PECB Webinar: Occupational Health and Safety application in the Oil & Gas sector

Global Experience Consulting Company , Tel: 965-22422123 Slide 1 of 7008 Dec 201508 Dec 2015

OHSAS 18001:OHSAS 18001:
20072007
Occupational Health and SafetyOccupational Health and Safety
Management Systems Application inManagement Systems Application in
the Oil & Gas sectorthe Oil & Gas sector
Presented To:Presented To:
PECB AudiencePECB Audience
Presented by :Presented by :
Mohammed Tawfik Soukieh L.A.Mohammed Tawfik Soukieh L.A.
Global Experience Consulting CompanyGlobal Experience Consulting Company

ObjectivesObjectives
 To ensure participants know:To ensure participants know:
 Hazard : Source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of injury or ill
health, damage to property, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination
of these.
 Accident : Undesired event giving rise to death, ill health, injury,
damage or loss.
 Audit : Systematic examination to determine whether activities and related results
conform to planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are
implemented effectively and are suitable for achieving the organization’s policy and
objectives
 Continual Improvement : Process of enhancing the OH&S Management
System, to achieve improvements in overall occupational health and safety
performances, in line with the organization’s OH&S policy in the Oil & Gas
Sector.

InstructorInstructor
Self-IntroductionSelf-Introduction

Webinar Purpose:Webinar Purpose:
To identify and discuss the need for, and
benefits of, implementing an
internationally-recognized
OH&S Management System
in the Oil & Gas sector.

“The first duty of
business is to
survive, and the
guiding principle of
business economics
is not the
maximisation of
profit -
it is the
Peter Drucker

Costs of AccidentCosts of Accident
Accidents have cost someAccidents have cost some
organizations as much as 37% oforganizations as much as 37% of
their annual profit and 5% of thetheir annual profit and 5% of the
running cost.running cost.
Institution of Occupation Safety & Health (UK)Institution of Occupation Safety & Health (UK)

Major DisastersMajor Disasters
 Bhopal, India (1984)Bhopal, India (1984)
 Seveso, Italy (1976)Seveso, Italy (1976)
 Spyros, Singapore (1978)Spyros, Singapore (1978)
• Piper Alpha, England (1988)Piper Alpha, England (1988)
 Flixborough, England (1974)Flixborough, England (1974)
 Texas City, United States (1947)Texas City, United States (1947)

How did OH&S MS EvolveHow did OH&S MS Evolve
 OH&S management was originally driven by injury history.OH&S management was originally driven by injury history.
 Workers and Labor Organizations lobbied for legislation toWorkers and Labor Organizations lobbied for legislation to
protect workersprotect workers
 Progressive Companies lobbied for legislation to protectProgressive Companies lobbied for legislation to protect
workers and to keep a “level playing field.”workers and to keep a “level playing field.”
 Legislation imposing compensation costs on employers inLegislation imposing compensation costs on employers in
the early 1900’s put the necessary financial drivers inthe early 1900’s put the necessary financial drivers in
place.place.

BackgroundBackground
 A 1969 study of occupational accidents by theA 1969 study of occupational accidents by the
Insurance Company of North America, led byInsurance Company of North America, led by
Frank E. Bird Jr., Director of EngineeringFrank E. Bird Jr., Director of Engineering
Services:Services:
– Studied 1,753, 498 accidents at 297 organizations,Studied 1,753, 498 accidents at 297 organizations,
all in different types of occupational establishments;all in different types of occupational establishments;
– Covered 1,750,000 employees working more than 3Covered 1,750,000 employees working more than 3
billion hours over the period; andbillion hours over the period; and
– Resulted in the widely known 1-10-30-600 accidentResulted in the widely known 1-10-30-600 accident
ratio study.ratio study.

Background – Accident Ratio StudyBackground – Accident Ratio Study
1
10
30
600
SERIOUS OR MAJOR INJURY
- including disabling and serious injuries
MINOR INJURY
- any reported injury less than serious
PROPERTY DAMAGE ACCIDENTS
- all types
INCIDENTS WITH NO VISIBLE
INJURY OR DAMAGE
- near accidents or close calls

Major AccidentMajor Accident
 Major Accidents not only cost youMajor Accidents not only cost you
millions of dollars, delay in production butmillions of dollars, delay in production but
also loss of reputation and affect the moralealso loss of reputation and affect the morale
of the workforce.of the workforce.
 Such accidents can be prevented orSuch accidents can be prevented or
minimized with commitment andminimized with commitment and
implementation of a management system.implementation of a management system.

Development of OHSDevelopment of OHS
ManagementManagement
 Only a physical problemOnly a physical problem
 Staff functionStaff function
 Responsibility of safety professionalsResponsibility of safety professionals
 Safety is “no accidents”Safety is “no accidents”
 Prevention of human sufferingPrevention of human suffering
From ...

