Robots come in many forms and serve various purposes. Some robots travel through dangerous places like space, the bottom of the ocean, or inside volcanoes to do work that is impossible or unsafe for humans. Other robots work in factories performing repetitive tasks that are dull, dirty, or dangerous for people. Many industrial robots are used for assembly line work in automotive plants. Robots can operate 24/7 without breaks and perform tasks quickly, consistently, and accurately. While robots have advantages, they also present challenges as they may replace human jobs and require maintenance and energy to function.

2. What is a robot?
All robots are intelligent machines. They
are made up of two elements:
1. They have got a body.
2. When you programme them, they
work automatically.

3. The most common types of robots are…
1. Mobile Robots.
2. Stationary Robots.
3. Autonomous Robots.
4. Remote- controlled Robots
5. Virtual Robots.

4. Mobile Robots
Mobile Robots are of two types….
Rolling Robots
Rolling robots have wheels to move
around.
They can quickly and easily search.
However they can only be useful in flat
areas.
Walking Robots
Robots on leg are usually used when the
terrain is rocky. Most robots have at
least 4 legs; usually they have 6 or
more.

5. Stationary Robots
Robots are not only used to explore
areas or copy a human being.
Most robots perform repeating tasks
without moving.
Most robots are ‘working’ in industry
settings and are stationary .
Autonomous Robots
Autonomous robots are self
supporting or in other words self
contained. In a way they rely on their
own ‘brains’.

6. Remote- controlled Robots
A person can guide a robot by remote
controls.
A person can perform difficult and
usually dangerous tasks without being
there.
Virtual Robots
Virtual robots don’t exits in real
life. Virtual robots are just
programs, building blocks of
software inside a computer.

7. Advantages…
They can travel through space, work on the
bottom of the ocean, or go inside volcanoes.
They are useful for this kind of work as it is
‘’dull, dirty and dangerous and
where a specific action needs to be repeated.
They can work 24/7 without salary and
food. Plus they don’t get tired and bored.
They can perform tasks faster than human
and much more consistently and accurately.
Most of them work automatically.

8. Disadvantages…
People can lose jobs in factories.
They need a supply of power.
They need maintenance to keep it
running.
It lost lots of money to make or buy a
robot.

9. History of robots:
1400 BC
Babylonians develop the clepsydra, a clock that
measures time using the flow of water. It's considered
one of the first "robotic" devices in history

10. Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a mechanical
man in 1495.
This robot is
based on
drawings by
Leonardo da
Vinci

11. The word robot comes from the Czech word
robota, meaning compulsory labor. It was
first used to describe fabricated workers in a
fictional 1920s play by Czech author Karel
Capek called Rossum’s Universal Robots
(R.U.R).

12. The first industrial robots were Unimates developed by
George Devol and Joe Engelberger in 1961.

13. Public fascination with robotics peaked in 1977 in Star
Wars films, which featured robots C3-PO and R2-D2
as helpful sidekicks to the their human masters.

14. Honda introduced robot ASIMO in 2000.

15. Most robots today industrial robots.
Humans use them to make work easier
and quicker. You often see them in car
factories where they put the cars
together. They are useful for this kind of
work as it is ‘dull, dirty and dangerous’-
DDD. Robots are often used for DDD
jobs and where a specific action needs
to be repeated. It is very difficult for
humans to do this.

16. There are many different types of
robots. Some robots travel through
space, work on the bottom of the
ocean, or go inside volcanoes. They
do the work of people, but for a different
reason this time: these are places that
are very dangerous for people, or
impossible for people to go to.

17. Robots are everywhere. Most people
don’t know that robots help us every day
and in many different ways. In most
houses there are robots. For example,
in some houses today there is a
washing machine in the kitchen.
Washing machines are robots. People
can programme them and then they
wash clothes automatically.

18. Some scientists make robots for fun. For
example, the dogs in this photo.
Japan produces the most robots. Every
year in the capital, Tokyo, there is a robot
exhibition called Robodex. It is the
largest robot exhibition in the world.

19. Use the words below to make a sentence.
1. easier/ Robots/ make/ quicker
2. do/ difficult/ people/ ‘dull, dirty and dangerous jobs’.
3. robots/ types/ different
4. People/ programme/ robots / do/ work/ autimatically.
5. Robodex/ exhibition/ largest/ the world.
Robots make work/life easier and quicker.
It is difficult for people to do ‘dull, dirty and
dangerous jobs’.
There are many different types of robots.
People can programme robots to do work
automatically.
Robodex is the largest robot exhibition in the
world.

20. Industrial /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.əl/ (a) connected
to industry

21. dull /dʌl/ (a) lacking brightness

22. dangerous /ˈdeɪn.dʒər.əs/ (a) likely to
injure or harm sb

23. space/ speɪs/ (n) an empty area that
available to be used

24. Bottom of the ocean: the lowest part
of the sea

25. inside volcanoes: the inner part of
the mountain with lava

26. washing machine/ ˈwɒʃ.ɪŋ məˈʃiːn/ (n)
the machine for washing clothes

27. programme /ˈprəʊ.ɡræm/(v) to give a
machine instructions to do a particular
task

28. automatically/ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪ.kəl.i/ (adv):
work without controlling of people

29. scientist /ˈsaɪən.tɪst/ (n) a person who
studies about science

30. produce/prəˈdjuːs/ (v) to make things to
be sold, especially in large quantities

31. exhibition/ˌek.sɪˈbɪʃ.ən/ (n) a
collection of things

32. Do you use ... in the morning?/on the way to
school?/at school?
Do you think a ... is a robot?
How many robots do you use in the morning?/.../all
day?
Yes, I do. I think that a
... is a robot. We can
programme it and it
works automatically.
No, I don’t. I think that a
... is not a robot. We cannot
programme it to work
automatically.

33. Do you use ... in the morning?/on the way to
school?/at school?
Do you think a ... is a robot?
How many robots do you use in the morning?/.../all
day?
Yes, I do. I think that a
... is a robot. We can
programme it and it
works automatically.
No, I don’t. I think that a
... is not a robot. We cannot
programme it to work
automatically.

34. Most incredible robots!