirements of agriculture, animal husbandry, nutrition and environmental conservation. Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering provides a new platform for all researchers, scientists, scholars, students to publish their research work & update the latest research information.
Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering is a broad Open Access peer reviewed scientific journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide unbounded access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, and Perspectives (Editorials).
Austin Journal of Biotechnology & Bioengineering supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Anatomy research community by amplifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
What is health? NUGO International nutrigenomics Conference Wageningen Sept 9...Norwich Research Park
What is health? Can Nutrigenomics allow to quantify metabolic health? (YES)
My very personal conclusions of a wonderful conference (NUGO Week 2011) in Wageningen (The Netherlands) that we organized.
Parte de la presentación de mi tesis doctoral (2010) con el titulo " Molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet and olive oil consumption in humans".
Effects of Supplementation of Mineral Nano Particles on Weaned Piglet GrowthAI Publications
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of mineral nano particles on piglet growth by assessing the live weight gain, the total feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio. A total of 240 Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire piglets weaned at 25 days were randomly assigned to 4 treated groups and 1 control group. Piglets of Group I was fed with basal diets supplemented with 1.6 mg/kg nMn, 20 mg/kg nFe, 2 mg/kg nCu, 0.1 mg/kg Co, 0.1 mg/kg nSe, and 20 mg/kg nZn. The nano mineral content of Group II, III, and IV were 2, 4, and 8-fold higher than Group I, respectively. The results showed that the higher concentration of mineral nano particles supplementation (group III and IV) associated with the higher live weight gain. The piglet from group IV showed a highest live weight gain (36.68 ± 0.34 kg) comparing to other groups (P < 0.01). All groups of treatment with mineral nano particles supplementation showed the lower feed conversion ratio comparing to control group. There was no significant difference in the feed conversion ratio of piglet from group I (2.85 ± 0.08), group II (2.69 ± 0.13), group III (2.73 ± 0.03), and group IV (2.69 ± 0.07).
Role of Selenium and Vitamin E on Gastric Mucosal Damage Induced By Water-Imm...iosrjce
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of selenium and vitamin E on gastric mucosal
damage and acid secretion induced water immersion restraint stress (WRS) in Wistar rats. (n= 70) Wistar rats
of both sexes, weighing 200-220 g were divided in to five groups of seven rats each, viz: (i) passive control
(non-stress rats), (ii) active control (WRS + distilled water), (iii) WRS + vitamin E, (iv) WRS + vitamin E +
selenium, and (v) WRS + selenium. The WRS procedure lasted for 3.5 hours. Gastric tissues were isolated and
investigated macroscopically and histologically to determine mucosal damage. Gastric secretion was collected
after additional 3 hours of pyloric ligation. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for the
investigation of plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). The result demonstrated that acute WRS
significantly (P < 0.001) increase gastric ulcer and gastric secretion parameters as well as MDA concentration.
Pre-treatment with selenium or vitamin E significantly lowered the gastric parameters and MDA concentration
especially in rats co-administered with selenium and vitamin E. It was concluded that acute WRS exposure
causes significant alteration in the structure of the gastric tissue and increased plasma MDA. Pre-treatment
with selenium and vitamin E ameliorated the adverse effects of WRS, and co-administration of selenium and
vitamin E exerted synergistic effects in the restoration of WRS-induced changes
Five diets (diets incorporated with folic acid, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin/
mineral mix and control) were used to determine their effects on survival, digestive
enzyme activity, protein profiling and growth of striped snakehead Channa striatus
fingerlings. All vitamin diets showed significant difference in enzyme activity like
protease, amylase and lipase, when compared to that of control. The fingerlings fed
with vitamin C diet showed significantly (P<0.05) better performance in terms of
survival rate, weight gain and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) when compared to the rest
of the four diets. The electrophoretic studies revealed that high molecular weight
fractions were added up in muscle tissue of C. striatus fed with vitamin and mineral
supplemented diets.
Comparative Effect of Some Proprietary Vitamins and Trace Mineral Mixtures on...iosrjce
The research study was carried out to evaluate the comparative effect of some proprietary
vitamins/trace mineral mixtures on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Two hundred and fifty- six
fifty weeks old Yaffa strain laying birds were used. The birds were randomly allotted to four premixes fortified
experimental diets; PPGODOMIX, PPOMIX, PPROCHE and PPWRITEX with each diet containing isocaloric
and isoproteinous. Sixty four birds were randomly assigned to each of the dietary treatments. The birds were
further sub- divided into four replicates with sixteen birds per replicate. The four dietary treatments elicited no
significant (P>0.05) influence on the overall performance of birds. Percentage hen day egg production was
equally not significantly (P>0.05) affected by any of the dietary treatments examined. The average daily feed
intake was significantly (P<0.05)><0.05)>0.05) influenced by PPOMIX. Birds fed PPOMIX obtained a significantly (P<0.05) higher
value of egg weight, albumen weight and blood spot which were statistically similar to other experimental
premixes examined. The results generated from this study revealed that premix of similar profile will give
similar result which could be used to improve ration management towards enhanced feed utilization and egg
internal/external quality.