1993 BSI started developing BS 87501993 BSI started developing BS 8750
SpecificationSpecification
1996 BS 8800 Guidelines published1996 BS 8800 Guidelines published
1996 ISO OH&S MS Workshop1996 ISO OH&S MS Workshop
1997 AENOR proposal to CEN - Not1997 AENOR proposal to CEN - Not
approvedapproved
1997 NNI NPR 5001 Guidelines published1997 NNI NPR 5001 Guidelines published
1999 ISO/TMB decision on OH&S MS work1999 ISO/TMB decision on OH&S MS work
Background to OH&S SystemBackground to OH&S System
StandardisationStandardisation

 SGS Yarsley InternationalSGS Yarsley International
Certification ServicesCertification Services
 NSAI - IrelandNSAI - Ireland
 SABS - South AfricaSABS - South Africa
 BSI - UKBSI - UK
 AENOR - SpainAENOR - Spain
 SIRM QAS - MalaysiaSIRM QAS - Malaysia
 SFS Certification - FinlandSFS Certification - Finland
 Lloyds Register QualityLloyds Register Quality
AssuranceAssurance
OHSAS 18001 ParticipantsOHSAS 18001 Participants
 National Quality AssuranceNational Quality Assurance
 International SafetyInternational Safety
Management Organisation LtdManagement Organisation Ltd
 International CertificationInternational Certification
ServicesServices
 Bureau Veritas QualityBureau Veritas Quality
InternationalInternational
 Det Norske VeritasDet Norske Veritas

Fatalities and Major AccidentsFatalities and Major Accidents
Group
Major
Accidents
Fatalities
Employee Sector 28,207 206
Self Employed 801 55
Public at or near
work
27,790 395*
TOTAL 56,798 656
*377 of these
were in the
service sector
Home & Leisure Fatalities
(for the UK) 3,945 (at work 679)
ROAD 3,740 (plus 69 from other transport

OHS ManagementOHS Management
SystemsSystems
 Statistics (ROSPA - UK)Statistics (ROSPA - UK)
– 1.6 million workplace injuries pa; 2.2 million cases of ill1.6 million workplace injuries pa; 2.2 million cases of ill
health caused or made worse by work; 30 million workinghealth caused or made worse by work; 30 million working
days a year are lost.days a year are lost.
– 70 per cent of workplace accidents preventable if70 per cent of workplace accidents preventable if
employers put proper safety control measures in place.employers put proper safety control measures in place.
– only 40% of major workplace accidents reported.only 40% of major workplace accidents reported.
– maximum penalties for breaching OHS legislation aremaximum penalties for breaching OHS legislation are
unlimited fines and up to two years in prison.unlimited fines and up to two years in prison. StatisticsStatistics
(ROSPA - UK)(ROSPA - UK)
– the rate of fatal and major injuries in firms employing fewerthe rate of fatal and major injuries in firms employing fewer
than 50 employees is over twice the rate in firmsthan 50 employees is over twice the rate in firms
employing more than 1000 people.employing more than 1000 people.
– car and van drivers who cover 25,000 miles a year as partcar and van drivers who cover 25,000 miles a year as part
of their job have the same risk of being killed at work asof their job have the same risk of being killed at work as
coal miners.coal miners.

1.1. ScopeScope
2.2. Reference publicationsReference publications
3.3. Terms and definitionsTerms and definitions
4.4. OH&S managementOH&S management
system elementssystem elements
4.14.1 General requirementsGeneral requirements
4.24.2 OH&S policyOH&S policy
4.34.3 PlanningPlanning
4.44.4 Implementation and operationImplementation and operation
4.54.5 Checking and correctiveChecking and corrective
actionaction
4.64.6 Management reviewManagement review
OHSAS 18001 -OHSAS 18001 - Main clause titlesMain clause titles

11ScopeScope
Applicable to organisations that wish to:Applicable to organisations that wish to:
-- establish an OH&S MS to eliminate or minimise risk the employeesestablish an OH&S MS to eliminate or minimise risk the employees
exposed to risk;exposed to risk;
- implement, maintain and continually improve OH&S MS;- implement, maintain and continually improve OH&S MS;
- assure itself of its conformance with its stated OH&S policy;- assure itself of its conformance with its stated OH&S policy;
- demonstrate such conformance to others;- demonstrate such conformance to others;
- seek certification/registration of its OH&S MS by an external- seek certification/registration of its OH&S MS by an external
organisation.organisation.
2.2. Reference publicationsReference publications
3.3. Terms and definitionsTerms and definitions

The OHSAS 18001The OHSAS 18001
Specification is intended to:Specification is intended to:
Address occupational health and safetyAddress occupational health and safety
rather than product and service safetyrather than product and service safety

4.3.1 Planning for hazard Identification,4.3.1 Planning for hazard Identification,
risk assessment & risk controlrisk assessment & risk control
Procedure for identification of hazards,Procedure for identification of hazards,
risk assessment & risk control forrisk assessment & risk control for
routine & non-routine activities, allroutine & non-routine activities, all
personnel having access to workplacepersonnel having access to workplace
and all facilities at workplace.and all facilities at workplace.
Results used for setting objectives,Results used for setting objectives,
risk control measures, inputs torisk control measures, inputs to
training and monitoring.training and monitoring.

