Risk Assessment Guide for Construction Companies

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Task Risk Assessment

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Admin/Acquaintance….
Register in Attendance Sheet
Self Introduction
• Name , Role , Experience …
Expectations from the course...

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TCS - the first Local company with International Accreditations in Azerbaijan
Services:
• Training - HSE, Plant, Lifting, Quality Assurance and other trade specific trainings
• Inspection and Maintenance Services – Inspection and Maintenance of Lifting, Electrical
Equipment, Oilfield Plant and Machinery, NDT Services, Calibration etc.)
• Consulting – Business & Technical Consulting with support of developing technical
procedures and processes, Onsite audit and inspections, Coaching etc.)
• Registration of different trade operatives with MES, providing MES books.
Major Clients – International and Local Companies work in Azerbaijan.
Local and international accreditations and licences:
Counties We Operate: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan
Who we are…

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 I want to learn
 I want to Improve my skills
 I need refresh knowledge and updates
 I need certificate
 I don’t know why I am here , someone in the office told me
to join this training.
Why Are we here? - Group Discussion.

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Group Workshop

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Learning Objectives
• Day One:
o Session 1: Identify Hazards in the Workplace
o Session 2: Risk Assessment & Risk Quantification
o Session 3: Risk Assessment Practical Application

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What is a Risk Assessment?
• A Risk Assessment is a careful examination of anything in your work
environment that could cause injury or ill health
• A Risk Assessment helps protect:
o You
o Others
o Your company
o The Environment

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Risk Assessment
Objectives of Risk Assessment; Prevention of Workplace Accidents
• Risk Assessment involves:
o The identification of Hazards
o Identification of the population at Risk
o The Evaluation of the Risks from the Hazards
o Recording significant findings & the implementation of them
o Reviewing the Risk Assessment & updating it if necessary

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Napo – Hidden Hazards

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Risk Assessment
Legal Requirements
• The International Labour Office (ILO) has established a number of
Health & Safety Conventions, recommendations & guidance
• Conducting Health & Safety Risk Assessments is part of the principles
& practices established by these requirements
• A growing number of countries have established specific Legal
Requirements relating to Risk Assessments

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Assess the Risk
• In small groups discuss the following images and consider:
o Why are people working in this manner?
o What injury could occur?
o What precautions could make this job safer?
o Have you ever done anything similar?
o How would you feel if this was someone you loved?

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Fire & Rescue

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Electricity

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Site Transport

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PPE

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Risk Factors – Personal Behaviour
How can we:
• Influence people’s behaviour so they accept and use the controls
specified on a risk assessments?
• What factors can influence an individual’s behaviour in any case?

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Factors Affecting Personal Behaviour
• Habits
• Addiction - to mind and/or mood changing drugs
• ‘Learned behaviour’ - ‘conditioning’
• Motivation - the satisfaction of needs
• Values, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions

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Risk Assessments

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What is Risk?
• To ensure a safe work environment, you need to understand the
definition of risk.
• To define risk, we first need to take a look at a few basic terms…

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Hazards
• What is a Hazard?

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Hazards
• Are these Hazards?

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Hazard Definition
• A hazard is ANYTHING with the potential to cause harm

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Hazards
Hazards can include:
• Articles, for example, tools such as chisels
• Substances & chemicals such as pesticides or cement
• Plant or machines, for example, mobile cranes or a fixed grinder for
sharpening tools
• Methods of work, for example, production line workers or workers at
height
• The working environment, for example, cold environments such as a
frozen food storage warehouse or hot & humid ones such as an
industrial laundry
• Other aspects of work organisation such as shift or lone working

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Hazards
• For a hazard to cause harm a hazardous event must occur
o Someone / something must interact with the hazard

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Risk
• Risk is.........