Effect of Different Weed Control Practices On Proximate Composition, Nutrient...IOSRJAVS
A field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons to determine effect of different weed control practices on proximate composition, nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea maysL.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. Seven treatments were used for the experiment, viz no weeding (control), Primextra (3.0kg a.i./ha), mulching (wood shavings), one- hoe weeding at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), two hoe- weedings at 3 and 7 WAP, cover cropping with melon minus hoe-weeding, cover-cropping with melon plus one hoe-weeding at 3WAP. The seven treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results showed that mulched plot with wood shavings had the lowest weed density and highest proximate composition, grain nutrient concentration, ear leaf concentration and nutrient uptake followed by Primextra treated plot .The study recommends that small holder farmers to adopt mulching technique with wood shaving to improve the nutritional quality of maize grain since it does not involve any technical rigor besides signifying a non-chemical weed control.
Physiological Quality of Bean Seeds Related To Azotobacter spp. InoculationIOSRJAVS
Research aimed at improving the quality of crops. The results obtained with seed coating were very influential with regard to fertilization and disease resistance. Nitrogen fertilization increases costs in agricultural production and the loss of fertile lands, altering the natural conditions and has negative consequences for the microorganisms (MO), which regulate the balance between quality of crops and soils. The biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) consists on MO work which provide nitrogen in soil and secrete substances that promote plant growth, these can be made by inoculation of seeds. The germination rate, emergency and vigor are an indicator that determines the productivity and physiological quality of a plant variety. The germination rate, number of emerged seeds per pot in favorable field conditions and vigor by accelerated aging test were evaluated. The seed treatments were: the seed inoculation with Azotobacter spp., Immersion in nutrient broth without bacteria, sterilization and zero handling. The experiment has shown that inoculation of common bean seeds with Azotobacter spp. does not adversely affect germination, emergency or vigor and stimulate the development of abnormal seedlings.
Prevalence and Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella isolates from mil...IOSRJAVS
The study was conducted to determine the presence of Salmonella in retail milk products and water reservoirs in Maiduguri, Nigeria. A total of 150 samples were collected using convenient sampling technique. One hundred samples; fifty each of full cream milk or Kindirmo (n=50) and Skimmed milk or Nono (n=50) were collected from Bulumkutu and Monday market retail sellers. Furthermore, of the fifty samples obtained from the two different locations, twenty five samples each of kindirmo and nono were collected. The samples were aseptically kept in sterile plastic bags. Additionally, fifty water samples were collected from reservoirs within the University campus. They were processed according to standard bacteriological protocols followed by Gram’s staining and biochemical test; Triple sugar iron test, citrate and urease. The Salmonella isolates were further subjected to ten different antibiotics to determine their sensitivity. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in milk samples was found to be 10.00%, while the total prevalence of Salmonella from water sample was 40.00%. Of the fifteen isolates tested, resistance to Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone and Erythromycin was 100.00%, Gentamicin had 80.00% and Cotrimoxazole was 53.33%, whereas Gentamycin, Ceftriaxone and Amoxicillin displayed 100.00% sensitivity. Moderate sensitivity of 53.33% to Streptomycin and Pefloxacin, 46.67% to Ciprofloxacin and 86.67% sensitivity to Ofloxacin was found in this study. Antibiotic resistance is associated with frequent usage both in livestock and humans as they are commonly available. Adequate sanitary measures should be ensured in milk processing and use of water reservoirs. Antibiotics should be used based on their antibiogram pattern. Prudent use of antibiotics is essential and its continuous use as growth promoters should be discouraged, as this may result to failure in the treatment of Salmonella-associated diseases due to resistance. Disease surveillance programmes should be established as a means for curtailing salmonellosis.
Molecular Detection and Therapeutic Management of Feline MycoplasmosisIOSRJAVS
Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (formerly known as Haemobartonellafelis) are the causes of hemotropic mycoplasmosis in cats. The parasites attach to the surface of the red blood cell, and have the potential to cause severe alterations of the cell’s shape, resulting in anaemia. A three-year-old tom cat was presented in University Veterinary Hospital with symptoms of lethargy, reduced appetite and fever for past 3 days. Clinical examination revealed increased temperature(103º – 105º F), blanched mucous membranes and lymphadenopathy. Upon peripheral blood smear examination small coccoid organisms could be noticed in the periphery of the RBCs. Hematobiochemical examination revealed anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and decreased haematocrit values. The blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction which confirmed mycoplasmosis due to Mycoplasma haemofelis. The animal was treated with intravenous administration of oxytetracycline@ 10mg/kg BW for five days along with prednisolone and vitamin supplements. Uneventful clinical recovery was noticed 7 days post therapy.
