Mamardashvili, an Observer of the Totality. About “Symbol and Consciousness”,...Vasil Penchev
The paper discusses a few tensions “crucifying” the works and even personality of the great Georgian philosopher Merab Mamardashvili: East and West; human being and thought, symbol and consciousness, infinity and finiteness, similarity and differences. The observer can be involved as the correlative counterpart of the totality: An observer opposed to the totality externalizes an internal part outside. Thus the phenomena of an observer and the totality turn out to converge to each other or to be one and the same. In other words, the phenomenon of an observer includes the singularity of the solipsistic Self, which (or “who”) is the same as that of the totality. Furthermore, observation can be thought as that primary and initial action underlain by the phenomenon of an observer. That action of observation consists in the externalization of the solipsistic Self outside as some external reality. It is both a zero action and the singularity of the phenomenon of action. The main conclusions are: Mamardashvili’s philosophy can be thought both as the suffering effort to be a human being again and again as well as the philosophical reflection on the genesis of thought from itself by the same effort. Thus it can be recognized as a powerful tension between signs anа symbol, between conscious structures and consciousness, between the syncretism of the East and the discursiveness of the West crucifying spiritually Georgia
The document discusses Peirce's theory of semiotics as an alternative to Saussure's structuralist approach. It outlines some key issues with structuralism, such as the tendency towards reductionism, subjectivity, and the idea that meaning is endlessly deferred. Peirce's semiotics offers a solution by defining the sign as a triadic relationship between representamen, object, and interpretant. This closes the gap between signifier and signified. Meaning arises from the sign-making process itself, rather than being located outside or behind statements. However, people must choose the "ground" or context within which to interpret signs, so some subjectivity is inevitable. Peirce's theory allows for rational disagreement and
This document provides an introduction and overview of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's book Sense and Non-Sense. It summarizes Merleau-Ponty's key philosophical insights and how they are applied in the essays collected in the book. Specifically, it discusses how Merleau-Ponty builds on phenomenology to argue that rationality emerges from our embodied experience of the world and is always incomplete and open to change, rather than being predetermined. The introduction also summarizes the book's structure and themes and places Merleau-Ponty's work in historical context.
1. The document discusses structuralism and its key concepts like signifier/signified relationships and the arbitrary nature of signs.
2. It contrasts structuralism with other approaches like formalism, psychoanalytic criticism, and intentional fallacy. Structuralism focuses only on the internal relations between textual elements rather than meanings outside the text.
3. Roman Jakobson played a key role in linking Russian formalism and structuralism through his work on the poetic function of language and metaphor/metonymy.
From the History of the Concepts of the Abstract and the ConcreteAndré Rodrigues
- Christian philosophers like Wolff viewed the abstract as more valuable than the concrete, which was associated with sensuality and the flesh. The abstract was seen as pure while the concrete was mundane.
- Later materialist philosophers reversed this distinction, viewing the concrete as more valuable. Consistent materialists like Spinoza stressed that concepts cannot be conceived abstractly, separate from reality.
- Hegel viewed concepts as expressing the unity of particulars in a "single complex," making them both abstract and concrete. For Hegel, abstraction only occurs outside of theoretical discourse; within it, definitions become concrete.
The document discusses Roland Barthes' analysis of advertisements and structuralism. It provides context on Barthes' life and work, including his interest in semiotics, literary theory, and linguistics. It summarizes his 1964 essay "Rhetoric of the Image" where he analyzes a Panzani advertisement. Barthes identifies the advertisement's linguistic message in the caption and labels, its symbolic message in the signs conveyed by the images, and its literal message in the direct representations of the items depicted. The document also provides context on structuralism and key concepts from Barthes' analysis of how images encode and impose cultural meaning beyond their literal denotations.
Roland Barthes was a leading theorist of semiotics and post-structuralism. In his 1957 book Mythologies, Barthes examines how contemporary social systems create modern myths by draining original ideas of their real meaning and repackaging them with a new signification. Barthes analyzes examples from everyday French life and develops Ferdinand de Saussure's theory of signs by adding a second level of signification where signs are elevated to the level of myth. Barthes believes dominant ideologies successfully present themselves as popular by stripping images of their actual context and meaning to create myths that imply very different messages than reality.