4.3.1 Planning for Hazard Identification, Risk4.3.1 Planning for Hazard Identification, Risk
Assessment and Risk ControlAssessment and Risk Control
 The organizationThe organization shallshall establish andestablish and
maintain procedures formaintain procedures for
– thethe ongoingongoing identification of hazards,identification of hazards,
– the assessment of risks, andthe assessment of risks, and
– the implementation of necessary controls.the implementation of necessary controls.
Elements of OHSAS 18001Elements of OHSAS 18001

 These shall include:These shall include:
– routine and non-routine activities;routine and non-routine activities;
– activities of all personnel having access to theactivities of all personnel having access to the
workplace (including subcontractors and visitors);workplace (including subcontractors and visitors);
– facilitiesfacilities at the workplace, whether provided by theat the workplace, whether provided by the
organization or others.organization or others.
NoteNote: The Funk and Wagnalls Dictionaries defines: The Funk and Wagnalls Dictionaries defines
“facility” as “something that makes an action or“facility” as “something that makes an action or
operation easier.”operation easier.”
(i.e. from hand tools to rented scissor lifts)(i.e. from hand tools to rented scissor lifts)
(4.3.1)(4.3.1)

 The organization's methodology for hazard identificationThe organization's methodology for hazard identification
and risk assessment shall:and risk assessment shall:
– be defined with respect to its scope, nature andbe defined with respect to its scope, nature and
timing to ensure it istiming to ensure it is proactiveproactive rather thanrather than reactivereactive;;
– Provide for the classification of risks andProvide for the classification of risks and
identification of those that are to beidentification of those that are to be eliminatedeliminated oror
controlledcontrolled by measures as defined in 4.3.3 & 4.3.4;by measures as defined in 4.3.3 & 4.3.4;
– be consistent with operating experience and thebe consistent with operating experience and the
capabilities of risk control measures employed;capabilities of risk control measures employed;
(4.3.1)(4.3.1)

 ... shall provide input into:... shall provide input into:
– the determination of facility requirements,the determination of facility requirements,
– the identification of training needs and/orthe identification of training needs and/or
– the development of operational controls;the development of operational controls;
 ... shall:... shall:
– provide for the monitoring of required actions andprovide for the monitoring of required actions and
ensure the effectiveness and timeliness of theirensure the effectiveness and timeliness of their
implementation.implementation.
 The organization shall keep this information up-to-date.The organization shall keep this information up-to-date.
(4.3.1)(4.3.1)

4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification,4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification,
risk assessment & risk controlrisk assessment & risk control
Intent:Intent:
 The basis of the entire OH&S management system.The basis of the entire OH&S management system.
 Address normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions.Address normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions.
Typical input:Typical input:
 OH&S policy, legal & other, accident & incident records,OH&S policy, legal & other, accident & incident records,
NCR’s, audit results, employee & other communication;NCR’s, audit results, employee & other communication;
activities, facilities, industry best practices, etc…activities, facilities, industry best practices, etc…
Typical output:Typical output:
 Hazard & risk “registry,” JSA’s, checklists, trainedHazard & risk “registry,” JSA’s, checklists, trained
workers, and other hazard & risk I.D. tools; requirementsworkers, and other hazard & risk I.D. tools; requirements
for training and competency, control, monitoring,for training and competency, control, monitoring,
records; OH&S objectives for risk reduction.records; OH&S objectives for risk reduction.

Common HazardsCommon Hazards
Hazard CategoriesHazard Categories
 Hazards may be classified into theseHazards may be classified into these
categories:categories:
– Physical Hazards;Physical Hazards;
– Chemical Hazards;Chemical Hazards;
– Biological and Botanical Hazards;Biological and Botanical Hazards;
– Ergonomic Hazards;Ergonomic Hazards;
– Psychological; andPsychological; and
– Psychosocial Hazards;Psychosocial Hazards;

Hazard (3.4 OHSAS 18001)- definitionHazard (3.4 OHSAS 18001)- definition
 Source or situation with a potential for harm…;Source or situation with a potential for harm…;
Potential Harm / Impacts of Hazards:Potential Harm / Impacts of Hazards:
 InjuryInjury
– Temporary or permanent physical damage;Temporary or permanent physical damage;
– Critical injuries;Critical injuries;
– Death;Death;
 Ill healthIll health
– Diseases, disorders, death;Diseases, disorders, death;