Inspection of the imported food products and internally produced food product...IOSRJAVS
This research had done on Export and Internal products which use by Afghan people. Tests on eggs showed that the internal eggs have better condition because of good weight, shell size, Albumin and yolk, and also there is no report of Salmonella. Tests on milk showed that the internal milk is good at high percentage of fat, Protein, Carbohydrates but there is always adulteration in these milks like adding water and starch. The research on water showed that there are hardness, No3, No2, P, some kinds of Bacteria but no Arsenic in tap, well and mineral water.In meat test we had found that, both import frozen meat and daily slaughter had the same condition of total bacteria and Coliforms but the percentage was normal, with no Salmonella. Results showed that import apple had high Bricks in refract meter than Herati apple.Tests of sausage and tuna products of our country and the external samples had no coliforms but high percentage of total bacteria.
Agro-Economic Benefits of Weed Biomass and Crop Residue in Maize Production S...IOSRJAVS
The climatic conditions of coastal Kenya favour rapid weed growth, leading to the accumulation of large biomass of weeds between cropping seasons. Smallholder farmers in the region usually slash and remove the weed biomass and crop residue from their farms during land preparation in order to facilitate easy planting. The impact of such practice on the production of maize has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the farmers’ practice on the performance of maize and fertilizer requirement. Three methods of managing weed biomass and crop residue (removal from field, incorporation into soil, or use as surface mulch) and five fertilizer rates (60 kg N ha-1 , 20 kg P ha-1 , 30 kg N ha-1 , 10 kg P ha-1 , and no fertilizer application) were evaluated. Removal of weed biomass and crop residue from the field led to 20-26% loss in grain yield and reduced the returns to labour by 41-51%.There was no response to applied P where weed biomass and crop residue had been incorporated into soil. Efforts should therefore be made to educate farmers on the advantages of retaining weed biomass and crop residue on their farms as they prepare land for subsequent crops.
Mutagenic Action of Sodium Azide on Germination and Emergence in Landraces of...IOSRJAVS
Phaseolus vulgaris (Common beans) landraces are one of the most cultivated legumes for human consumption on the montaneclimate of the Jos Plateau and is renowned for the production of reasonable quantities of the beans in Africa.Common beans is rich in fiber, micronutrients, minerals and has strong medicinal value. Despite its potential for improving nutrition and poverty reduction, it is highly under-utilized and research efforts to improve the genotypes of the plant found in this area for better productivity are few. A study was thus carried out to access the germination and emergence responses of three landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris (pinto, red kidney and navy) after treatment with sodium azide. Four doses of sodium azide were applied in concentrations of 0.1M, 0.04M, 0.03M and 0.02M for each landrace for both germination and emergence experiments. The results showed that at doses 0.02M and 0.03M, the pinto indicated significantly (p<0.05) higher mean germination which surpassed the control. All sodium azide doses in the red kidney and pinto had reduced mean germination. Sodium azide reduced the mean emergence of pinto, red kidney and navy at all the doses of sodium azide. The lethality of sodium azide was highest in navy and lowest in pinto. The decrease in germination and emergence was not dose related especially in red kidney and navy. The best response to the mutagen was observed in pinto with higher germination and the least percentage lethality. Sodium azide effectiveness and efficiency were strongest at the 0.1M dose of the mutagen.
