1) The document is a geography worksheet about rivers that contains 3 questions. 2) The first question discusses the formation of a gorge through river erosion over long periods of time cutting down through resistant rock. 3) The second question addresses how waterfalls can form from differences in rock resistance leading to changes in river gradient, or from faulting and displacement of rocks. 4) The third question notes that floodplains and deltas both involve deposition, but floodplains only receive sediments during floods while deltas extend into seas and are constantly fed materials transported by rivers.

1. NAN HUA HIGH SCHOOL
Secondary 3 GEOGRAPHY
Chapter 12 – RIVERS
Name: ___________________________________ ( ) Worksheet: 5
Class: ________________ Date: _________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Answer the following questions:
1. Study Fig. 1 below.
Identify the landform shown in Fig. 1 and describe the river process leading to its
formation.
Fig. 1 shows a gorge which is formed by river erosion over a long period of time. A
gorge is an extremely deep, narrow and steep-sided valley formed by the vertical
erosion of a river. The area which the river flows through must be made of resistant
rocks, and hence the river could only erode downwards, causing the channel to
become deeper, rather than wider. At the same time, the energy of the river must have
been very high in order to cut through the rocks.
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2. 2. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show two ways in which a waterfall is formed.
Fig. 2 Fig.3
Discuss the role of erosion in the formation of the waterfall shown in each figure.
Erosion plays an important role in the formation of waterfall as shown in Fig. 2, where
the waterfall is formed through the erosion of rocks of different resistance. The river
erodes the less resistant rock more rapidly and this causes a change in the gradient of
the river course. Over time, the river plunges from a great height to hit the river bed
below with a tremendous force, forming a waterfall. Figure 3 shows the formation of
waterfall as a result of faulting, or the displacement of rocks. When the river flows
through the edge of the uplifted rock, a waterfall is formed.
3. Describe one similarity and one difference in the processes involved in the formation
of a floodplain and a delta.
Similarities: Both are depositional landforms. The rivers that form both landforms carry
a heavy load of sediments.
A delta extends towards the sea or ocean while a floodplain develops on either side of
the river after floods. A delta is constantly fed by materials transported and deposited
by the river while a floodplain is dependant on floods to supply it with ‘new’ materials.
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