Mamardashvili, an Observer of the Totality. About “Symbol and Consciousness”,...Vasil Penchev
The paper discusses a few tensions “crucifying” the works and even personality of the great Georgian philosopher Merab Mamardashvili: East and West; human being and thought, symbol and consciousness, infinity and finiteness, similarity and differences. The observer can be involved as the correlative counterpart of the totality: An observer opposed to the totality externalizes an internal part outside. Thus the phenomena of an observer and the totality turn out to converge to each other or to be one and the same. In other words, the phenomenon of an observer includes the singularity of the solipsistic Self, which (or “who”) is the same as that of the totality. Furthermore, observation can be thought as that primary and initial action underlain by the phenomenon of an observer. That action of observation consists in the externalization of the solipsistic Self outside as some external reality. It is both a zero action and the singularity of the phenomenon of action. The main conclusions are: Mamardashvili’s philosophy can be thought both as the suffering effort to be a human being again and again as well as the philosophical reflection on the genesis of thought from itself by the same effort. Thus it can be recognized as a powerful tension between signs anа symbol, between conscious structures and consciousness, between the syncretism of the East and the discursiveness of the West crucifying spiritually Georgia
The document discusses Peirce's theory of semiotics as an alternative to Saussure's structuralist approach. It outlines some key issues with structuralism, such as the tendency towards reductionism, subjectivity, and the idea that meaning is endlessly deferred. Peirce's semiotics offers a solution by defining the sign as a triadic relationship between representamen, object, and interpretant. This closes the gap between signifier and signified. Meaning arises from the sign-making process itself, rather than being located outside or behind statements. However, people must choose the "ground" or context within which to interpret signs, so some subjectivity is inevitable. Peirce's theory allows for rational disagreement and
This document provides an introduction and overview of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's book Sense and Non-Sense. It summarizes Merleau-Ponty's key philosophical insights and how they are applied in the essays collected in the book. Specifically, it discusses how Merleau-Ponty builds on phenomenology to argue that rationality emerges from our embodied experience of the world and is always incomplete and open to change, rather than being predetermined. The introduction also summarizes the book's structure and themes and places Merleau-Ponty's work in historical context.
1. The document discusses structuralism and its key concepts like signifier/signified relationships and the arbitrary nature of signs.
2. It contrasts structuralism with other approaches like formalism, psychoanalytic criticism, and intentional fallacy. Structuralism focuses only on the internal relations between textual elements rather than meanings outside the text.
3. Roman Jakobson played a key role in linking Russian formalism and structuralism through his work on the poetic function of language and metaphor/metonymy.
From the History of the Concepts of the Abstract and the ConcreteAndré Rodrigues
- Christian philosophers like Wolff viewed the abstract as more valuable than the concrete, which was associated with sensuality and the flesh. The abstract was seen as pure while the concrete was mundane.
- Later materialist philosophers reversed this distinction, viewing the concrete as more valuable. Consistent materialists like Spinoza stressed that concepts cannot be conceived abstractly, separate from reality.
- Hegel viewed concepts as expressing the unity of particulars in a "single complex," making them both abstract and concrete. For Hegel, abstraction only occurs outside of theoretical discourse; within it, definitions become concrete.
The document discusses Roland Barthes' analysis of advertisements and structuralism. It provides context on Barthes' life and work, including his interest in semiotics, literary theory, and linguistics. It summarizes his 1964 essay "Rhetoric of the Image" where he analyzes a Panzani advertisement. Barthes identifies the advertisement's linguistic message in the caption and labels, its symbolic message in the signs conveyed by the images, and its literal message in the direct representations of the items depicted. The document also provides context on structuralism and key concepts from Barthes' analysis of how images encode and impose cultural meaning beyond their literal denotations.
Roland Barthes was a leading theorist of semiotics and post-structuralism. In his 1957 book Mythologies, Barthes examines how contemporary social systems create modern myths by draining original ideas of their real meaning and repackaging them with a new signification. Barthes analyzes examples from everyday French life and develops Ferdinand de Saussure's theory of signs by adding a second level of signification where signs are elevated to the level of myth. Barthes believes dominant ideologies successfully present themselves as popular by stripping images of their actual context and meaning to create myths that imply very different messages than reality.