The Use of in vitro Gas Production Technique as an Index of the Nutritive Val...IOSRJAVS
: The in vitro gas production technique was used to predict rumen fermentable organic matter, gas production kinetics, organic matter digestibility as well as metabolizable energy were evaluated in green shoot, leaves, fruits flesh and seed cakes of Ziziphus spina-christi tree. A gas production was measured by incubating samples in buffered rumen fluid from cannulated steer for 72 h. Total gas production was recorded at 0,3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation periods and kinetics of gas production was described. The chemical analysis of these Ziziphus spina-christi parts, showed that, Leaves contained high protein (14.77±0.23g/kg) and green shoot less protein (8.03±0.15g/kg),however, high ash content was observed in green shoot (10.03±0.07g/kg) compare to other parts. seed cakes has the highest crude fibre content in comparison to other parts (32.46±0.01),while fruits flesh contained the highest ether extract(72.39±0.03).The maximum gas volume was highest for fruits flesh followed by seed cakes, green shoot and leaves after 24hr of incubation. In this study flesh had a significantly higher (P<0.05) gas production from rapid soluble fraction (a) than the other parts, while Ziziphus spina-christi leaves showed the highest gas production from slowly degradable fraction (b) .Organic matter digestibility range was (51.90– 43.79%) and Metabolisable energy was found to be (9.16– 6.74MJ/kgDM) in the flesh and green shoot, respectively. It was concluded that, green shoots, leaves, fruit flesh and seed cake of Ziziphus spina-christi have the potential to be used as protein, energy and mineral supplements for ruminants especially during the dry season
Epithelial reticular Cells of Egyptian Water buffalo (Bosbubalis)IOSRJAVS
Thymus obtained from10 clinically healthy Egyptian water male buffalo (Bosbubalis). Their ages ranged between 2to 3 years old. The thymus of Egyptian water buffalo was divided by septa into many lobules; each lobule had outer, cortex and inner medulla. The epithelial reticular cells were classified according to their staining affinity, morphology and position into 4 types, three were found within the cortex and one in the medulla. In cortex epithelia reticular cells type I (ER 1) had elongated nucleus of irregular or triangular shape with marginal heterochromatin clumps along the nuclear membrane. Epithelial reticular cells type II(ER II) were irregular in shape with pale stained cytoplasm and the nuclei were large and spherical having euchromatin. Epithial reticular cells type III(ERIII) were characterized by large nucleus of irregular shape having marginal heterochromatin .In medulla epithelial reticular (ER) cells of type IV, they were the largest epithelial cells forming the unique elements of the thymic medulla (Hassall's corpuscles)). Cytoplasm was occupied by many small vacuoles ,very large vacuole appeared in the cytoplasm pushed the nucleus into one side.
The Development Strategy for Community Empowerment in the Framework of Fire P...IOSRJAVS
Land and forest fire disasters occur every year. Such conditions lead to disaster smog that many negative impact on society. Limited access to information community, especially around the area of Coconut Plantation potentially cause many problems, such as reduced household income caused by smog, the highaffected community respiratory tract infections as well as conflict disharmony social relationships that exist in society. Mistakes in communicating an information, could lead to uncertainty which aggravated the situation. In this situation, communication and community empowerment approach is urgently needed, taking into account the circumstances and social change. This study aims to examine how socioeconomic conditions of communities around oil palm plantations and the extent of the role of community institutions in the activities of prevention and suppression of fires and haze, and determine the communication strategy of community empowerment in the prevention and suppression of fires and smoke haze oil palm plantations in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. the results showed that the alternative chosen strategy is as follows: (a) Improving socialization, campaigns and the effectiveness of inter-institutional communication for the prevention of forest fires; optimization of the institutional role of Fire Response Group at the grassroots level and improve the knowledge and skills of the community in the management of land resources in order to prevent fires.
Use of Information Communication Technologies Among Female Block Extension Ag...IOSRJAVS
Block Extension Agents are the extension workers who are specifically females and who carry out Gender sensitive issues for female farmers in Nigeria. They have the objective of seeing to the extension needs of the female farmers. The study assessed the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) among Block Extension Agents (BEAs) in South-East Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of the sample for the study. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The mean age of the respondents was 40 years. All the BEAs sampled had formal education where more than half of them (51.04%) had first degree (B.Sc/B.Agric). The mean working experience of the respondents was 10 years. The mean income level of the respondents was N 33,875 per month. The extension agents claimed that twenty-five ICT facilities were available to them in varying degree. The attitude of the respondents towards the use of ICT facilities was positive (mean score=3.11). The extent of use of ICTs by the BEAs was low (mean score=1.45) which can be attributed to the low degree of availability of the ICTs than to their attitude towards the use of the ICT facilities. The BEAs identified thirteen (13) pressing problems that hindered their use of ICTs in varying degree and their major constraint (89.58%) as very limited access to the internet. It is recommended that the ADPs should provide such desirable working conditions that will encourage the BEAs to put in more years of their productive service to the ADPs; Workshops, conferences and seminars should be organized to train the BEAs in the use of ICTs which will improve efficiency in their work. ICT facilities should be made available to BEAs to enhance their productivity.
Study of Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation among 20 Accessions of Nigerian...IOSRJAVS
Morphological techniques were used to evaluate the diversity in 20 cowpea accessions collected from some parts of Nigeria for two years (2007 and 2008) at Ibadan, South Western Nigeria. Correlation analysis was employed to show the relationships among the traits. Similarly, genotypic and phenotypic variances, genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and expected genetic advance were estimated for the twelve traits in cowpea for each season. This study shows that for cowpea yield improvement, number of main branches, pod numbers, pods per plant, pods per peduncle and seeds per pod should be part of the selection criteria.
