Role of Selenium and Vitamin E on Gastric Mucosal Damage Induced By Water-Imm...iosrjce
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of selenium and vitamin E on gastric mucosal
damage and acid secretion induced water immersion restraint stress (WRS) in Wistar rats. (n= 70) Wistar rats
of both sexes, weighing 200-220 g were divided in to five groups of seven rats each, viz: (i) passive control
(non-stress rats), (ii) active control (WRS + distilled water), (iii) WRS + vitamin E, (iv) WRS + vitamin E +
selenium, and (v) WRS + selenium. The WRS procedure lasted for 3.5 hours. Gastric tissues were isolated and
investigated macroscopically and histologically to determine mucosal damage. Gastric secretion was collected
after additional 3 hours of pyloric ligation. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for the
investigation of plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). The result demonstrated that acute WRS
significantly (P < 0.001) increase gastric ulcer and gastric secretion parameters as well as MDA concentration.
Pre-treatment with selenium or vitamin E significantly lowered the gastric parameters and MDA concentration
especially in rats co-administered with selenium and vitamin E. It was concluded that acute WRS exposure
causes significant alteration in the structure of the gastric tissue and increased plasma MDA. Pre-treatment
with selenium and vitamin E ameliorated the adverse effects of WRS, and co-administration of selenium and
vitamin E exerted synergistic effects in the restoration of WRS-induced changes
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...IOSRJPBS
Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana in wistar rats. The studies were conducted using the two popular inducing agents Paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) in 1% NaCMC and Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug in the respective models. The effect was estimated by measuring the enzymatic levels and histo- pathological studies. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana has shown very significant hepatoprotection against both Paracetamol and CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity study models in wistar rats. This was evidenced by marked reduction in marker enzymes in serum. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of the extract
Role of Selenium and Vitamin E on Gastric Mucosal Damage Induced By Water-Imm...iosrjce
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of selenium and vitamin E on gastric mucosal
damage and acid secretion induced water immersion restraint stress (WRS) in Wistar rats. (n= 70) Wistar rats
of both sexes, weighing 200-220 g were divided in to five groups of seven rats each, viz: (i) passive control
(non-stress rats), (ii) active control (WRS + distilled water), (iii) WRS + vitamin E, (iv) WRS + vitamin E +
selenium, and (v) WRS + selenium. The WRS procedure lasted for 3.5 hours. Gastric tissues were isolated and
investigated macroscopically and histologically to determine mucosal damage. Gastric secretion was collected
after additional 3 hours of pyloric ligation. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for the
investigation of plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). The result demonstrated that acute WRS
significantly (P < 0.001) increase gastric ulcer and gastric secretion parameters as well as MDA concentration.
Pre-treatment with selenium or vitamin E significantly lowered the gastric parameters and MDA concentration
especially in rats co-administered with selenium and vitamin E. It was concluded that acute WRS exposure
causes significant alteration in the structure of the gastric tissue and increased plasma MDA. Pre-treatment
with selenium and vitamin E ameliorated the adverse effects of WRS, and co-administration of selenium and
vitamin E exerted synergistic effects in the restoration of WRS-induced changes
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...IOSRJPBS
Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana in wistar rats. The studies were conducted using the two popular inducing agents Paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) in 1% NaCMC and Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug in the respective models. The effect was estimated by measuring the enzymatic levels and histo- pathological studies. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana has shown very significant hepatoprotection against both Paracetamol and CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity study models in wistar rats. This was evidenced by marked reduction in marker enzymes in serum. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of the extract
The role of curcumin in streptozotocin induced hepatic damage and the trans-d...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Diabetic patients frequently suffer from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The current study aimed to investigate the role of curcumin and the response of hepatic stellate cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hepatic damage. Sixty male rats were divided into three groups. The normal control injected with a citrate buffer vehicle and the diabetic control group which was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with a single-dose of streptozotocin (50mg/kg body weight) and a diabetic group was treated with an oral dose of curcumin at 80 mg/kg body weight daily for 60 days. Curcumin effectively counteracts oxidative stress-mediated hepatic damage and improves biochemical parameters. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was significantly reduced, and insulin antibodies showed strong positive immunoreactivity with curcumin administration. These results optimistically demonstrate the potential use of curcumin, which is attributed to its antiradical/antioxidant activities and its potential β-cell regenerative properties. Also, it has the capability to encourage the trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells into insulin-producing cells for a period of time. In addition, as it is an anti-fibrotic mediator that inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and the transition to myofibroblast-like cells, this suggests the possibility of considering curcumin's novel therapeutic effects in reducing hepatic dysfunction in diabetic patients.
