The document summarizes the five dynasties that comprised the Delhi Sultanate: the Slave Dynasty, the Khalji Dynasty, the Tughlaq Dynasty, the Sayyid Dynasty, and the Lodi Dynasty. It provides details on some of the most prominent rulers, including Qutubuddin Aibak of the Slave Dynasty, Iltutmish who succeeded Aibak, Razia Sultan who was the only female sultan, Alauddin Khalji of the Khalji Dynasty who expanded the empire, Muhammad bin Tughlaq of the Tughlaq Dynasty who attempted ambitious administrative plans with mixed success, and Firoz Shah Tughlaq who constructed infrastructure projects. The document also

1. Chapter- 3
DELHI SULTANS

2. INTRODUCTION
 After capturing North India Ghori left India .
 He left his general Qutubuddin Aibak to take
care of India.
 After death of Ghori in 1206 Qutubuddin
established his control over Delhi.
 He established Slave Dynasty.
 There were 5 successive dynasty that comprised
the Delhi Sultanate.

3. DYNASTIES OF DELHI
The Slave Dynasty (1206-1290AD)
The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320AD)
The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320- 1414AD)
The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451AD)
The Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526AD)

4. QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK:SLAVE DYNASTY

5. SLAVE DYNASTY
 The first sultan of Delhi was Qutubuddin Aibak.
 He was slave of Ghori, hence the dynasty was called
Slave dynasty.
 They ruled for 84 years and were called Mamluk
Sultans. Mamluk means slave.
 Qutubuddin was very clever and able administrator.
 He treated all his subjects with kindness.
 He earned title of Lakh Baksh, meaning ‘the giver of
lakhs’ for his generosity.

6. Cont……
 He was patron of art and literature.
 He built two mosques one in Delhi and one in
Ajmer.
 Construction of Qutub Minar was also started
during his period.
 He died in Lahore in 1210AD while playing
Polo.
 He was succeeded by Iltutmish, his son-in-law.

7. Shamsuddin Iltutmish

8. Cont…….
 Iltutmish was wise ruler.
 He pleased his nobles by granting lands to them called
jagirs.
 He made his ministry with 40 ministers called Chalisa.
 He divided his empire into small iqtas, which were
given to officials in lieu of salary.
 He introduced silver coin,tanka and copper coin jital.
 He got qutub minar completed.
 Minhaj-i-siraj was famous scholar of his period.

9. RAZIA SULTAN
 She was daughter of Iltutmish.
 She was only women Sultan of Delhi.
 She was very capable and wore male attire
and rode on elephant.
 She was able to manage law and order in her
rule.
 The nobles conspired against her and killed
her.
 She was succeded by Ghiyasuddin Balban.

10. KHALJI DYNASTY
 First ruler of this dynasty was Jalaluddin.
 He was not strong leader.
 He was succeeded by Alauddin Khalji
 He was ambitious ruler.
 He won over his nobles & soldiers by giving gold to
them.
 His spies were active.
 He expanded his empire and tried to control Rajput
kingdoms.

11. CONT…….
 After capturing Chittorgarh, when he listened that
Padmawati has committed johar, he ordered to kill
all enemies.
 On a single day thirty thousands Rajputs were killed.
 He was the first ruler of Delhi whose army crossed
Vindhya mountain.
 After his death Khalji dynasty declined.
 The last Khalji ruler was Khusrau Malik, who was
replaced by Tughlaq ruler.

12. Economic measures of Alauddin Khalji
 Alauddin wanted to capture Deccan and Rujputs for
which he required huge army.
 To maintain army he needed money.
 To increase revenue collection he controlled prices of
all commodities.
 The Sultan made arrangements to buy all excess
non- perishable commodities.
 A strict watch was kept on business.
 Anyone found cheating was severely punished.

13. CONT…..
 The rights of local chieftain to collect taxes was taken
of and they were forced to pay taxes.
 There were three types of taxes:
1.
KHARAJ-
On
cultivatio
n , 50% of
farmers
Produce
ON
CATT
LE
ON
HOUS
ES

14. TUGHLAQ DYNASTY
 First ruler was Ghisuddin Tughlaq.
 He was capable commander and able to crush many
rebellions of his period.
 Succeeded by his son Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.
 He had deep knowledge in Philosophy, Logic,
Mathematics, medicine, Persian, Arabic, Turkish and
Sanskrit language.
 Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan Traveler has written about
him.

15. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
 He taught of many ambitious plans but was not able
to implement them properly so his plans failed.
 Two of his such plans were:
He shifted his capital from Delhi
to Devgiri, which he named
Daultabad, so that he can rule
properly from there. He ordered
all the population to leave Delhi
and shift to Daultabad.

16. CONT……
Soon he realised that it is difficult
to rule from Daultabad so he
again asked the population to
move back to Delhi, in which lots
of people died and money wasted.

17. II plan of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
 Taxation in the Doab Region
 At that time this region was facing
severe famine.
 It was a big mistake of Sultan’s part.
 Peasants left their lands.
 He had to withdraw his order.

18. III PLAN
 He has introduced token coins of copper, in place
of which silver coins can be taken from treasury.
 But he was not able to keep control over mint.
 People started minting coins illegally.
 As a result trade suffered and foreign merchants
refused to accept token currency and Sultan had to
give silver coin in exchange of forged coins.
 The treasury was empty.

19. FIROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ
 He succeeded Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.
 Introduced many new measures to please his nobles
and Ulemas.
 Done lots of work for the welfare of people.
 He dug new tanks to store water for agricultural
purpose.
 He repaired old tanks prepared by Iltutmish &
Alauddin Khalji.
 He dug canals from the river Yamuna and Sutlaj.

20. CONT….
 He constructed 30 mosques, 40 buildings for
educational institutions, hospitals, public baths,
wells, bridges.
 New cities were also built during his reign, for
example, Firozabad.
 He was deeply religious man.
 His death led to war of succession.
 There was Mongol invasion by Timur, killed
thousands of people.

21. CONT….
 After Tughlaq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and Lodi
dynasty ruled over Delhi.
 Bahlol Lodi was the first ruler of the Lodi dynasty.
 He was succeeded by Sikandar Lodi and Ibrahim
Lodi.
 Ibrahim Lodi failed to gain support of nobles and
finally Daulat Khan Lodiinvited Babur, the ruler of
Kabul to invade India and overthrow Ibrahim Lodi.
 Babur defeated Ibrahim lodi in first Battle of Panipat
in 1526.

22. Administration under the Khaljis& Tughlaqs
Land were
called iqtas
Holder of iqtas
were called
iqtadars or
muqtis
Duty of muqtis
was to lead
military
campaign
The muqtis
collected
revenue as
salary
Accounted keep
check on muktis

23. IBN BATTUTA
He was a traveller from
Morocco, Africa.
He had describe about Delhi
Sultan in his account.

24. Comparison between Alauddin Khalji and
Muhammad-bin Tughlaq
• Alauddin Khalji
• He raised a huge
army.
• He constructed a new
garrison town
named Siri for his
soldiers.
• The soldiers had to be
fed.
• The tax was fixed at
50% of produce of
land.
• His administrative
measures were
successful and
effective.
• Muhammad-
bin-Tughlaq
• He laso raised a
large standing army.
• He got emptied old
towns of Delhi for
soldiers .
• Taxes from same
areas were collected
to feed soldiers.
• His soldiers were
also paid in cash.
• His administrative
measures were a
failure

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