Analysis of Resource Use Efficiency in Small-Scale Maize Production in Tafawa...IOSRJAVS
This paper analyzed the resource-use efficiency of small-scale Maize production in Tafawa-Balewa local government area of Bauchi State. Data were collected from a sample of 120 Maize farmers selected through multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, double-log function and marginal value productivity analysis. The result showed that 90.17% had formal education; 51.67% were males; 90.17% were between the ages of 21-50. Majority 72.50% were married. In terms of farming experience, majority (86.67%) of the respondent had farming experience between 5-20 years. 75.00% had no contact with extension. The double-log function gave the best fit with Adjusted R2 of 81.16%. Production inputs such as seed, fertilizer, labour affected output significantly. Maize production in the study area has an increasing return to scale from the sum of elasticity of production (1.747). Seed and fertilizer were underutilized in Maize production, whereas labour was over used. The major problem confronting the farmers include high cost of inputs (77.50%); Untimely disbursement of credit/inputs (62.50; inadequate extension services (59.17); unstable price (41.67%); draught (33.33%), inadequate credit facilities (31.67%) etc. Profit could be enhanced by increasing the quantity used of seed and fertilizer inputs, its timely supply. Labour should be reduced to optimum level for increase output and total revenue respectively. It is also recommended that extension education and financial support to farmers be improved to allow them increase output and total revenue. There is need for adjustment in resource use in order to improve farm profit at this level of technology used by Maize farmers in the study area.
Effect of Growth Retardants on Shoot and Root Development of Stevia(Steviareb...IOSRJAVS
Stevia rebaudianaBertoni is a natural sweetener herb, which is promising in food and pharmaceutical production. In Egypt, the gap between sugar production and consumption represents a serious problem, in order to close this gap; Stevia could be cultivated in the Egyptian environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol(PBZ) and ethephon (ET) on shooting and rooting of stevia plant in vitroto improve the survival and growth of Stevia plantlets during acclimatization.The highest shoot number (48.0 shoots/explant) and the highest number of leaves (7.34) were recorded on MS medium containing 0.1mg/l PBZ. Whereas, the highest shoot length (7.36 cm) was obtained on MS medium without supplementation withPBZ or ET. The highest fresh and dry weights of shoots was recorded on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l PBZ, which gave2.83 and 0.39 g, respectively. The highest number of roots (8.44 roots/shoot) was obtained with 0.1mg/l PBZ. Also, this study indicates that PBZ or ET increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and carbohydrates content in the plant. PBZ and ET had significant effect on thesurvival of plants ex vitro, which recorded 85 and75%, respectively.
Effect of Different Levels of Fat on the Chemical Composition and Sensory Cha...IOSRJAVS
The effect of different levels of fat on the chemical composition and sensory characteristics has been made from the following levels of milk fat: 3%, 2.5% and 2%. The produced cheese was packed into sterile polyethylene bags (300 gram capacity) and stored at 4°C for three months. The chemical analysis was done at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The results revealed that significant differences (P< 0.05) were found in protein, ash, total solid, pH, volatile fatty acids and fat contents of the different cheese samples. Sensory characteristics and storage periodof the cheese samples showed significant variations (P< 0.05). The protein, total solids and ash increased throughout the storage period, the lowest values were 21.82±3.49%, 59.29±4.03% and 5.60±0.89% respectively obtained at day zero of the storage. The highest pH occurred at day zero of storage. It was also found that the volatile fatty acids(VFA) increased with the decrease levels of fat, the highest VFA (2.62±0.50%01N ml NaOH/100 gm) was observed in the cheese with 2.5% fat. The statistical analysis showed sensory characteristics of the cheese samples significant (P< 0.05) affected by the fat levels. The present study concluded that production of low-fat cheeses with valuable chemical composition and good quality for the health benefits of the consumers.
Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Sudanese LowFat Cheese during ...IOSRJAVS
This study was carried out in the milk processing units at College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Sciences during September 2014-January 2015. The chemical and sensory characteristics of Sudanese low-fat cheese were investigated as affected by different levels of gum Arabic and storage period. Three hundred and fifty liters (350) of standardized milk with (3%, 2.5% and 2%) of fat were prepared after purchase full cream milk from a private farm at Al Haj Yousif, Khartoum North. Seven treatments were carried out as follows: First treatment is the control in which cheese milk had no additive (3%) of fat. In the second and third with 3% of fat, fourth and fifth with 2.5% of fat and sixth and seventh with 2% of fat, 0.5 and 0.75% of gum Arabic were added respectively to cheese milk before pasteurization then low-fat cheese was made and stored at refrigerator (4°C) for 120 days. Physicochemical and sensory evaluation was done for the cheese samples at day zero, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days intervals. The cheese statistical analysis obtained that gum Arabic significantly (P< 0.05) affected the chemical composition of the cheese. The results also showed that crude protein fat, total solids, pH, volatile fatty acid and ash were significantly (P< 0.05) affected by both levels of gum Arabic and storage period. The results obtained there were significantly differences (P<0.05) between control cheese and the other with 0.5 and 0.75 gum Arabic respectively in all parameters
Assessmens of the Disease Index and the Behavior of Some Peach and Nectarine ...IOSRJAVS
Leaf curl of nectarine and peach, caused by Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul, is a difficult disease to control throughout Albania. Heavily infected fruit trees are poorly nourished, develop fewer flower buds, and are more easily damaged from freezing in winter. In this research, susceptibility of 2 peach and 2 nectarine varieties to leaf curl disease was investigated in ecological conditions of Tirane, Albania province in 2014 and 2016. Disease severity was calculated by the 0-5 scale when typical symptoms of leaf curl were evaluated on peach and nectarine leaves in naturally infected orchards. The conditions of natural infection allowed grouping the biological material in 4 classes (plant growth stages) and 6 groups of resistance for leaf curl disease severity. From the data we see that the of disease index (Imc-ja in%) during the three years of study varies from 4.22% in cultivar tire and reaches 22.8% in the Red Star cultivar we also comparisons this level too Control high infection which ranges from 40.66% in Roajal Black cultivar and up to 43.66% in Gomea cultivar.