Dietary Supplementation with Calcium in Healthy Rats Administered with Artemi...IOSR Journals
Reports on the role of calcium on predisposition to cardiovascular disease have been rather inconsistent while studies on its interaction with other medications are ongoing. We therefore investigated the effect of separate and combine administration of calcium supplement with artemisinin-based combination drug on hepatic and serum lipid profile. Thirty two male wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight rats each. The control (group A) received normal saline. Group B and D were placed on 10mg/Kg calcium twice daily for four weeks. On the thirtieth day, therapeutic dose of artemisinin-based combination was simultaneously administered to group C and group D twice daily for three days. All the rats were then sacrificed after 12 hours fasting, blood was withdrawn and the liver removed and homogenized in an appropriate buffer. Biochemical analysis showed no significant (p>0.05) variation in hepatic triaacylglycerol in all the treated groups whereas calcium supplementation was observed to induce a significant (p<0.05) reduction in hepatic cholesterol. Significant elevations due to calcium supplementation were also observed in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol level and atherogenic risk index with a concomitant reduction in serum HDL cholesterol. No significant change was observed in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and serum lipoproteins in all other treatment groups. Our study suggests that calcium supplementation may predispose to cardiovascular disease and that its co administration with ACT may not aggravate nor reduced the predisposition risk.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Effect of astaxanthin on ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasisIOSR Journals
Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common and painful of urological disorders with a high prevalence rate. The role of calcium oxalate crystals, which are the predominant component of kidney stones in generating oxidative stress, have been clearly demonstrated in previous studies. Astaxanthin, found in marine organisms is a dietary xanthophyll carotenoid with enhanced antioxidative properties and pharmacological effects. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of this natural antioxidant, at a daily dose of 25mg/kg in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in male Wistar rats. Liver function markers, hepatic antioxidants, albumin creatinine ratios, renal calcium content and changes in body and kidney weight have been studied to evaluate the effect of this carotenoid in vivo. The effect of citrate, a component of most pharmaceutical drugs for management of nephrolithiasis has also been evaluated for the purpose of comparison with astaxanthin treatment. Astaxanthin is seen to exert a protective effect on the liver and kidney tissues in ethylene glycol treated rats by improving the liver function, restoring the activity of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, decreasing the albumin creatinine ratios and calcium levels and maintaining the organ to body weight ratio. Our results also indicate that astaxanthin administration is more beneficial than citrate treatment
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Effects of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Extract on the Liver Enzymes of Carbon Tet...IOSR Journals
Rauwolfia vomitoria is a natural medicinal plant which has been used over the years for the treatment of various ailments. The effects of extract of rauwolfia vomitoria on liver enzymes of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity were observed in adult wistar rats weighing between 120g and 190g. They were divided into four groups A,B, C and D of six rats each. Group A served as the control and received 0.41ml of distilled water. The experimental groups B, C and D received different doses of drugs as follows : group B received 0.50ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract, group C received 0.5ml of carbon tetrachloride and group D received 0.41ml of carbon tetrachloride + 0.4ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract. The drugs were administered once in a day using intubation method for a period of twenty one days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were anaesthetized under chloroform vapour and dissected . liver tissues were removed and weighed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and Serum samples were separated from clot by centrifugation using bench top centrifuge. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using randox kit method. The relative liver weight for carbon tetrachloride treated group were significantly higher (p<0.001)><0.001) than the control. The extract exhibited a liver protective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity
Open-label dosing study to evaluate the safety and effects of a dietary plant-derived polisaccharide supplement on the N-glysocylation status of serum glycoporteins in healthy subjects
Groundbreaking report on the connection between innate immunity, gut bacteria and metabolism. Responsible for initial observation and centrally involved in experimental design and execution. Drafted most sections and edited final copy. Collected the majority of data and created the majority of figures. This manuscript represents the culmination of over 3 years of planning, experimentation and strategic publication.
The role of curcumin in streptozotocin induced hepatic damage and the trans-d...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Diabetic patients frequently suffer from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The current study aimed to investigate the role of curcumin and the response of hepatic stellate cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hepatic damage. Sixty male rats were divided into three groups. The normal control injected with a citrate buffer vehicle and the diabetic control group which was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with a single-dose of streptozotocin (50mg/kg body weight) and a diabetic group was treated with an oral dose of curcumin at 80 mg/kg body weight daily for 60 days. Curcumin effectively counteracts oxidative stress-mediated hepatic damage and improves biochemical parameters. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was significantly reduced, and insulin antibodies showed strong positive immunoreactivity with curcumin administration. These results optimistically demonstrate the potential use of curcumin, which is attributed to its antiradical/antioxidant activities and its potential β-cell regenerative properties. Also, it has the capability to encourage the trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells into insulin-producing cells for a period of time. In addition, as it is an anti-fibrotic mediator that inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and the transition to myofibroblast-like cells, this suggests the possibility of considering curcumin's novel therapeutic effects in reducing hepatic dysfunction in diabetic patients.