Potential Harm / Impacts of HazardsPotential Harm / Impacts of Hazards (cont’d):(cont’d):
 Damage to property such as:Damage to property such as:
– Fires, explosions;Fires, explosions;
– Contamination & damage from spills;Contamination & damage from spills;
 Damage to workplace environment such as:Damage to workplace environment such as:
– Poor air quality;Poor air quality;
– High noise levels;High noise levels;
– Vibration;Vibration;

Physical HazardsPhysical Hazards

Hazards within the Hazard CategoriesHazards within the Hazard Categories
Physical Hazards:Physical Hazards:
 Generally sources of electrical, mechanical, light, or heatGenerally sources of electrical, mechanical, light, or heat
energy;energy;
 Can cause injury, damage to nerves, blood vessels, andCan cause injury, damage to nerves, blood vessels, and
other physiological functionsother physiological functions
 Can cause deathCan cause death
 Refer to Module 5A for detailsRefer to Module 5A for details

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

Chemical Hazards:Chemical Hazards:
 Solids, liquids, gases, dusts, fibres, fumes, (vapour)Solids, liquids, gases, dusts, fibres, fumes, (vapour)
aerosols, which may be:aerosols, which may be:
– Corrosive, Flammable, Oxidizing, Toxic, Reactive /Corrosive, Flammable, Oxidizing, Toxic, Reactive /
Explosive;Explosive;
 May be “designated substances” such as:May be “designated substances” such as:
– Asbestos, benzene, isocyanates, etc…Asbestos, benzene, isocyanates, etc…
 Chemical Allergies may occur such as:Chemical Allergies may occur such as:
– Sensitizing (e.g. penicillin allergies, latex allergies);Sensitizing (e.g. penicillin allergies, latex allergies);

 Other toxic effects may occur such as:Other toxic effects may occur such as:
– Carcinogenic – causes cancer;Carcinogenic – causes cancer;
– Synergistic – causes the effects of other chemicals toSynergistic – causes the effects of other chemicals to
increase;increase;
– Embyotoxic, Fetotoxic, Teratogenic – harms an unbornEmbyotoxic, Fetotoxic, Teratogenic – harms an unborn
baby;baby;
– Mutagenic – damages genetic information in DNAMutagenic – damages genetic information in DNA
molecules;molecules;
– Hepatotoxic – causes liver damage;Hepatotoxic – causes liver damage;
– Narcosis – Narcotic effects / drunken effectsNarcosis – Narcotic effects / drunken effects

 Refer to Module 5A for details about:Refer to Module 5A for details about:
– ““Endocrine Disruptors.Endocrine Disruptors.””
– ““Occupational irritant contact dermatitis.Occupational irritant contact dermatitis.””
– ““Chronic obstructive pulmonary (or lung)Chronic obstructive pulmonary (or lung)
diseasesdiseases””
– ““Alzheimer's diseaseAlzheimer's disease””
– ““Occupational acneOccupational acne””

Biological HazardsBiological Hazards

Biological Hazards (sources & examples):Biological Hazards (sources & examples):
 Humans, animals, rodents, birds, snakes, spiders,Humans, animals, rodents, birds, snakes, spiders,
insects, and parasites may carry “insects, and parasites may carry “blood borneblood borne
pathogenspathogens” (viruses or bacteria) or other microbes and” (viruses or bacteria) or other microbes and
germs.germs.
 Refer to Module 5A for details about:Refer to Module 5A for details about:
– ““AIDS virus,” “Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses,AIDS virus,” “Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses,””
– ““Hantavirus,Hantavirus,””
– ““Borrelia burgdorferiBorrelia burgdorferi” (causes Lyme disease);” (causes Lyme disease);
– ““Chlamydia psittaci,Chlamydia psittaci,” (causes flu-like symptoms)” (causes flu-like symptoms)

Ergonomic HazardsErgonomic Hazards

Ergonomic Hazards;Ergonomic Hazards;
 The interaction between workers & job demands, (i.eThe interaction between workers & job demands, (i.e
workplace conditions) that pose the risk of injury to theworkplace conditions) that pose the risk of injury to the
musculoskeletal system of the worker;musculoskeletal system of the worker;
 These injuries are known as:These injuries are known as:
““Work-related musculoskeletal disordersWork-related musculoskeletal disorders””
(WMSDs);(WMSDs);
 Common underlying factors include:Common underlying factors include:
– compression of nerves and blood vessels by tensedcompression of nerves and blood vessels by tensed
muscles over long periods;muscles over long periods;
– Overstretched and damaged muscles, tendons andOverstretched and damaged muscles, tendons and
ligaments.ligaments.