Characterization and Geographical Classification of Greek Fir Honeys Based on...IOSRJAVS
The objective of the present study was to characterize commercial fir honey produced in different regions in Greece and investigate the possibility of geographical classification using data sets of physicochemical parameters, colour attributes, and volatile compounds using multivariate analysis techniques. For this purpose, 43 fir honey samples were collected during harvesting periods 2010-2013 from five different regions in Greece. Physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity, ash, pH, moisture, free acidity, lactonic acidity, total acidity, lactonic to free acidity ratio) were determined using official methods of analysis, while colour attributes (L*, a*, b*) and browning index were determined using CIE recommendations and methodology published in the literature, respectively. Finally, volatile profiles were determined using headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results showed that honey samples analyzed met the criteria set by regulatory standards for fir honey, and exhibited variations in physicochemical parameter values, colour attributes, and volatile profiles, according to geographical origin. On the basis of the results obtained, it is possible to classify (correct prediction 69.8%) commercial fir honeys produced in specific regions, using a data set of 21 parameters and chemometrics
Impact of Maize Silks Extract, its Application Methods and Their Interaction ...IOSRJAVS
The current study was conducted during the growing season (2014 – 2015), at a private orchard at Safwan area in Basra province-Iraq; to study the effect of several concentrations of maize silks, their application methods and their interaction on some indicators of growth and yield of tomato plants cv. Wijdan. The experiment was factorial and included (24) factorial treatments (4*2*3) resulted from: four levels of maize silks and two application methods, each in three replicates. The results showed a superiority of (60 ml. L.-1) of maize silks extract on most studied characteristics, which was non-significantly differed from the concentration (40 ml. L.-1). For the methods of application, the applying to soil method was superior with most characteristics. Concerning the interaction, the treatment (60 ml. L.-1 maize extract level + applying to soil method) was superior in its effect on most characteristics of tomato plant cv. Wijdan.
Nutritive Value of the Carcass of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchel...IOSRJAVS
The experiment on African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings 3.55±0.01g average weight and 4.09±0.05cm average length, was to know the effect of feeding frequencies on the nutritive value on the carcass, the were fed with commercial feed (Coppens) of 58% crude protein level at 5% body weight, once (at 11:00 am), twice (9:00am and 4:00pm), thrice (9:00am, 1:00pm and 4:00pm), and four times (9:00am, 11:00am, 1:00pm and 4:00pm), daily to satiation for 14 weeks. The Mean Feed Consumption show that Treatment D had the highest total feed consumption of 54.10g, while the lowest feed consumption value of 43.20g was noted Treatment A which was the fish fed once per day. The mean proximate composition of the fish carcass show that crude protein was highest in Treatment D with 62.78±0.22, while Treatment A had the least with 54.72±0.02. Moisture content show that Treatment C had the highest with 11.86±0.14, while Treatment A had the least with 7.80±0.01. Ash content show that Treatment A had the highest with 6.90±0.22, while Treatment D had 1.08±0.63, which was the least. Crude lipid show that Treatment B had the highest with 11.78±0.17, while Treatment C had the least, with 9.24±0.33. The study suggests that body the composition of African catfish fingerlings is affected by the frequency of feeding.The results on feed utilization suggests that C. gariepinus fingerlings should be fed at four times per day for maximum growth and better survival
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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Role of Trace Minerals in Bolstering Reproductive Health in Heifers
1. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 10, Issue 2 Ver. I (February. 2017), PP 25-28
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/2380-1002012528 www.iosrjournals.org 25 | Page
Role of Trace Minerals in Bolstering Reproductive Health in
Heifers.