Dietary Supplementation with Calcium in Healthy Rats Administered with Artemi...IOSR Journals
Reports on the role of calcium on predisposition to cardiovascular disease have been rather inconsistent while studies on its interaction with other medications are ongoing. We therefore investigated the effect of separate and combine administration of calcium supplement with artemisinin-based combination drug on hepatic and serum lipid profile. Thirty two male wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight rats each. The control (group A) received normal saline. Group B and D were placed on 10mg/Kg calcium twice daily for four weeks. On the thirtieth day, therapeutic dose of artemisinin-based combination was simultaneously administered to group C and group D twice daily for three days. All the rats were then sacrificed after 12 hours fasting, blood was withdrawn and the liver removed and homogenized in an appropriate buffer. Biochemical analysis showed no significant (p>0.05) variation in hepatic triaacylglycerol in all the treated groups whereas calcium supplementation was observed to induce a significant (p<0.05) reduction in hepatic cholesterol. Significant elevations due to calcium supplementation were also observed in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol level and atherogenic risk index with a concomitant reduction in serum HDL cholesterol. No significant change was observed in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and serum lipoproteins in all other treatment groups. Our study suggests that calcium supplementation may predispose to cardiovascular disease and that its co administration with ACT may not aggravate nor reduced the predisposition risk.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Effect of astaxanthin on ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasisIOSR Journals
Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common and painful of urological disorders with a high prevalence rate. The role of calcium oxalate crystals, which are the predominant component of kidney stones in generating oxidative stress, have been clearly demonstrated in previous studies. Astaxanthin, found in marine organisms is a dietary xanthophyll carotenoid with enhanced antioxidative properties and pharmacological effects. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of this natural antioxidant, at a daily dose of 25mg/kg in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in male Wistar rats. Liver function markers, hepatic antioxidants, albumin creatinine ratios, renal calcium content and changes in body and kidney weight have been studied to evaluate the effect of this carotenoid in vivo. The effect of citrate, a component of most pharmaceutical drugs for management of nephrolithiasis has also been evaluated for the purpose of comparison with astaxanthin treatment. Astaxanthin is seen to exert a protective effect on the liver and kidney tissues in ethylene glycol treated rats by improving the liver function, restoring the activity of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, decreasing the albumin creatinine ratios and calcium levels and maintaining the organ to body weight ratio. Our results also indicate that astaxanthin administration is more beneficial than citrate treatment
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Effects of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Extract on the Liver Enzymes of Carbon Tet...IOSR Journals
Rauwolfia vomitoria is a natural medicinal plant which has been used over the years for the treatment of various ailments. The effects of extract of rauwolfia vomitoria on liver enzymes of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity were observed in adult wistar rats weighing between 120g and 190g. They were divided into four groups A,B, C and D of six rats each. Group A served as the control and received 0.41ml of distilled water. The experimental groups B, C and D received different doses of drugs as follows : group B received 0.50ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract, group C received 0.5ml of carbon tetrachloride and group D received 0.41ml of carbon tetrachloride + 0.4ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract. The drugs were administered once in a day using intubation method for a period of twenty one days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were anaesthetized under chloroform vapour and dissected . liver tissues were removed and weighed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and Serum samples were separated from clot by centrifugation using bench top centrifuge. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using randox kit method. The relative liver weight for carbon tetrachloride treated group were significantly higher (p<0.001)><0.001) than the control. The extract exhibited a liver protective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity
Open-label dosing study to evaluate the safety and effects of a dietary plant-derived polisaccharide supplement on the N-glysocylation status of serum glycoporteins in healthy subjects
Groundbreaking report on the connection between innate immunity, gut bacteria and metabolism. Responsible for initial observation and centrally involved in experimental design and execution. Drafted most sections and edited final copy. Collected the majority of data and created the majority of figures. This manuscript represents the culmination of over 3 years of planning, experimentation and strategic publication.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Alteration in Protein Metabolic Profiles in Liver Tissue of Rats during Dimet...iosrjce
Dimethoate is the widely used organophosphorous insecticides in agriculture. The irrational use of
Dimethoate in Yemen play a crucial role in the occurrence of many diseases affecting plants, animals and man.
Dimethoate (DM) is used to kill mites and aphids among other insects and is applied on citrus, cotton, fruit,
olives, potatoes, tea, tobacco and vegetables. The aim of the present work was to study biochemical changes
that might occur in the liver of albino rats as a result of DM intoxication. In the present investigation the
animals were treated with 1/10th of LD50 of DM via oral gavage (34.5mg/kg body weight. The first group
animals were considered as control animals. Second group of animals were treated with Dimethoate via oral
gavage (34.5mg/kg body weight which is 1/10th of LD50) for 10 days, third and fourth groups of animals were
administered for 20 and 30 days with an interval of 48h respectively. The DM treated groups are AST and ALT
was selected in the present investigation showed an increment. The present findings indicate that chronic
exposure to DM has clear toxic effect on the liver of albino rats.