The document discusses Roland Barthes' theory of five codes that shape how meaning is constructed in a text without definitively determining meaning. The five codes are: the proairetic code, which builds tension and mystery; the semantic code, which suggests additional meanings through connotation; the hermeneutic code, which organizes deeper meanings; the symbolic code, which draws on wider cultural knowledge; and the cultural code, which examines how binary opposites influence meaning based on cultural values. The document also references Claude Levi-Strauss' theory about how meaning arises from opposing concepts.
Semiotic analysis examines how signs (signifiers and their meanings/signifieds) create and depend on relationships to convey meaning in visual culture. Ferdinand de Saussure's early 20th century work established that the relationship between a signifier and signified is arbitrary and contextual. His theory demonstrated that signs derive meaning differentially based on their relationships with other signs. Applying semiotic analysis to examples of the color red showed that its meaning depends on the specific context, such as whether it is used in a painting, advertisement, or other visual work.
From visual culture_to_visual_art_-_the_normative_shift-libreUNAM ENAP
This document summarizes and analyzes an article about distinguishing visual art from visual culture. It makes three key points:
1) Traditional concepts of "fine art" are problematic as they reflect Western patriarchal values, but visual art can still be distinguished from other imagery based on its intrinsic aesthetic significance and comparative relations to other works.
2) An analysis of Gauguin's painting "Manao Tupapapau" shows how focusing only on the historical context can distort a work's meaning, which is better understood through its complex pictorial strategies compared to other works.
3) For a visual image to transcend mere utility and have intrinsic significance, it must articulate pictorial space through assimil
Philosophy of Numerical Symbolism in World’s Culturesijtsrd
Understanding symbolic consciousness as a specific way of knowing reality, the semantic center of which is a symbol, suggests the possibility of representing global meanings in a symbolic form. In the absence of sufficient scientific knowledge, a person by nature inclined to symbolization, in the process of cognition creates a special way of mastering this world symbolic, which, reflecting the most essential relations of the surrounding reality, provides him with the key to understanding the ontology of the world. The idea of number, considered, in the words of G. Biedermann, as the“ arche ” originals and essences of all things, as a dominant and uncreated connection and the basis of the eternal stability of the intra world order of things1. Matluba Sadullaeva Akhrorovna "Philosophy of Numerical Symbolism in World’s Cultures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33219.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/philosophy/33219/philosophy-of-numerical-symbolism-in-world’s-cultures/matluba-sadullaeva-akhrorovna
Roland Barthes analyzed how images can be interpreted as signs or symbols that convey cultural meanings through semiotics, the study of sign systems. He argued that images do not simply depict objects but construct meanings in the same way that language and myths do. Barthes believed images could have linguistic, iconic/symbolic, and literal/denotative meanings. He also analyzed how myths take preexisting signs like images and language and reshape them to communicate new conceptual meanings while obscuring their original historical meanings. Barthes examined how images in advertising and media convey layered messages through their visual symbols and text.
Tutorial on Creative Metaphor ProcessingTony Veale
Metaphor is both a rhetorical device and a cognitive lever. It allows us to make the familiar seem strange and the strange feel familiar. It allows us to use our knowledge of a well-understood domain to structure and fill-out a domain in which we are less knowledgeable, or for which we lack the established terminology. In short, metaphor gives new life to our words, and new power to our concepts.
The tutorial focuses on the computational processing of metaphor: how might a computer understand a metaphor, and how might a computer generate meaningful and novel metaphors of its own?
This document summarizes a reaction paper written by Garnette Dayang Robert about the reading "The Geometry of Feeling" by Juhani Pallasmaa. The reading discusses how architecture has become more technology-focused, analyzing buildings as arrangements of visual elements. Pallasmaa questions if individual building elements truly define architectural effect. The author also notes that occupants give buildings meaning through interactions, not just form and structure. A building's purpose is understood through the feelings and experiences people have within it. In summary, the reading examines how architecture impacts human experience and consciousness beyond just its physical properties.
The document discusses the evolving nature of dimensions and how our perception and understanding of dimensions is influenced by factors like our minds and scientific/mathematical advances. It provides examples of how dimensions are defined differently in various contexts and disciplines, and how dimensions are not limited to the 3 we can intuitively visualize. The fractal dimensions of the proposed Tower project are meant to separate perception of space from expectations of Euclidean geometry.