Ergonomic Hazards (cont’d):Ergonomic Hazards (cont’d):
 Ergonomic hazards that cause WMSD injuriesErgonomic hazards that cause WMSD injuries
include:include:
– Continual repetition of movements;Continual repetition of movements;
– Force concentrated on small parts of the body,Force concentrated on small parts of the body,
such as the hand or wrist;such as the hand or wrist;
– A pace of work that does not allow sufficientA pace of work that does not allow sufficient
recovery between movements;recovery between movements;
– Awkward postures from improper workplaceAwkward postures from improper workplace
design;design;
– Fixed or constrained body positions;Fixed or constrained body positions;

Ergonomic Hazards (cont’d):Ergonomic Hazards (cont’d):
 These hazards may be associated with:These hazards may be associated with:
– Improper hand tools, workstations, and equipment;Improper hand tools, workstations, and equipment;
– Working in a sitting or standing position for longWorking in a sitting or standing position for long
periods;periods;
– Computer data entry;Computer data entry;
– Assembly line work;Assembly line work;
– Packaging and material handling work;Packaging and material handling work;
– Office environments;Office environments;
– Landscaping and many others;Landscaping and many others;

Impacts of Ergonomic Hazards (cont’d):Impacts of Ergonomic Hazards (cont’d):
 ““WMSD” include:WMSD” include:
– ““Tennis elbowTennis elbow” (inflamed tendons in the elbow);” (inflamed tendons in the elbow);
– ““Carpal tunnel syndromeCarpal tunnel syndrome” affecting the hand and” affecting the hand and
wrist;wrist;
– ““TendonitisTendonitis,” “,” “thoracic outlet syndrome,thoracic outlet syndrome,” and “” and “tensiontension
neck syndromeneck syndrome;”;”
– ““Raynaud's phenomenonRaynaud's phenomenon,” (a disorder of blood,” (a disorder of blood
circulation in the fingers, which is aggravated by heatcirculation in the fingers, which is aggravated by heat
and cold).and cold).

Impacts of Ergonomic HazardsImpacts of Ergonomic Hazards (cont’d):(cont’d):
 Other effects of an improperly designedOther effects of an improperly designed
workplace may include:workplace may include:
– ““Eye discomfortEye discomfort” from poor lighting and extended” from poor lighting and extended
eyestrain such as computer work or intricateeyestrain such as computer work or intricate
work;work;
– Discomfort from poor indoor air qualityDiscomfort from poor indoor air quality
(temperature extremes and high humidex);(temperature extremes and high humidex);

Psychological & Psychosocial HazardsPsychological & Psychosocial Hazards

Psychological Hazards:Psychological Hazards:
 Physical threat:Physical threat:
– Verbal statement, body language such as “shaking aVerbal statement, body language such as “shaking a
fist;”fist;”
– Confined Space, Police & Security work, Firefighters;Confined Space, Police & Security work, Firefighters;
 Violence:Violence:
– Direct attacks or indirect throwing objects in badDirect attacks or indirect throwing objects in bad
temper;temper;
 Harassment:Harassment:
– Verbal or physical intimidation.Verbal or physical intimidation.

Psychological Hazards:Psychological Hazards:
 Shift work:Shift work:
– Sleep pattern disruption;Sleep pattern disruption;
– Stress of managing personal life;Stress of managing personal life;
 Pace of work:Pace of work:
– Boring – monitoring of automated systems;Boring – monitoring of automated systems;
– Stressful – machine paced work too fast;Stressful – machine paced work too fast;
 There is an element of stress in virtually all of theseThere is an element of stress in virtually all of these
examples;examples;

Psychosocial Hazards:Psychosocial Hazards:
 Environmental tobacco smoke:Environmental tobacco smoke:
– Also fits into the Chemical Hazard category;Also fits into the Chemical Hazard category;
 Smells:Smells:
– Perfumes, body odours, workplaces;Perfumes, body odours, workplaces;
 Substance abuse:Substance abuse:
– Alcoholism;Alcoholism;
– Drugs.Drugs.

 Some situations may have multiple hazards – for example anSome situations may have multiple hazards – for example an
emergency may have:emergency may have:
– Physical Hazards (burns, mechanical impacts, explosions,Physical Hazards (burns, mechanical impacts, explosions,
etc.);etc.);
– Chemical Hazards (spills, vapours, fumes, smoke)Chemical Hazards (spills, vapours, fumes, smoke)
– Biological Hazards (exposure during response);Biological Hazards (exposure during response);
– Ergonomic Hazards (awkward positions, excess strain,Ergonomic Hazards (awkward positions, excess strain,
etc.);etc.);
– Psychological (fear, horror, excess hours, other stress);Psychological (fear, horror, excess hours, other stress);
andand
– Psychosocial Hazards (pace of work, smells, poorPsychosocial Hazards (pace of work, smells, poor

Hazard IdentificationHazard Identification
 Includes numerous techniques or “tools” that look at a situation withIncludes numerous techniques or “tools” that look at a situation with
varying levels of detail such as:varying levels of detail such as:
– General walk about by supervisors or safety specialistsGeneral walk about by supervisors or safety specialists
(to capture the main priorities for that point in time)(to capture the main priorities for that point in time)
– PHA (Preliminary Hazard Assessment) a more organized look (toPHA (Preliminary Hazard Assessment) a more organized look (to
capture the main priorities for the overall operation)capture the main priorities for the overall operation)
– Checklists / Job Planners (to capture the majority of the seriousChecklists / Job Planners (to capture the majority of the serious
concerns for a specific activity)concerns for a specific activity)
– JHA (Job Hazard Analysis) or JSA (Job Safety Analysis)JHA (Job Hazard Analysis) or JSA (Job Safety Analysis)
(to capture all the of the concerns for a specific activity)(to capture all the of the concerns for a specific activity)