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Risk
• The Likelihood.......
o The chance of the hazardous event occurring

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Risk
• And the Severity.........
o The outcome of the hazardous event

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Risk
• Risk = Likelihood X Severity

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Risk
Risk:
• The Risk from a substance is the likelihood that it will harm a person
in the actual circumstances of use & the severity of the harm it will
cause
• This will depend upon:
o The Hazard presented by the substance
o How it is controlled
o Who is exposed, to how much & for how long, & what they are
doing

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Acceptable Risk
Acceptable Risk:
• An Acceptable Risk is Risk that has been reduced to a level that can
be tolerated by the organisation in respect of:
o Legal Duties
o Company’ Safety Policy
o Company’ Safety Procedures

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Risk
Meaning of Hazard & Risk & Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment:
“To evaluate the risk(s) arising from the hazard(s), identifying preventive
and protective measures, taking into account the adequacy of any
existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk is acceptable”

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Risk Assessment
Criteria for a ‘Suitable & Sufficient’ Risk Assessment
The Risk Assessment should be appropriate to the nature of the work &
should identify the period of time for which it is likely to remain valid

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Risk Assessment
• The Risk Assessment should be conducted in a systematic way
• A step-by-step approach will assist in assuring that a suitable &
sufficient Risk Assessment is conducted
• One common step-by-step approach, originally developed by the UK
Health & Safety Executive & endorsed globally, involves:
o Identify Hazards
o Identify the population at Risk
o Evaluating Risk & adequacy of current Controls
o Recording significant Findings
o Reviewing the Assessment

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Risk Assessment Failures
There are 5 Common Mistakes Made when undertaking a Risk
Assessment:
• Done only for Legal Reasons
o There is a Legal Requirement, but the prime reason for carrying
out Risk Assessments is that they are a key tool in how you
manage Safety; without assessment, you cannot adequately
manage the Risks

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• Done from the desktop
o Risk Assessment cannot be done from the desktop. You have to
review the operations and discuss what actually happens (not
what should happen)
• Covering only Control Measures in place
o Risk Assessments should include: What actions do we need to
take to get in control? What action do we need to take to stay in
control?

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• No Management Plan
o An output of your Risk Assessments is a list of actions in
descending order of Risk so that you can tackle the big issues first
• No Ranking
o To get an overview of all Risks ranking them so that the serious
risks are at the top of the list

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Napo - Risk Assessment Failures

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Risk Assessment
• 5 steps to Risk Assessment

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Step 1
Identifying Hazards
Sources & Form of Harm
• Sources of Hazard may be related to:
o People - may carry infections or be violent
o Equipment - mechanical or electrical Hazards
o Materials - may be sharp, heavy or toxic
o Environment - height or slipperiness
o Systems/situations - the way work is carried out may put undue
pressure on a worker

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Step 1
Identifying Hazards
• Examples of the Form a Hazard takes include:
o Slippery surfaces
o Height
o Sharp edges
o Unstable items
o Heavy items
o Poor ergonomic layout
o Asphyxiate materials
o Electricity
o Toxic substances
o Moving vehicles
o Noise
o Work pressure

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Step 1
Identifying Hazards
• The identification of Hazards can be done in many ways
• For complex activities it may be necessary to break the activity down
into its component parts by, for example, job safety analysis or task
analysis
• For a large machine, this could mean looking at:
o Installation
o Normal operation
o Breakdown
o Cleaning
o Adjustment
o Dismantling

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Step 1
Identifying Hazards
• It is necessary to identify contingent Hazards, which can arise from
failures of a system, component, or checking and maintenance; as
well as continuing Hazards, i.e. those that are present continuously
• Examples may include:
o Mechanical Hazards
o Electrical Hazards
o Thermal Hazards
o Noise & Vibration
o Radiation
o Toxic Materials

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Napo – Identify the Hazards

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Step 1 – Group Activity
Identifying Hazards
In small groups list all the Hazards in the designated work area

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Step 2
Identifying Population at Risk
General Groups at Risk
• This category includes vulnerable people that might be at Risk from a
particular Hazard
• For example, women of childbearing age may be deemed to be at
Risk from exposure to the Hazards presented by lead
• Other at risk groups could be:
o The public
o Young persons
o People with health conditions
o Workers that have come from other countries where language or
work practices may be different

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Step 2
Specific Groups at Risk
• Operators
• Maintenance Staff
• Cleaners
• Contractors
• Visitors / Public

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Napo – Act on Risk!