The document summarizes four reaction papers written by a student for an architecture course. The first paper discusses Kenneth Frampton's ideas about relating a building's form to the natural context and resisting placelessness. The second paper compares ideology and theory in architecture and discusses how semiotics can help develop theories. The third paper emphasizes that architecture should evoke emotions through experience rather than just visual form. The fourth paper summarizes Jane Jacobs's work on failures of city planning and new principles for rebuilding cities.
The document discusses Tzvetan Todorov's theories on narrative structure. It states that Todorov divides a conventional narrative into three acts: a beginning, middle, and end. The beginning establishes equilibrium in the story world, the middle contains events that disrupt this equilibrium and introduce disequilibrium, and the end achieves a new state of equilibrium by resolving the conflicts introduced in the middle.
Roland Barthes was a French literary theorist, philosopher, critic, and semiotician born in 1915 who died in 1980. He pioneered structuralism and post-structuralist theories of culture. Barthes was interested in how meaning is constructed and explored fields like semiotics, structuralism, and post-structuralism. He believed that society is constructed through signs and symbols. Barthes emphasized that the meaning of signs is plural and ambiguous rather than having fixed denotations or connotations.
The document discusses image schemas, which are simple embodied concepts we develop from sensory experiences with objects in the world. Image schemas help us understand abstract concepts by mapping bodily experiences onto more complex domains. Some key examples of image schemas discussed are containment, in-out, and source-path-goal. The document argues that image schemas are developed early in life and provide a foundation for logical reasoning and language comprehension by linking our physical interactions with conceptual understanding.
This document discusses Rudolf Arnheim's theory that there is a dynamic opposition between order and disorder in all organized systems, including works of art. Arnheim viewed disorder as competing orders clashing, rather than an absence of order. The tension between opposing forces of order and disorder results in an aesthetically dynamic state. The document also examines criticisms of applying entropy theory to open cognitive systems and proposes some solutions to conceptual issues in Arnheim's framework, such as simplifying language, using examples, and defining a clear methodology.
This document provides an overview of the concept of hermeneutics. It discusses the origins and meaning of the word hermeneutics, tracing it back to the Greek god Hermes. It examines how figures like Plato, St. Augustine, and Friedrich Schleiermacher contributed to the development of hermeneutics. Key points include: Hermeneutics is the art of interpretation; Plato associated Hermes with language and speech in his dialogue Cratylus; St. Augustine discussed rules for interpreting texts, especially scripture; Schleiermacher recognized understanding requires considering both language and the thinker who uses that language.
Surrealism in Literature- It's Definition, Origins, Examples and Key FeaturesNikki Akraminejad
Surrealism originated in the early 20th century as a literary and artistic movement that sought to express the workings of the unconscious mind. It combined unrelated images in strange and dreamlike ways to produce unexpected effects. Officially beginning in 1924 with Andre Breton's Manifesto of Surrealism, it became an international movement influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis. Surrealist artists like Dali and Magritte created iconic surrealist images that exposed psychological truths through unexpected juxtapositions. The movement spread globally, influencing literature, film, visual art and theater through the 20th century.
The document provides an analysis of T.S. Eliot's poem "The Wasteland" through the lens of surrealism. It notes that Eliot creates irrational juxtapositions of realistic images, like describing winter keeping people warm through forgetful snow. This challenges readers by not following logical expectations. Eliot also uses mysterious symbolism, like the title "The Wasteland," that the reader must work to interpret. Additionally, the disjointed narrative style resembles stream of consciousness writing, moving quickly between images with little connectivity, mimicking human thought processes. These surreal techniques make the poem difficult for readers to follow rationally and require assessing it on its own terms.
Literature and tacit knowledge of emotionsTeresa Levy
This document discusses how literature can disclose tacit knowledge of emotions. It argues that at least some important emotions cannot be fully understood outside of behavioral contexts and are mainly tacit. The document examines different types of tacit knowledge, including "knowledge by familiarity" and "know-what." It claims that literature can disclose tacit emotional knowledge through devices like metaphors and distance from one's own emotions. Examples from literature are said to help articulate this kind of knowledge in a way that is similar to "hinting" at the tacit knowledge.
