Roland Barthes identified 5 narrative codes that can be seen in any story: 1) The Hermeneutic Code refers to mysterious elements that are not fully explained to deliberately confuse or intrigue the reader. 2) The Proairetic Code builds tension by referring to actions and events and getting the reader to predict what will happen next. 3) The Semantic Code gives words and phrases extra meanings beyond their literal definitions. 4) The Symbolic Code organizes semantic meanings into deeper sets of interconnected meanings, often through opposing ideas. 5) The Cultural Code refers to elements grounded in cultural traditions like myths, religions, or beliefs that are seen as inherently true.