 A Job Hazard Analysis is done to identify every possibleA Job Hazard Analysis is done to identify every possible
hazard (and to evaluate the risk). The Steps include:hazard (and to evaluate the risk). The Steps include:
– Prioritize the jobs to be analyzed based on accident /Prioritize the jobs to be analyzed based on accident /
injury history, H&S knowledge, industry experience,injury history, H&S knowledge, industry experience,
etc.;etc.;
– Carefully study and record each step of a job;Carefully study and record each step of a job;
– Identify existing or potential safety and healthIdentify existing or potential safety and health
hazards;hazards;
– Consider injury & accident reports, close calls, nearConsider injury & accident reports, close calls, near
misses, workplace inspections and audit results,misses, workplace inspections and audit results,
JH&S Committee minutes, employee feedback, etc.JH&S Committee minutes, employee feedback, etc.

 A Job Hazard Analysis ... The Steps include (cont’d):A Job Hazard Analysis ... The Steps include (cont’d):
– Involve workers who perform the job in every step ofInvolve workers who perform the job in every step of
the analysis;the analysis;
– Consider taking photographs or videos for reference;Consider taking photographs or videos for reference;
– Break the job down into job tasks or job steps;Break the job down into job tasks or job steps;
– Use a checklist of possible hazard categories andUse a checklist of possible hazard categories and
hazards;hazards;
– Consider routine and non-routine activities / tasks /Consider routine and non-routine activities / tasks /
steps;steps;

Group ExerciseGroup Exercise
Chemical PackagingChemical Packaging
OperationOperation
As a Large Group:As a Large Group:
(the instructor will(the instructor will
scribe on the flipscribe on the flip
chart.)chart.)
- select an activity- select an activity
- identify a related- identify a related
hazard categoryhazard category
- identify and- identify and
describe a relateddescribe a related
hazard in enoughhazard in enough
detail to understanddetail to understand
the riskthe risk
- describe the- describe the
“maximum“maximum
reasonable risk”reasonable risk”

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Risk Assessment / Risk AnalysisRisk Assessment / Risk Analysis
 These terms are often used interchangeably, but theyThese terms are often used interchangeably, but they
are not the same;are not the same;
 Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis is the process ofis the process of quantifyingquantifying the risk.the risk.
– The results of Risk Analysis may be used as an inputThe results of Risk Analysis may be used as an input
to the Risk Assessment process.to the Risk Assessment process.
 Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment refers to the process of making anrefers to the process of making an
evaluation, based on specified criteria, on theevaluation, based on specified criteria, on the
effectiveness of the control measures in place;effectiveness of the control measures in place;
 OHSAS 18001 defines Risk Assessment as:OHSAS 18001 defines Risk Assessment as:
– Overall process of estimating the magnitude of riskOverall process of estimating the magnitude of risk
andand deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable.deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable.

Risk Assessment /Risk Assessment /
Risk Analysis / Risk ManagementRisk Analysis / Risk Management
 Risk ManagementRisk Management - the process of eliminating /- the process of eliminating /
substituting, reducing, and controlling the hazards (andsubstituting, reducing, and controlling the hazards (and
associated risks) such that they are tolerable /associated risks) such that they are tolerable /
acceptable.acceptable.
 Controls might include:Controls might include:
– Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls
- at- at sourcesource - process changes, exhausts- process changes, exhausts
- along- along pathwayspathways – enclosures, guards– enclosures, guards
- at- at recipientrecipient - automation- automation
– Administrative ControlsAdministrative Controls
- job rotation, warning labels, warning signs, training- job rotation, warning labels, warning signs, training
– Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

Risk Analysis ModelsRisk Analysis Models
Numerous Models & Documents exist:Numerous Models & Documents exist:
 Dependability management, CAN/CSA-CEI/IEC 300-3-Dependability management, CAN/CSA-CEI/IEC 300-3-
9-979-97
(was CAN/CSA-Q634-M91 Risk Analysis Requirements(was CAN/CSA-Q634-M91 Risk Analysis Requirements
and Guidelines) discusses:and Guidelines) discusses:
– Event Tree Analysis;Event Tree Analysis;
– Fault / Failure Modes and Effects Analysis;Fault / Failure Modes and Effects Analysis;
– Fault / Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis;Fault / Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis;
– Fault Tree Analysis;Fault Tree Analysis;
– Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP);Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP);

Risk Analysis Models (cont’d)Risk Analysis Models (cont’d)
 Risk Management includesRisk Management includes risk analysisrisk analysis and goesand goes
one step further to planone step further to plan risk reductionrisk reduction andand riskrisk
controlcontrol throughthrough hazard elimination, substitution, andhazard elimination, substitution, and
reductionreduction and hazardand hazard containment and controlcontainment and control..
 Successful Risk Management focuses onSuccessful Risk Management focuses on
eliminating, reducing, and controlling theeliminating, reducing, and controlling the 3 Key3 Key
FactorsFactors::
– TheThe frequencyfrequency of the activity / event occurring;of the activity / event occurring;
– TheThe probabilityprobability of harm if it occurs; andof harm if it occurs; and
– TheThe severityseverity of the consequences.of the consequences.