“The Archetypal Lens” is a presentation exploring the preliminary application of an Integral approach to archetypes and archetypes in the cinematic arts. Presented at MetaIntegral Academy for the Advanced Meta‐Movieology Course on April 16, 2015. (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3885.0724)
This document discusses Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poems "Kubla Khan" and "Dejection: An Ode" in the context of his aesthetic and spiritual idealism and postmodern criticism like Deconstruction. It argues that Coleridge's works demonstrate a "poetics of becoming" through their portrayal of the transforming creative self, rather than poetic or imaginative failure. The document defines key terms and discusses different critical perspectives on Coleridge to support its view that his poems show progress towards ideals through contradiction and irony, rather than total impossibility.
Roland Barthes' Camera Lucida provides concise reflections on photography informed by his interests in semiology, linguistics, and psychoanalysis. Barthes analyzes photographs based on the distinction between the "studium", the obvious meaning, and the "punctum", a unexpected detail that deeply affects the viewer. A key example is a photo of soldiers contrasted with passing nuns. Barthes uses photography to explore human existence and confront the inevitability of death, as seen in the ominous skull in Holbein's painting "The Ambassadors". For Barthes, the semiology of photography represents the function of mourning what cannot be regained, like his deceased mother.
The document discusses the true God and contrasts him with false gods created by humans in eastern and western civilizations. It describes how the true God is portrayed in the Bible as eternal, all-powerful, and the creator and sustainer of all life. In contrast, when humans refuse to worship God, they create their own gods which reflect their own sinful nature rather than divine qualities. The document also recounts the story from the book of Daniel where Daniel interprets a mysterious writing on the wall that leads to the downfall of King Belshazzar's kingdom.
Kororoit Institute-MPCCC combined presentation to East West Link Assessment C...Tony Smith
- The proposed East West Link project would have significant negative impacts and is not supported by the speaker.
- It would destroy important community assets in Royal Park like wetlands, sports fields, and playgrounds. It would also negatively impact neighborhoods.
- Alternative transport options like improved public transit and existing roads could better address transport needs without the large costs and environmental damages of the proposed project.
- The project boundaries and impacts were poorly defined, while many other stakeholders were absent from discussions. A proper analysis of alternatives as required by law was not adequately conducted.
The document discusses Roland Barthes' theory of five codes that shape how meaning is constructed in a text without definitively determining meaning. The five codes are: the proairetic code, which builds tension and mystery; the semantic code, which suggests additional meanings through connotation; the hermeneutic code, which organizes deeper meanings; the symbolic code, which draws on wider cultural knowledge; and the cultural code, which examines how binary opposites influence meaning based on cultural values. The document also references Claude Levi-Strauss' theory about how meaning arises from opposing concepts.
Semiotic analysis examines how signs (signifiers and their meanings/signifieds) create and depend on relationships to convey meaning in visual culture. Ferdinand de Saussure's early 20th century work established that the relationship between a signifier and signified is arbitrary and contextual. His theory demonstrated that signs derive meaning differentially based on their relationships with other signs. Applying semiotic analysis to examples of the color red showed that its meaning depends on the specific context, such as whether it is used in a painting, advertisement, or other visual work.
From visual culture_to_visual_art_-_the_normative_shift-libreUNAM ENAP
This document summarizes and analyzes an article about distinguishing visual art from visual culture. It makes three key points:
1) Traditional concepts of "fine art" are problematic as they reflect Western patriarchal values, but visual art can still be distinguished from other imagery based on its intrinsic aesthetic significance and comparative relations to other works.
2) An analysis of Gauguin's painting "Manao Tupapapau" shows how focusing only on the historical context can distort a work's meaning, which is better understood through its complex pictorial strategies compared to other works.
3) For a visual image to transcend mere utility and have intrinsic significance, it must articulate pictorial space through assimil
Philosophy of Numerical Symbolism in World’s Culturesijtsrd
Understanding symbolic consciousness as a specific way of knowing reality, the semantic center of which is a symbol, suggests the possibility of representing global meanings in a symbolic form. In the absence of sufficient scientific knowledge, a person by nature inclined to symbolization, in the process of cognition creates a special way of mastering this world symbolic, which, reflecting the most essential relations of the surrounding reality, provides him with the key to understanding the ontology of the world. The idea of number, considered, in the words of G. Biedermann, as the“ arche ” originals and essences of all things, as a dominant and uncreated connection and the basis of the eternal stability of the intra world order of things1. Matluba Sadullaeva Akhrorovna "Philosophy of Numerical Symbolism in World’s Cultures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33219.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/philosophy/33219/philosophy-of-numerical-symbolism-in-world’s-cultures/matluba-sadullaeva-akhrorovna
Roland Barthes analyzed how images can be interpreted as signs or symbols that convey cultural meanings through semiotics, the study of sign systems. He argued that images do not simply depict objects but construct meanings in the same way that language and myths do. Barthes believed images could have linguistic, iconic/symbolic, and literal/denotative meanings. He also analyzed how myths take preexisting signs like images and language and reshape them to communicate new conceptual meanings while obscuring their original historical meanings. Barthes examined how images in advertising and media convey layered messages through their visual symbols and text.