Examining Neurobehavioral Toxicity of Patulin in Adult ZebrafishQuang Nguyen
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Objective: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to reactive oxygen species formation and cell death in kidney tissue with injury and organ transplantation. Simvastatin (SIM) is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant agent. Alterations in I/R-induced acute kidney injury model with SIM treatment were analyzed.
Study Design: Wistar rats (n=28) were grouped into Sham, Ischemia, I/R, and I/R+SIM treated. Left rat kidney renal vessels were clamped for 60 minutes for ischemia, and the I/R group had 6 hours of reperfusion. 10 mg/kg SIM was given orally for 28 days. MDA, GSH, and MPO were analyzed. Kidney tissues were paraffin embedded, and primary antibodies TNF-α and caspase-3 were applied for immunohistochemistry.
Results: In the I/R group, intense inflammatory cell infiltration around the vessels and necrosis in the glomerular structures were observed. In the treated group, proximal and distal tubular cells were found to be close to normal. Immunoexpression of caspase-3 in the ischemia group was positive in degenerative glomeruli. In the treated group, TNF-α expression was negative in the glomerular structures. MDA and MPO levels were significantly increased in ischemia and I/R.
Conclusion: We suggest that SIM treatment improved kidney tissue structure and function in a model of I/R injury.
Keywords: caspase-3; immunohistochemistry; ischemia/reperfusion; kidney; MPO; simvastatin
Whey protein products and their combination with L-methionine prevent liver f...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Background: Body of literature are becoming pronounced that pathological condition in one organ of the body might have an effect on other distal organs owing to the fact, that the entire body metabolism is orchestrated centrally.
Pathological events occurring in an organ are likely to be extended to other organs. Pretreatment that minimize these events are presumed to be beneficial to the extended organs.
Methods: Following 30 min of ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion in the kidney, rats under anesthesia were sacrificed and blood sample collected through cardiac puncture. Serum level of troponin I, and activities of total creatine kinase (CK), mass creatine kinase (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma –glutamyl transferase (GGT) were estimated spectrophotometrically.
Results: Serum troponin I increased to 0.031 ± 0.001 ng/ml in the ischemic group, and following pretreatment with Lmm (600mg/kg), serum level of troponin I decreased significantly to 0.021 ± 0.001 ng/ml (P<.05).><.05),><.05)><.05).
Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 15 – 24, 2008
Advance Access publication 12 October 2007
doi:10.1093/alcalc/agm145
SEROTONERGIC ANTI-DEPRESSANTS AND ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL
SYNDROME: A REVIEW
I. TAYFUN UZBAY*
Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Etlik 06018 Ankara, Turkey
(Received 24 July 2007; in revised form 24 August 2007; accepted 3 September 2007;
advance access publication 12 October 2007)
Abstract — Aim: To review laboratory findings on the effects of anti-depressant agents that interact with the serotonergic
system on signs of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Method: Adult Wistar rats received a modified liquid diet to produce
ethanol dependence. Signs of ethanol withdrawal, locomotor hyperactivity, stereotyped behaviour, tremor, wet dog shakes, agitation,
and audiogenic seizures, were evaluated for the first 6 h of ethanol withdrawal. The effects of the anti-depressants fluoxetine,
venlafaxine, escitalopram, tianeptine, and extract of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) (HPE) were examined. Results: Some
beneficial effects of fluoxetine, tianeptine, HPE, escitalopram and venlafaxine on ethanol withdrawal signs were observed, ranked as
follows: fluoxetine = tianeptine > HPE > escitalopram > venlafaxine. Conclusions: Tianeptine and fluoxetine seem to be potent
pharmacologically active agents on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Thus, these anti-depressants may be useful in treatment of
ethanol withdrawal syndrome in patients with alcoholism. In addition to serotonergic effects, interactions with nitrergic, glutamatergic,
and adenosinergic systems may also provide a significant contribution to the beneficial effects of these drugs on ethanol withdrawal
syndrome.