Nishant deep Singh Ranaut1
, Anurag Borthakur2
, K. Ravikanth2
, Shivi Maini2
1
Veterinary Polyclinic, Nahan , Distt. Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh
2
R&D Deptt. Ayurvet, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh
Abstract: Trace minerals play a significant role in improving reproductive health. A study was carried out to
evaluate the role of trace minerals in alleviating reproductive health in heifers. A total of 20 heifers were
allotted into three groups T0, T1 and T2. T0 (n=4) was kept as control. T1 (n=10) was supplemented with
Uniselit (M/S Ayurvet) along with standard basal diet. T2 (n=6) was supplemented with CofeCu along with
standard basal diet. Results revealed that there was significant improvement in the physical and chemical
parameters of estrus exhibition in the Uniselit supplemented group T1 as compared to control. The conception
rate was also higher in group T1 in comparison to control. Thus, it can be inferred that trace minerals have
significant influence in improving reproductive health in heifers.
Keywords: conception rate, estrus, health, heifer, trace minerals.
I. Introduction
Dairy animals most commonly suffer with the nutritional deficiencies due high production and
deficient feeding ultimately leading to poor reproductive performance. Micro minerals are very essential part of
animal's ration which is required only in micro amount [1]. Reproductive performance in cattle, skeletal
development in young animals, optimum health, and strong immunity all depend on these important trace
minerals [2]. Trace minerals have critical roles in the key interrelated systems of immune function, oxidative
metabolism, and energy metabolism in ruminants. To date, the primary trace elements of interest in diets for
dairy cattle have included Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se although data also support potentially important roles of Cr, Co,
and Fe in diets [3]. Trace element deficiency may be linked to problems such as retained foetal membranes [4],
abortion [5] and weak calf syndrome [6]. Furthermore, It has recently been reported combined selenium and
iodine deficiency in a dairy herd is associated with a high incidence of retained foetal membranes, milk fever
and vulval discharge [7]. Zinc is widely distributed throughout the body as a component of metalloenzymes and
metalloproteins [8]. Zinc finger proteins play an integral role in regulating gene expression, consequently
impacting a wide variety of body functions including cell division, growth, hormone production, metabolism,
appetite control, and immune function [8][9]. Copper plays a very important role in metabolism largely because
it allows many critical enzymes to function properly [10]. Vitamin E and Se are essential micronutrients that
share a common biological role as antioxidants [11]. Supplementation of Se and Vitamin E have been shown to
decrease the incidence of retained placenta, metritis and increased the rate of uterine involution [12]. Calcium
and Phosphorus are essential to ensure proper reproductive health and productivity [13]. Phosphorus is
commonly referred to as the “fertility” mineral [14]. In light of the significant role that is apportioned on the
trace minerals in ameliorating reproductive health and augmenting milk production, the present study has been
designed to investigate the role of trace minerals in the improvement of reproductive ability of heifers.
II. Materials and Methods
Experimental Design
A total of 20 Jersey or Holstein graded heifers that has exhibited estrus once, free from endometirits
and having BCS (Body condition score) between 2.75- 3 were selected from Nahan town, Sirmour distt. ,
Himachal Pradesh. The animals were allotted into three groups T0, T1 and T2. Group T0 (n=4) was kept as
control and was provided access to standard basal diet only. Group T1 (n= 10) was supplemented with
antioxidant and trace mineral supplement Uniselit (M/S Ayurvet Ltd) at the rate of 1 sachet once daily orally for
15 days along with the standard basal diet. Group T2 (n=6) was supplemented with CoFeCu at the rate of 2 tabs
once daily orally for 15 days along with the standard basal diet. Parameters such as estrous exhibition,
conception rate and body condition score were evaluated.
Statistical Analysis
The data collected was analyzed by applying standard statistical methods described by Snedecor and Cochran
(1971) [15].
2. Role of Trace Minerals in Bolstering Reproductive Health in Heifers.
DOI: 10.9790/2380-1002012528 www.iosrjournals.org 26 | Page
III. Results
Estrus Exhibition (Physical Parameters)
The physical parameters such as bellowing, mounting, restlessness, discharge, and off- feed were
evaluated in the control and supplemented groups. The bellowing was found to be excellent in the Uniselit
supplemented group T1 while it was recorded as average in the CoFeCu supplemented group T2 and control
group T0 (table 1). Mounting and discharge were found to be excellent in supplemented groups T1 and T2 and
average in control group T0. Off- fed behaviour manifestation was graded as average in the supplemented
groups T1 and T2 relative to the control group T0 in which the off- fed behaviour was graded as poor.
Table 1: Estrus exhibition (Physical parameters) in each group of heifers.
Groups Bellowing Off fed Mounting Restlessness Discharge
Control (N=4) Average Poor Average Poor Average
Treatment 1 (N=10) Excellent Average Excellent Average Excellent
Treatment 2 (N=6) Average Average Excellent Average Excellent
Estrus Exhibition (Chemical Parameters)
The clinical parameters such as amount of discharge, standing estrus, tone of uterus and follicle
development were also evaluated. The amount of discharge was found to be excellent in the Uniselit
supplemented group T0 as compared to CofeCu supplemented group T2 and control group T0 (table 2). The
standing estrus was recorded as average in the supplemented groups T1 and T2 and poor in the control group
T0. The tone of uterus was found to be excellent in the supplemented groups T1 and T2 and average in the
control group T0. Follicular development was maximum in the Uniselit supplemented group T1 (12.05)
followed by CofeCu supplemented group T2 (11.49) as compared to the control group T0 (10.58).