Tutorial on Creative Metaphor ProcessingTony Veale
Metaphor is both a rhetorical device and a cognitive lever. It allows us to make the familiar seem strange and the strange feel familiar. It allows us to use our knowledge of a well-understood domain to structure and fill-out a domain in which we are less knowledgeable, or for which we lack the established terminology. In short, metaphor gives new life to our words, and new power to our concepts.
The tutorial focuses on the computational processing of metaphor: how might a computer understand a metaphor, and how might a computer generate meaningful and novel metaphors of its own?
This document summarizes a reaction paper written by Garnette Dayang Robert about the reading "The Geometry of Feeling" by Juhani Pallasmaa. The reading discusses how architecture has become more technology-focused, analyzing buildings as arrangements of visual elements. Pallasmaa questions if individual building elements truly define architectural effect. The author also notes that occupants give buildings meaning through interactions, not just form and structure. A building's purpose is understood through the feelings and experiences people have within it. In summary, the reading examines how architecture impacts human experience and consciousness beyond just its physical properties.
The document discusses the evolving nature of dimensions and how our perception and understanding of dimensions is influenced by factors like our minds and scientific/mathematical advances. It provides examples of how dimensions are defined differently in various contexts and disciplines, and how dimensions are not limited to the 3 we can intuitively visualize. The fractal dimensions of the proposed Tower project are meant to separate perception of space from expectations of Euclidean geometry.
The document summarizes four reaction papers written by a student for an architecture course. The first paper discusses Kenneth Frampton's ideas about relating a building's form to the natural context and resisting placelessness. The second paper compares ideology and theory in architecture and discusses how semiotics can help develop theories. The third paper emphasizes that architecture should evoke emotions through experience rather than just visual form. The fourth paper summarizes Jane Jacobs's work on failures of city planning and new principles for rebuilding cities.
The document discusses Tzvetan Todorov's theories on narrative structure. It states that Todorov divides a conventional narrative into three acts: a beginning, middle, and end. The beginning establishes equilibrium in the story world, the middle contains events that disrupt this equilibrium and introduce disequilibrium, and the end achieves a new state of equilibrium by resolving the conflicts introduced in the middle.
Roland Barthes was a French literary theorist, philosopher, critic, and semiotician born in 1915 who died in 1980. He pioneered structuralism and post-structuralist theories of culture. Barthes was interested in how meaning is constructed and explored fields like semiotics, structuralism, and post-structuralism. He believed that society is constructed through signs and symbols. Barthes emphasized that the meaning of signs is plural and ambiguous rather than having fixed denotations or connotations.
The document discusses image schemas, which are simple embodied concepts we develop from sensory experiences with objects in the world. Image schemas help us understand abstract concepts by mapping bodily experiences onto more complex domains. Some key examples of image schemas discussed are containment, in-out, and source-path-goal. The document argues that image schemas are developed early in life and provide a foundation for logical reasoning and language comprehension by linking our physical interactions with conceptual understanding.
This document discusses Rudolf Arnheim's theory that there is a dynamic opposition between order and disorder in all organized systems, including works of art. Arnheim viewed disorder as competing orders clashing, rather than an absence of order. The tension between opposing forces of order and disorder results in an aesthetically dynamic state. The document also examines criticisms of applying entropy theory to open cognitive systems and proposes some solutions to conceptual issues in Arnheim's framework, such as simplifying language, using examples, and defining a clear methodology.
This document provides an overview of the concept of hermeneutics. It discusses the origins and meaning of the word hermeneutics, tracing it back to the Greek god Hermes. It examines how figures like Plato, St. Augustine, and Friedrich Schleiermacher contributed to the development of hermeneutics. Key points include: Hermeneutics is the art of interpretation; Plato associated Hermes with language and speech in his dialogue Cratylus; St. Augustine discussed rules for interpreting texts, especially scripture; Schleiermacher recognized understanding requires considering both language and the thinker who uses that language.