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In small groups list all the people at Risk from the Hazards identified
previously in the designated work area

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Step 3
Evaluating Risk & Adequacy of Current Controls
Likelihood of Harm & Probable Severity (Consequence)
• Likelihood - take account of the circumstances in which the Hazard
may be encountered & the current controls in place
• The circumstances may relate to Environmental factors that can mask
or make a Hazard more obvious
• Reliance on a control like Personal Protective Equipment would
normally increase the likelihood compared to a control that put the
Hazard behind a protective barrier

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Step 3
• Other factors that might be considered include:
o Competence of workers
o Levels & quality of supervision
o Attitudes of Workers & Supervisors
o Environmental conditions, for example, adverse weather
o Frequency & duration of exposure
o Work Pressures

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Step 3
• Severity (consequence) - this considers the probable outcome of
contact with the Hazard
• May include death, major injury, minor injury, damage to
plant/equipment/product, or damage to the Environment
• It is important that this is the most probable outcome, not possible
outcome, as it may be possible to think of some extreme
circumstances that all Hazards may have the outcome of death
• The severity of contact with electricity is greatly reduced if the nature
of the Hazard is that it is operating at low voltage

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Step 3
Risk Rating & Prioritisation
• Risk Rating
• The Risk Rating is a combination of the Likelihood & Severity
(consequence) value
o Risk Rating = Likelihood x Severity (consequence)

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The 5 Steps to Risk Assessment
• Risk Assessment Matrices:

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Risk Assessment Matrices
• A Risk Assessment Matrix is a matrix that is used during Risk
Assessment to define the various levels of Risk through the
assessment of the probability categories and severity categories
• This is a simple mechanism to increase visibility of Risks and assist
management decision making
• It is a valuable tools for ranking and displaying Risks by defining range
of consequences and likelihood

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Risk Assessment Matrices
• A Risk Assessment Matrix can be Quantitative or Qualitative
• Each organisation must decide upon the most suitable matrix for the
risks they face

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Step 3
• When using descriptive categorises for assessing severity or
likelihood of harm, they should be clearly defined:

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Step 3
Likelihood Categories

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Step 3
Severity (Consequence) Categories

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Step 3
Risk Rating & Prioritisation
• Risk Rating / Risk Prioritisation
• Risk Rating 1-9 Low
• Risk Rating 10-15 Medium
• Risk Rating 16-25 High

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Step 3
Residual Risk
• Remains when controls have been decided
• For example, whilst a slip which could result in a fall from height may
be prevented by a guard rail, the potential to slip on the level would
remain, and this would be the Residual Risk after the guard rail was
provided

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Reducing The Risk
• Any risk that remains after the controls have been implemented is
referred to as the Residual Risk

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Step 3
Residual Risk
• Acceptable / Tolerable Risk Levels
• After controls have been applied the Residual Risk has to be
considered to determine if it is at an acceptable level
• Influenced by what society considers being acceptable or tolerable
• May be influenced by how much knowledge there is on a given
Hazard or the level of Risk people expect to be exposed to
• Much of the Health & Safety Legislation created by countries places a
general duty to reduce the level of risk So Far As Is Reasonably
Practicable

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Your Aim
• Is to reduce the risk to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

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Step 3
Guidance
• Care has to be taken to consider relevant Guidance
• This can be in the form of Guidance to Legislation:
o Official Guidance Government Documents
o Industry Standard Guidance
o Relevant International / Local Standards

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Step 3
Risk Reduction Through Prevention & Control Measures
• Principles of Prevention
o These are broad principles applied to risks in order to prevent
them; they illustrate a good practice approach to prevention of
Risk
o Controls for Risks observed during Risk Assessment should be
challenged to see if they follow these principles
o The Principles of Prevention encourage that risks be avoided or
combated at source, but establish further Risk Prevention
Principles, such as adapting work to the individual

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Reducing The Risk
• To reduce the risk level you will need to:
o Reduce the likelihood
o Reduce the Severity
o Reduce both

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Hazards and Risks - Control Measures
• Seat belts
• Minimum tyre tread depth
• Side impact bars
• Collapsible steering column
• Dual breaking system
• Air bags
• Head restraints
What are these controls reducing? Likelihood
of accident
Severity
of injury
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Hierarchy Of Control
• Elimination / Avoiding Risks
o Avoiding Risk at source is the best option for controlling Risk
o Means that everyone is protected & there is no Residual Risk to
manage
o May be a difficult option to achieve
o Must be considered by designers at the conception stage of a
project
o Removal of the Hazard in total from the working environment
should be aimed for