Table 2: Estrus exhibition (Clinical parameters) in each group of heifers.
Groups Amount of
discharge
Standing
estrus
Tone of
uterus
Follicle development
Control (N=4) Average Poor Average 10.58±0.64AB
Treatment 1 (N=10) Excellent Average Excellent 12.05±0.41 AB
Treatment 2 (N=6) Average Average Excellent 11.49±0.56 AB
Duration of estrus exhibition
The duration of estrus was reported to be lowest in the Uniselit supplemented group T1(28 hours)
followed by CoFeCu supplemented group T2 (30 hours) as compared to the control group T0 (34 hours) (table
3).
Table 3: Duration of Estrus Exhibition in hours in each group heifers
Groups Duration Of Estrus (Av. Hr)
Control (N=4) 34
Treatment 1 (N=10) 28
Treatment 2 (N=6) 30
Conception Rate
The conception rate was found to be highest in Uniselit supplemented group T1(70 %) followed by CoFeCu
supplemented group T2 (66.66%) as compared to the control group T0 (50%) (table 4).
Table 4: Conception Rate of each group heifers
Groups Conception Rate
Control (N=4) 50% (2/4)
Treatment 1 (N=10) 70% (7/10)
Treatment 2 (N=6) 66.66 % (4/6)
IV. Discussion
The physical and chemical parameters of estrus exhibition were very prominent and the conception rate
higher in the anti-oxidant and trace element supplement Uniselit administered group T1. Anti- oxidants such as
vitamin E and selenium can significantly improve reproductive functions [16]. Perusal of reports also reveal that
a clinical deficiency in Se can lead to many reproductive disorders such as retained placentas, infertility, cystic
ovaries, metritis, delayed conception, and erratic, weak or silent heat periods leading to poor fertilization [17].
Studies have further shown that supplementation with antioxidants before the beginning of months of heat-stress
and also during the stress period may correct the infertility due to heat-stress through decreased cortisol
secretion and oxidative stress, resulting in enhanced pregnancy rates [18]. Thus it can be inferred that presence
of anti-oxidants viz. vitamin E and selenium in Uniselit may have brought about the improvements in the estrus
3. Role of Trace Minerals in Bolstering Reproductive Health in Heifers.
DOI: 10.9790/2380-1002012528 www.iosrjournals.org 27 | Page
exhibition and conception rate. Reports also point towards a pattern of lower values of zinc and manganese
being associated with increased incidence of repeat breeding cases [19]. It is suggested that Mn plays an
important role within the ovary in hormone synthesis where it stimulates cholesterol synthesis which indirectly
influences steroid hormone synthesis [20]. Manganese role in hormone synthesis is as a cofactor for an enzyme
that converts mevalonic acid to squalene, where squalene stimulates the synthesis of cholesterol [21]. Estradiol
which is secreted from the conceptus as the signal for pregnancy recognition in swine may be affected by Mn
because of squalene’s role as a precursor in steroid hormone production [22]. Zinc deficient cows appear to
exhibit abnormal estrus and a decrease in fertility, but all phases of the reproductive process may be affected
[23]. Thus, it can also be concluded that Zinc and manganese, which are present as trace minerals in Uniselit
may have played a key role in increasing conception rate as well as better estrus exhibition. Trace mineral
copper is responsible for many functions in the animal [24]. Low fertility associated with delayed or depressed
oestrus have been reported in cattle graze on copper deficient pastures [25]. Cobalt is also a serious mineral
limitation to livestock because even when grazing is abundant deficiency will lead to chronic starvation or
wasting which is often indistinguishable from energy and protein malnutrition [26, 27, 28]. Supplementation of
cobalt has been reported to improve reproductive performance in cattle [29]. Several studies suggest that
deficiency in cobalt have resulted in appearance of reproductive abnormalities which include delayed uterine
involution, irregular estrus cycle and decreased conception rate [30, 31]. Presence of Cu and Co in Uniselit
supplement further corroborate the role of trace minerals in increasing reproductive function and improving
overall productivity of heifers.
V. Conclusion
Incorporation of trace minerals brought about significant improvements in the heifers in terms of estrus
exhibition and increased conception rate. The results clearly accentuate the role of trace minerals in improving
the reproductive health of heifers.
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, India and Veterinary Polyclinic, Nahan, distt. Sirmour,
Himachal Pradesh for providing the research facilities.
References
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