INTRODUCTION
Ethanol abuse and dependence remain among the most com-
mon substance abuse problems worldwide. The discontinua-
tion of chronic administration of ethanol is associated with
excitatory withdrawal signs called ethanol withdrawal syn-
drome. Ethanol withdrawal syndrome is the most impor-
tant evidence, which indicates the development of a phys-
ical dependence to ethanol (O’Brien, 1996). Although the
signs of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in humans (Thompson,
1978) and rodents (Majchrowicz, 1975; Uzbay and Kayaalp,
1995; Uzbay et al ., 1997) have been well described, the
mechanisms underlying physical dependence to ethanol and
ethanol withdrawal syndrome are poorly understood. Among
the numerous neurotransmitter systems implicated in the phar-
macological effects of ethanol, the serotonergic system has
received particular attention. Serotonergic system has been
shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol
intake, preference, and dependence via central mechanisms
(Roy et al ., 1987; Rezvani et al ., 1990; Ferreria and Soares-
DaSilva, 1991; McBride et al ., 1991; Sellers et al ., 1992;
Wallis et al ., 1993; LeMarquand et al ., 1994; Uzbay et al .,
1998, 2000).
Depre ...
Oral toxic exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on serum biochemical ch...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in commercial food additives and cosmetics worldwide. Uptake of these nanoparticulate into humans by different routes and may exhibit potential side effects, lags behind the rapid development of nanotechnology. Thus, the present study designed to evaluate the toxic effect of mixed rutile and anatase TiO2 NPs on serum biochemical changes in rats.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, adult male Wistar rats were randomly allotted into the experimental and control groups (n=6), which were orally administered with 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight of TiO2 NPs. Toxic effects were assessed by the changes of serum biochemical parameters such as glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine. All the serum biochemical markers were experimented in rats, after 14-days of post exposure.
Results:
Changes of the serum specific parameters indicated that liver and kidney were significantly affected in both experimental groups. The changes between the levels of total protein, glucose, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase indicate that TiO2 NPs induces liver damage. Significant increase in the blood urea nitrogen and uric acid indicates the renal damage in the TiO2 NPs treated rats.
Conclusion:
The data shows that the oral administration of TiO2 NPs (<100nm) may lead to hepatic and renal toxicity in experimental rats.
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, a setting in which the functional mass is ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Liver ischemia reperfusion is induced during sur-gical procedures like liver transplantation and re-section. Multiple mechanisms have been postulat-ed to liver damage following liver ischemia reperfu-sion injury, such as oxidative stress and inflamma-tory reactions. The present study declares the pos-sible mechanism of tadalafil, toward modulating the inflammatory response. Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups as follows; Sham group sub-jected to midline laparotomy only. Tadalafil group administered Tadalafil 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal 45 min before sham operation. I/R (Ischemia-reperfusion) group, rats undergo 60 min of hepatic ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Tada-lafil + I/R group rats undergo a similar pattern of I/R after the treatment with Tadalafil 10 mg/kg, 45 min before ischemia. At the end of the reperfusion, the blood samples were collected for estimation of biochemical markers including liver enzymes using colorimetric assay method and serum: TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-6 (interleukin 6) le-vels, ICAM- 1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) were measured. Tissues were evaluated by semi-quantitative and morphometrical approaches. Ta-dalafil succeeded in restoring normal levels of liverenzymes and ameliorating the oxidative stress as evidenced by decreasing MDA and restoring redu-ced glutathione levels in liver tissue homogenate. Also, Tadalafil exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, as it significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL6 and ICAM-1. The findings are supported by BCL-2, TNF-α immunomarkers. It is concluded that modulation of the inflammatory response might be one of the mechanisms of Tadalafil-mediated he-patoprotection, so it is recommended as an adju-vant therapy in liver surgery.Keywords: Ischemia/reperfusion injury – Oxidative stress – Apoptosis – TNF-α – BCL-2
These days we have an increased number of heart diseases including increased risk of heart attacks. Our proposed system users sensors that allow to detect heart rate of a person using heartbeat sensing even if the person is at home. The sensor is then interfaced to a microcontroller that allows checking heart rate readings and transmitting them over internet. The user may set the high as well as low levels of heart beat limit. After setting these limits, the system starts monitoring and as soon as patient heart beat goes above a certain limit, the system sends an alert to the controller which then transmits this over the internet and alerts the doctors as well as concerned users. Also the system alerts for lower heartbeats. Whenever the user logs on for monitoring, the system also displays the live heart rate of the patient. Thus concerned ones may monitor heart rate as well get an alert of heart attack to the patient immediately from anywhere and the person can be saved on time.This value will continue to grow if no proper solution is found. Internet of Things (IoT) technology developments allows humans to control a variety of high-tech equipment in our daily lives. One of these is the ease of checking health using gadgets, either a phone, tablet or laptop. we mainly focused on the safety measures for both driver and vehicle by using three types of sensors: Heartbeat sensor, Traffic light sensor and Level sensor. Heartbeat sensor is used to monitor heartbeat rate of the driver constantly and prevents from the accidents by controlling through IOT.