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• Reducing / Substitution
o Reducing the Hazard to an acceptable level by:
o substituting something less hazardous
o or reducing the strength of the hazardous material
o or reducing the quantity in use / etc.
o Reduction of exposure may be achieved by keeping the numbers
at risk to a minimum
o Rotating work schedules

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• Isolation / Engineering Control
o A common Engineering Control involves the isolation of the
Hazard from people
o Other Engineering Controls limit the chance or amount of
exposure to Hazards

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• Controls / Administrative Controls
o A Safe System of Work is an example of an Administrative Control
o A formal procedure which results from systematic examination of a
task
o To identify all the Hazards & the Controls necessary for Health &
Safety
o Defines safe methods of working
o In some cases controlled by the use of structured checklists that
ensure steps in the system of work are carried out
o Often called a Permit to Work

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• Personal Protective Equipment
o Ensure PPE is suitable for Hazard & person
o No PPE should be issued without adequate training/instruction
o Issue, obtain signature & record
o Set-up monitoring systems
o Organise routine exchange systems
o Implement cleaning/sterilisation
o Issue written/verbal instructions
o Provide suitable storage

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Personal Protective Equipment
• Limitations
o Poor selection
o Poor fit
o Incompatibility with other types of PPE
o Contamination
o Misuse or non-use by workers
o In certain circumstances, its use can actually create additional
risks (for instance, warning sounds masked by hearing protection)

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• Limitations
o PPE only protects the wearer & not others who may be in the area
& also at risk
o The introduction of PPE may bring another hazard such as
impaired vision, impaired movement or fatigue
o PPE may only be capable of minimising injury rather than
preventing it
o If PPE fails to give 100% protection, it may not be possible to
measure actual exposure to hazards such as dust, vapours &
noise)

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• PPE will not be suitable unless:
o It is appropriate to the risk involved
o It is ergonomic in design & takes account of the state of health of
the user
o It fits the wearer correctly, perhaps after adjustment
o It is effective in preventing or controlling the risk(s), so far as is
practicable
o It must comply with relevant national/international directives or
other specific standards
o It must be compatible with other equipment where there is more
than one risk to guard against

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In small groups assess the Likelihood and Severity posed by the Hazards
previously identified, in respect of the current Controls in place
o Is the Risk Level Tolerable?
o What additional Controls are recommended to manage the Risk?
o What is the Residual Risk after these Controls are implemented?

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Step 4
Recording Significant Findings
Format
• Employers more than 100 employees are required to record the
significant findings of their Risk Assessments
• This may be in writing or electronically
• There are many forms & systems designed for recording assessments
• While these may differ in design, the methodology broadly remains
the same

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Step 4
Format
• Information to be recorded
o The task / plant / process / activity together with the Hazards
involved, their associated Risks & persons affected by them
together with existing control measures, should be recorded
o The necessary actions required to further reduce the Risk are then
dealt with & are usually recorded separately
o Some items, particularly those with a high-Risk rating, may require
a more detailed explanation or there may be a series of alternative
actions

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Step 5
Reasons For Review
Examples of circumstances that would require the review of the validity of
a Risk Assessment are:
o When the results of monitoring are adverse & not as expected
o A change in process, work methods or materials
o Changes in personnel
o Changes in legislation
o The introduction of new plant or technology
o New information becoming available
o As time passes

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Step 5
Reasons For Review
The validity of Risk Assessment should be monitored through a
combination of monitoring techniques such as:
o Preventive maintenance inspections
o Safety representative / committee inspections
o Statutory and maintenance scheme inspections, tests &
examinations
o Safety tours & inspections
o Occupational health surveys
o Air monitoring
o Health & Safety audits

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Lets Put it into Practice
• Group Discussion:
o Consider the following Scenario, what are the Hazards? What
could go wrong? What are the Risks? What are you going to do to
Control them?

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• Ensuring maximum capacity not exceeded
• Trained & competent staff in the event of an emergency
• Fire exits clear / fire alarms working / fire extinguishers on site
• Verify equipment brought on site by the band
• Check the electrics / power supply

Please ask if you have any questions

Please provide your feedback on this training

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Risk Assessment Guide for Construction Companies

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