This document discusses the properties of rocks and minerals and how they are formed. It contains the following key points: 1. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks can be differentiated based on their properties and formation processes. Common rock-forming and ore minerals can be identified using diagnostic properties. 2. Igneous rocks form from cooled lava and magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed layers of sediment and may contain fossils, and metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks subjected to heat and pressure. 3. The rock cycle illustrates how rocks continuously change from one type to another through geological processes over long periods of time.

1. Mr Parkes

2.  Earth Sciences
 4. The properties of rocks and minerals reflect the
processes that formed them.
As a basis for understanding this concept, students know:
a. how to differentiate among igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks by their properties and methods of
formation (the rock cycle).
b. how to identify common rock-forming minerals (including
quartz, calcite, feldspar, mica, and hornblende) and ore
minerals using a table of diagnostic properties.

3. Crystals Fossils Gas bubbles Glassy Ribbonlike Sand or
Small, flat Imprints of "Holes," like surface layers pebbles
surfaces that leaves, Swiss A shiny and Straight or Individual
are shiny or
shells, cheese, in the smooth wavy stripes stones,
sparkly, like
tiny mirrors. insects, or rock. surface, like of different pebbles, or
other items colored colors in the sand grains
glass rock. visible in the
in the rock.
rock.

4. Igneous-”Firemade” from
cooled lava
Metamorphic-created from
heat and pressure
Sedimentary-pebbles and
gravel form layers
sometimes with fossils

5. All rocks on earth were
originally igneous as
that's the only method
entirely new rock can
be formed. Basalt

6. Crystallize from molten material
Rhyolite
Quick cooling = fine grains
Slow cooling = coarse grains
Magma - below the Earth's surface
Lava - erupts onto the Earth's surface
Obsidian = volcanic glass

7.  Igneous rocks are  Lava Erupting
recognized by:
 the interlocking texture of
the grains
 the presence of vesicles
(holes) in extrusive igneous
rocks
 may be dark-colored and
heavy
 may display two grain
sizes, one much larger
than the other

8. Animations

9.  Sedimentary rocks are
recognized by:
 grains cemented
together
 the presence of fossils
 light-colored and light
weight
 may display interlocking
grains but is very light
weight

11.  Igneous Rock Formation


12.  Metamorphic rocks  Gneiss Rocks
are recognized by:
 the interlocking
texture of large grains
 foliation (layering)
•Schist Rocks
 banded light and dark
colors
 "ching" sound instead
of a "chunk" sound
when tapped

13. Mylonite –forms along
fault zones
Heat & Pressure

14.  Define the rock cycle. Use a simple diagram
with lables
 http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/K12/rkcycle/
rkcycleindex.html

15.  5. Waves, wind, water, and ice shape and reshape the Earth's land
surface.
As a basis for understanding this concept, students know:
a. some changes in the Earth are due to slow processes, such as erosion,
and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides,
volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.
b. natural processes, including freezing/thawing and growth of roots,
cause rocks to break down into smaller pieces.
c. moving water erodes landforms, reshaping the land by taking it away
from some places and depositing it as pebbles, sand, silt, and mud in
other places (weathering, transport, and deposition).