ABSTRACT The success of the cloud computing paradigm is due to its on-demand, self-service, and pay-by-use nature. Public key encryption with keyword search applies only to the certain circumstances that keyword cipher text can only be retrieved by a specific user and only supports single-keyword matching. In the existing searchable encryption schemes, either the communication mode is one-to-one, or only single-keyword search is supported. This paper proposes a searchable encryption that is based on attributes and supports multi-keyword search. Searchable encryption is a primitive, which not only protects data privacy of data owners but also enables data users to search over the encrypted data. Most existing searchable encryption schemes are in the single-user setting. There are only few schemes in the multiple data users setting, i.e., encrypted data sharing. Among these schemes, most of the early techniques depend on a trusted third party with interactive search protocols or need cumbersome key management. To remedy the defects, the most recent approaches borrow ideas from attribute-based encryption to enable attribute-based keyword search (ABKS
Cloud computing is the one of the emerging techniques to process the big data. Large collection of set or large
volume of data is known as big data. Processing of big data (MRI images and DICOM images) normally takes
more time compare with other data. The main tasks such as handling big data can be solved by using the concepts
of hadoop. Enhancing the hadoop concept it will help the user to process the large set of images or data. The
Advanced Hadoop Distributed File System (AHDF) and MapReduce are the two default main functions which
are used to enhance hadoop. HDF method is a hadoop file storing system, which is used for storing and retrieving
the data. MapReduce is the combinations of two functions namely maps and reduce. Map is the process of
splitting the inputs and reduce is the process of integrating the output of map’s input. Recently, in medical fields
the experienced problems like machine failure and fault tolerance while processing the result for the scanned
data. A unique optimized time scheduling algorithm, called Advanced Dynamic Handover Reduce Function
(ADHRF) algorithm is introduced in the reduce function. Enhancement of hadoop and cloud introduction of
ADHRF helps to overcome the processing risks, to get optimized result with less waiting time and reduction in
error percentage of the output image
Text mining has turned out to be one of the in vogue handle that has been joined in a few research
fields, for example, computational etymology, Information Retrieval (IR) and data mining. Natural
Language Processing (NLP) methods were utilized to extricate learning from the textual text that is
composed by people. Text mining peruses an unstructured form of data to give important
information designs in a most brief day and age. Long range interpersonal communication locales
are an awesome wellspring of correspondence as the vast majority of the general population in this
day and age utilize these destinations in their everyday lives to keep associated with each other. It
turns into a typical practice to not compose a sentence with remedy punctuation and spelling. This
training may prompt various types of ambiguities like lexical, syntactic, and semantic and because of
this kind of indistinct data; it is elusive out the genuine data arrange. As needs be, we are directing
an examination with the point of searching for various text mining techniques to get different
textual requests via web-based networking media sites. This review expects to depict how
contemplates in online networking have utilized text investigation and text mining methods to
identify the key topics in the data. This study concentrated on examining the text mining
contemplates identified with Facebook and Twitter; the two prevailing web-based social networking
on the planet. Aftereffects of this overview can fill in as the baselines for future text mining research.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has potential to spread within the peritoneal cavity, and this transcoelomic
dissemination is termed “peritoneal metastases” (PM).The aim of this article was to summarise the current
evidence regarding CRC patients at high risk of PM. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer
death in the UK. Prompt investigation of suspicious symptoms is important, but there is increasing evidence that
screening for the disease can produce significant reductions in mortality.High quality surgery is of paramount
importance in achieving good outcomes, particularly in rectal cancer, but adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy
have important parts to play. The treatment of advanced disease is still essentially palliative, although surgery for
limited hepatic metastases may be curative in a small proportion of patients.
Heat transfer in pipes is a distinctive kind of procedure employed in heat exchanger which transfers great
deal of heat because of the impact of capillary action and phase change heat transfer principle. Late improvement
in the heat pipe incorporates high thermal conductivity liquids like Nano liquids, fixed inside to extricate the most
extreme heat. This paper audits, impact of different factors, for example, thermal pipe tilt edge, charged measure
of working liquid, nano particles sort, size, and mass/volume part and its impact on the change of thermal
proficiency, thermal exchange limit and decrease in thermal protection. The Nano liquid arrangement and the
examination of its thermal attributes likewise have been investigated. The retained sun oriented vitality is
exchanged to the working liquid streaming in the pipe. The execution of the framework is affected by thermal
exchange from tube to working liquid, with least convective misfortunes, which must be considered as one of the
essential plan factor. In tube and channel streams, to improve the rate of heat exchange to the working liquid,
detached enlargement methods, for example, contorted tapes and swirl generators are employed from the fluid
flow path. The variation of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in the pipe flow for water and water based
Al2O3 Nano fluids at different volume concentrations and twisted tapes are studied.
