This document provides an overview of robots, including their essential parts and types. It describes what a robot is, the key components that robots require like sensing, movement, energy and intelligence. It outlines different types of robots for industrial, domestic, medical and other applications. The document discusses the essential electronics and mechanical components needed for building robots, such as breadboards, sensors, motors, and integrated circuits. It provides examples of basic robot types like line followers that detect black and white surfaces using light sensors.

1. Narayani Nareshkumar
VIT University- Chennai

2. Overview
 What is a robot?
 What are the essential parts of a robot?
 Different types of robots
 Essentials before making a robot
 Main components of electronics
 Mechanical components
 Digital ICs
 Pins of ICs
 Line follower robot

3. What is a Robot?
 A machine
 Performs any human task
 Operates automatically / by remote control
 May / may not resemble a human
 Follows a routine

4. What are the essential parts of a
robot?
A robot has these essential characteristics:
 Sensing
 Movement
 Energy
 Intelligence

5. Different types of robot
 Industrial robots
 Domestic or household robots
 Medical robots
 Service robots
 Military robots
 Entertainment robots
 Space robots
 Hobby and competition robots

6. What you need to know before you
start making a robot?
Robot
Electronic
Knowledge of
components
Making a
circuit-bread
board and PCB
Mechanical
Purpose
Knowledge of
components

7. Main components in Electronics
 Bread Board
 Multi meter
 Resistor
 Capacitor
 Diodes
 LED
 IR LEDs
 LDRs
 Power supply
 Voltage regulators
 Switches
 Transistors
 Sensors –LDRs, Photo diode, temperature sensors

8. Bread board

9. Multi-meter

10. Resistor

11. Capacitor

12. Diodes

13. LEDs

14. LDRs

15. Mechanical components
 Motors
DC motor
Stepper motor
servo motor

16. Digital ICs in Robotics
 ICs integrated circuits

17. Pins of ICs

18. Pins of ICs

19. Some basic robots
Line follower
 Problem Statement: Robot has to move on black line on a
white surface
 Principle: white colour reflects light
black colour absorbs light.
1. Electronic part
2. Mechanical part
 According to this principle if there are two wheels in a vehicle
and 1 moves forward &other moves back ward then the vehicle
turns left or right as:-
CASE1:- if the right wheels moves clockwise and the left wheel
moves anticlockwise then it will turn left.
CASE2:-if the left wheel moves clockwise and right wheel moves
anticlockwise then vehicle will turns right.

20. Some other robots…
 Edge detector robots
 Remote controlled robots
 Colour sensing robots