Examples - Risk Analysis Methods:Examples - Risk Analysis Methods:
FMEA & FMECA (Failure Modes & Effects Criticality Analysis):FMEA & FMECA (Failure Modes & Effects Criticality Analysis):
 Looks at each component of a system, considers the possibleLooks at each component of a system, considers the possible
failures, the effects, the criticality, and action required:failures, the effects, the criticality, and action required:
Electric DrillElectric Drill
ComponentComponent
FailureFailure
ModeMode
SystemSystem
EffectsEffects
SeveritySeverity
IndexIndex
ProbabilitProbabilit
y Indexy Index
CriticalityCriticality
IndexIndex
ActionAction
Req’dReq’d
CommutatorCommutator FunctionalFunctional
disabilitydisability
Drill disabledDrill disabled 22 22 44 NoneNone
Fault toFault to
CaseCase
Fatality ifFatality if
operator isoperator is
groundedgrounded
44 44 88 GroundGround
case.case.
DoubleDouble
insulate.insulate.

Consequences / SeverityConsequences / Severity
DescriptionDescription
FatalityFatality
MajorMajor
InjuriesInjuries
Normally irreversibleNormally irreversible
injuries or healthinjuries or health
effectseffects
MinorMinor
InjuriesInjuries
Normally reversibleNormally reversible
injury or health effectinjury or health effect
requiring several daysrequiring several days
off workoff work
NegligibleNegligible
InjuriesInjuries
First-aid.First-aid.
Likelihood DescriptionLikelihood Description
VeryVery
LikelyLikely
Could happenCould happen
frequently (> 1 /frequently (> 1 /
month)month)
LikelyLikely Could happenCould happen
occasionally (> 1/year)occasionally (> 1/year)
UnlikelyUnlikely Could happen, but onlyCould happen, but only
rarely (< 1/year)rarely (< 1/year)
HighlyHighly
UnlikelyUnlikely
Could happen, butCould happen, but
probably never will.probably never will.

Picture # 1
Bagged
powders
(mildly
corrosive)
are loaded
into mixers
and hoppers
through the
sieve
openings.
Exhaust fans
and ducts
carry away
fugitive
emissions.
Exercise – Hazard I.D. Risk AssessmentExercise – Hazard I.D. Risk Assessment

Job Hazard Analysis / Risk Assessment Matrix – Page 1 of …Job Hazard Analysis / Risk Assessment Matrix – Page 1 of …
Activity /Activity /
Task /Task /
StepStep
HazardsHazards RiskRisk Freq.Freq.
ofof
TaskTask
Prob.Prob.
ofof
HarmHarm
Sever-Sever-
ityity
TotalTotal
RiskRisk
ScoreScore
RecommendedRecommended
Engineering &Engineering &
Administrative ControlsAdministrative Controls
Common /Common /
GeneralGeneral
CorrosiveCorrosive
chemicalchemical
Injury fromInjury from
Exposure toExposure to
leaks or spillsleaks or spills
55 33 44 6060 Chemical resistantChemical resistant
clothes, splash goggles,clothes, splash goggles,
shower & eye washshower & eye wash
DittoDitto DittoDitto PropertyProperty
damage fromdamage from
spillsspills
55 11 22 1010 Removable plugs forRemovable plugs for
drains, Spill kit & trainingdrains, Spill kit & training
DittoDitto Hot, HumidHot, Humid
WeatherWeather
HeatHeat
ExhaustionExhaustion
55 22 22 2020 Ventilation, FrequentVentilation, Frequent
Breaks, Job RotationBreaks, Job Rotation
Lift pailLift pail
fromfrom
conveyorconveyor
24 kg lift24 kg lift Back /Back /
shoulder strainshoulder strain
55 33 33 4545 Adjustable conveyor &Adjustable conveyor &
skid heights & locations orskid heights & locations or
roboticsrobotics
Reach toReach to
load skidload skid
TrippingTripping
hazard (onhazard (on
skid)skid)
Serious FallingSerious Falling
InjuriesInjuries
55 33 33 4545 Adjustable skid location orAdjustable skid location or
roboticsrobotics
DittoDitto Twist &Twist &
Reach withReach with
heavy loadheavy load
Back /Back /
shoulder strainshoulder strain
55 44 44 8080 Change layout toChange layout to
eliminate twisting oreliminate twisting or
roboticsrobotics