Now-a-day’s pedal powered grinding machine is used only for grinding purpose. Also, it requires lots of efforts
and limited for single application use. Another problem in existing model is that it consumed more time and also has
lower efficiency. Our aim is to design a human powered grinding machine which can also be used for many purposes
like pumping, grinding, washing, cutting, etc. it can carry water to a height 8 meter and produces 4 ampere of electricity
in most effective way. The system is also useful for the health conscious work out purpose. The purpose of this technical
study is to increase the performance and output capacity of pedal powered grinding machine.
This project proposes a distributed control approach to coordinate multiple energy storage units
(ESUs) to avoid violation of voltage and network load constraints ESU as a buffer can be a promising
solution which can store surplus power during the peak generation periods and use it in peak load
periods.In ESU converters both active and reactive power are used to deal with the power quality
issues in distribution network ESU’s reactive power is proposed to be used for voltage support, while
the active power is to be utilized in managing network loading.
The steady increase in non-linear loads on the power supply network such as, AC variable speed drives,
DC variable Speed drives, UPS, Inverter and SMPS raises issues about power quality and reliability. In this
subject, attention has been focused on harmonics . Harmonics overload the power system network and cause
reliability problems on equipment and system and also waste energy. Passive and active harmonic filters are
used to mitigate harmonic problems. The use of both active and passive filter is justified to mitigate the
harmonics. The difficulty for practicing engineers is to select and deploy correct harmonic filters , This paper
explains which solutions are suitable when it comes to choosing active and passive harmonic filters and also
explains the mistakes need to be avoided.
This Paper is aimed at analyzing the few important Power System equipment failures generally
occurring in the Industrial Power Distribution system. Many such general problems if not resolved it may
lead to huge production stoppage and unforeseen equipment damages. We can improve the reliability of
Power system by simply applying the problem solving tool for every case study and finding out the root cause
of the problem, validation of root cause and elimination by corrective measures. This problem solving
approach to be practiced by every day to improve the power system reliability. This paper will throw the light
and will be a guide for the Practicing Electrical Engineers to find out the solution for every problem which
they come across in their day to day maintenance activity.
Today internet security is a serious problem. For every consumer and business that is on the Internet,
viruses, worms and crackers are a few security threats. There are the obvious tools that aid information security
professionals against these problems such as anti-virus software, firewalls and intrusion detection systems, but
these systems can only react to or prevent attacks-they cannot give us information about the attacker, the tools
used or even the methods employed. Given all of these security questions honeypots are a novel approach to
network security and security research alike. It is a resource, which is intended to be attacked and compromised to
gain more information about the attacker and the used tools. It can also be deployed to attract and divert an
attacker from their real targets. Honeypots is an additional layer of security. Honeypots have the big advantage that
they do not generate false alerts as each observed traffic is suspicious, because no productive components are
running on the system. The levels of interaction determines the amount of functionality a honeypots provides that
is low and high interactions.
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1. 1
Histopathological and biochemical changes induced by
toluene subcutaneous administration in rabbits
Wasfi Dhahir Abid Ali
Department of basic sciences College of nursing -university of Iraq –Ph.D in physiology
Email- Wasfi.Abid_ali@uobasrah.edu.iq
Abstract
The liver is the main organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs and toxic chemicals,
and so is the primary target organ for many organic solvents. The rabbits in group II ( treated
with 0.3 cm of toluene 97% S/s for 6 weeks, At the end of the experimental period, liver and
blood samples were taken from the decapitated animals. Serum aspartate aminotransferase
(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were determined. Liver
tissue sections were stained with routine histological methods and examined under the light
microscope. The results revealed significant increase on liver enzymes level as well as liver
tissue changes.
Introduction
Although a number of industrial chemicals are known to be hepatotoxins, liver disease from
occupational exposure is rarely suspected or diagnosed (Giulia et al.,2012). Chemically toluene
is a hydrocarbon that is rapidly absorbed through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and,
to a lesser extent, through the skin (Campagna et al., 2001). Studies by Franco 1991 have
suggested organic solvents may induce liver toxicity ] because most chemicals are metabolized
in the liver and toxic metabolites generated through the metabolism are the main cause of liver
damage. Toxic hepatitis is characterized by different degrees of steatosis and fibrosis, which can
lead to cirrhosis(Giulia et al.,2012). Sharp(1997) sited that Exposure to inhalants occurs
primarily via pulmonary absorption, and significantly less absorption takes place through the
skin or gastrointestinal tract. Most inhaled toluene is metabolized in the liver by conversion to
2. 2
benzoic acid by two enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase (Greenberg
1997).
Experimental procedure
Ten adult male rabbits , weighing 950- 1200 g, were allotted in two experimental groups.
The animals were purchased from a local market and housed in individual cages (360 · 200 · 190
mm) the animal were available ad libitum Food and tap water for both groups , the first group
take normal saline 0.9% Na CL while the second group received 0.3 ml of toluene(97%)/Kg
B.W subcutaneously daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment , blood were drown via
cardiac puncture after anesthetized by intramuscular injection of mixture xylazine2% (Alfasan-
Holland) and ketamine10%(Kepro -Holland), 5 ml of blood samples were collected from each
rabbit by heart puncture then they were put in tubes centrifuged ( 3500 r pm for 15 minute) and
the serum that was obtained, transferred to Eppendorf tube kept until analysis for, liver enzymes
and biochemical . animals scarified and studied organ were isolated in 10% formalin for path-
histological examination .
Results and discussion
The stress of exposure to toluene stimulated liver enzymes . The present study revealed
significant elevation in AST, ALT and ALP activation in group of rabbits treated s/c (0.3 /kg
B.W toluene ) for 6 week compared with control group where rabbits received 1ml normal
saline(0.9% NaCl).(0table (1)
3. 3
A number of animal studies have reported increased liver sizes or histological changes in
mice or rats repeatedly exposed to concentrations , Toluene inhalation significantly increased
serum ALT, AST and tissues(Tas et al., 2011).
Increased liver weights and increased serum levels of liver enzymes have been reported in rats
repeatedly exposed to toluene at doses greater than 1,125 mg/m3 (300 ppm) for at least 6 hours a
day Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR 2000). Toluene and its
metabolites have been studied with respect to their reactive oxygen species-enhancing potential (
Cara et al ., 1983).
Murat et al.,(2013) found that the level of plasma transaminase to be increased in toluene
administered rats. Additionally, slight degeneration of hepatocyte and mononuclear cell
infiltration was observed in the liver tissue sections as well as their study showed that the high
dose of toluene triggers apoptosis in the liver of rats via the mitochondrial pathway in acute
period.
Toluene alters the lipid structure of the cell wall and interacts with proteins due to its lipophilic
nature. In acute doses, it increases membrane fluidity by significantly elevating the Na/K-
ATPase activity (Calderón-Guzmán et al., 2005). Some researchers reported that toluene causes
tissue damage by increasing the oxygen radicals (Karabulut et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2003).
Toluene, after being absorbed, can be found, in a decreasing order, in fat tissue (white and brown
adipose tissues), stomach, liver, kidneys, bone marrow, brain, and spleen Health Protection
Agency (HPA),(2007 ) . Five hours after toluene is taken, it reaches the maximum level in the
adipose tissue. High levels of toluene can be found in the liver and brain of people who have
died of glue sniffing Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2005),
Subcutaneous administration of toluene (0.3cm/Kg B.W ) caused histopathological changes in
rabbits liver after 6 weeks ,Cross section of liver showed congested central vein , flattening and
vacillation of hepatocytes ,enlarged pyknotic nuclei of hepatocytes,with disarrangement of
hepatic architecture(Figure 2). compared with control group(Figure 1). Toluene alters the lipid
4. 4
structure of the cell wall and interacts with proteins due to its lipophilic nature. In acute doses, it
increases membrane fluidity by significantly elevating the Na/K-ATPase activity (Calderón-
Guzmán et al., 2005). Some researchers reported that toluene causes tissue damage by increasing
the oxygen radicals (Karabulut et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2003).
Figure (1) Normal cross section in rabbit liver tissue of control group (H&E) x 400
Figure (3) Cross section in rabbit liver treated with toluene administration showing
congested central vein and disarrangement of hepatocyte (H&E) x 400
5. 5
Subcutaneous administration of toluene (0.3cm/Kg B.W ) caused histopathological
changes in rabbits liver after 6 weeks ,Cross section of liver showed congested central vein ,
flattening and vacillation of hepatocytes ,enlarged pyknotic nuclei of hepatocytes,with
disarrangement of hepatic architecture(Figure 2). compared with control group(Figure 1).
Toluene alters the lipid structure of the cell wall and interacts with proteins due to its lipophilic
nature. In acute doses, it increases membrane fluidity by significantly elevating the Na/K-
ATPase activity (Calderón-Guzmán et al., 2005). Some researchers reported that toluene causes
tissue damage by increasing the oxygen radicals (Karabulut et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2003).
Acknowledgement
My sincere gratefulness and thanks to Mr Luaa A Shehab and extend my thanks and
gratitude to. Prof. of physiology Dr. Ali Abid Allateef
References
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toluene,. US Department of Health and Human Services: Atlanta, US.
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toluene and nutritional status on serotonin, lipid peroxidation levels and NA+/K+-
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6. 6
Franco G. (1991)New perspectives in biomonitoring liver function by means of serum bile
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cells,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 960–966,
Murat Ayan, Ufuk Tas, Erkan Sogut(2013)The apoptotic effect of a high dose of toluene on
liver tissue during the acute phase: an experimental study.
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