Example Risk ScoringExample Risk Scoring
MethodMethod
Frequency of TaskFrequency of Task Probability of HarmProbability of Harm
11 – Less than Once per year– Less than Once per year 11 – Near Impossible– Near Impossible
22 – Once per Year– Once per Year 22 – Unlikely– Unlikely
33 – Once per Month– Once per Month 33 – Possible– Possible
44 – Once per week– Once per week 44 – Likely– Likely
55 – Continuous– Continuous 55 – Certain– Certain
Severity of ConsequencesSeverity of Consequences
11 – Negligible– Negligible 44 – Critical Injury /– Critical Injury /
22 – Minor Reversible Harm– Minor Reversible Harm Irreversible HarmIrreversible Harm
33 – Major Reversible Harm– Major Reversible Harm 55 – Death / Catastrophic– Death / Catastrophic

Picture # 2
Horizontal band
saw with cutting
fluid tray in a
maintenance
department
setting.
Used
periodically
depending on
the type of work
required each
day.
Exercise – Hazard I.D. Risk AssessmentExercise – Hazard I.D. Risk Assessment

OH&S 18001OH&S 18001
RequirementsRequirements
4.5 Checking and corrective action4.5 Checking and corrective action
4.5.1 - Performance measurement and monitoring4.5.1 - Performance measurement and monitoring
4.5.2 - Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and4.5.2 - Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and
corrective and preventative actioncorrective and preventative action
4.5.3 - Records and records management4.5.3 - Records and records management
4.5.4 - Audit4.5.4 - Audit

4.5.4 Audit4.5.4 Audit
 Procedure for periodic audit of the MS toProcedure for periodic audit of the MS to
determine if it is properly implemented,determine if it is properly implemented,
maintained and effective.maintained and effective.
 Audit schedule based on results of riskAudit schedule based on results of risk
assessment & previous audit.assessment & previous audit.
 Procedure include scope, frequency,Procedure include scope, frequency,
method, competencies & responsibilities ofmethod, competencies & responsibilities of
auditor, reporting.auditor, reporting.
 Auditor to be independent where possible.Auditor to be independent where possible.

Continual Improvement
OH&S Policy
Planning
Implementation
and OperationChecking and
Corrective
Action
Management
Review
OH&S ManagementOH&S Management
System ElementsSystem Elements
Figure 1:Figure 1:
Elements ofElements of
successfulsuccessful
health &health &
SafetySafety
ManagementManagement

BenefitsBenefits
 Internationally adopted safety MS specificationInternationally adopted safety MS specification
supported by national standards bodies.supported by national standards bodies.
 Registration by Certifying Bodies.Registration by Certifying Bodies.
 Must comply with applicable legislation.Must comply with applicable legislation.
 Parallels ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 thus permittingParallels ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 thus permitting
integration of its MS.integration of its MS.
 Must specify OH&S objectives and commit toMust specify OH&S objectives and commit to
continual improvement.continual improvement.
 Not prescriptive - allows organisation to developNot prescriptive - allows organisation to develop
operational controls relevant to its own situation.operational controls relevant to its own situation.
 Improved safety culture & manage risk.Improved safety culture & manage risk.

Some Companies CertifiedSome Companies Certified
 UnileverUnilever
 SonySony
 SeagateSeagate
 Jansen (Johnson & Johnson)Jansen (Johnson & Johnson)
 PhilipsPhilips
 BKE (Mowlem Group)BKE (Mowlem Group)
 Alcan RecyclingAlcan Recycling
 Cape IndustrialCape Industrial
 Milliken Europe (Ghent)Milliken Europe (Ghent)
 BN (Bruges)BN (Bruges)

In ConclusionIn Conclusion
-- Do you want to prevent loss and to increase profit?Do you want to prevent loss and to increase profit?
-- Do you want to ensure customer satisfaction onDo you want to ensure customer satisfaction on
your continual delivery of products?your continual delivery of products?
-- Do you want to ensure compliance to OHSDo you want to ensure compliance to OHS
legislation?legislation?
-- Do you want to continually improve yourDo you want to continually improve your
organization OHS performance?organization OHS performance?
- Do you want to minimize accident and ensure highDo you want to minimize accident and ensure high
employees’ morale?employees’ morale?
- Do you want to build a safety culture & manageDo you want to build a safety culture & manage
your OH&S risks?your OH&S risks?

Be Certified to OHSASBe Certified to OHSAS
1800118001
Come join the 10,000+ organizations thatCome join the 10,000+ organizations that
have been certified to OHSAS 18001have been certified to OHSAS 18001
Occupational Health & Safety Specification.Occupational Health & Safety Specification.
Contact Your partner in InternationalContact Your partner in International
RecognitionRecognition

PECB Webinar: Occupational Health and Safety application in the Oil & Gas sector

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