Surrealism in Literature- It's Definition, Origins, Examples and Key FeaturesNikki Akraminejad
Surrealism originated in the early 20th century as a literary and artistic movement that sought to express the workings of the unconscious mind. It combined unrelated images in strange and dreamlike ways to produce unexpected effects. Officially beginning in 1924 with Andre Breton's Manifesto of Surrealism, it became an international movement influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis. Surrealist artists like Dali and Magritte created iconic surrealist images that exposed psychological truths through unexpected juxtapositions. The movement spread globally, influencing literature, film, visual art and theater through the 20th century.
The document provides an analysis of T.S. Eliot's poem "The Wasteland" through the lens of surrealism. It notes that Eliot creates irrational juxtapositions of realistic images, like describing winter keeping people warm through forgetful snow. This challenges readers by not following logical expectations. Eliot also uses mysterious symbolism, like the title "The Wasteland," that the reader must work to interpret. Additionally, the disjointed narrative style resembles stream of consciousness writing, moving quickly between images with little connectivity, mimicking human thought processes. These surreal techniques make the poem difficult for readers to follow rationally and require assessing it on its own terms.
Literature and tacit knowledge of emotionsTeresa Levy
This document discusses how literature can disclose tacit knowledge of emotions. It argues that at least some important emotions cannot be fully understood outside of behavioral contexts and are mainly tacit. The document examines different types of tacit knowledge, including "knowledge by familiarity" and "know-what." It claims that literature can disclose tacit emotional knowledge through devices like metaphors and distance from one's own emotions. Examples from literature are said to help articulate this kind of knowledge in a way that is similar to "hinting" at the tacit knowledge.
“The Archetypal Lens” is a presentation exploring the preliminary application of an Integral approach to archetypes and archetypes in the cinematic arts. Presented at MetaIntegral Academy for the Advanced Meta‐Movieology Course on April 16, 2015. (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3885.0724)
This document discusses Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poems "Kubla Khan" and "Dejection: An Ode" in the context of his aesthetic and spiritual idealism and postmodern criticism like Deconstruction. It argues that Coleridge's works demonstrate a "poetics of becoming" through their portrayal of the transforming creative self, rather than poetic or imaginative failure. The document defines key terms and discusses different critical perspectives on Coleridge to support its view that his poems show progress towards ideals through contradiction and irony, rather than total impossibility.
Roland Barthes' Camera Lucida provides concise reflections on photography informed by his interests in semiology, linguistics, and psychoanalysis. Barthes analyzes photographs based on the distinction between the "studium", the obvious meaning, and the "punctum", a unexpected detail that deeply affects the viewer. A key example is a photo of soldiers contrasted with passing nuns. Barthes uses photography to explore human existence and confront the inevitability of death, as seen in the ominous skull in Holbein's painting "The Ambassadors". For Barthes, the semiology of photography represents the function of mourning what cannot be regained, like his deceased mother.
The document discusses the true God and contrasts him with false gods created by humans in eastern and western civilizations. It describes how the true God is portrayed in the Bible as eternal, all-powerful, and the creator and sustainer of all life. In contrast, when humans refuse to worship God, they create their own gods which reflect their own sinful nature rather than divine qualities. The document also recounts the story from the book of Daniel where Daniel interprets a mysterious writing on the wall that leads to the downfall of King Belshazzar's kingdom.
Kororoit Institute-MPCCC combined presentation to East West Link Assessment C...Tony Smith
- The proposed East West Link project would have significant negative impacts and is not supported by the speaker.
- It would destroy important community assets in Royal Park like wetlands, sports fields, and playgrounds. It would also negatively impact neighborhoods.
- Alternative transport options like improved public transit and existing roads could better address transport needs without the large costs and environmental damages of the proposed project.
- The project boundaries and impacts were poorly defined, while many other stakeholders were absent from discussions. A proper analysis of alternatives as required by law was not adequately conducted.
This document provides an overview of the seminar on East-West negotiations. It introduces the instructor and outlines the course agenda, including a preview of the syllabus, individual student introductions, and a discussion on ebook materials. The syllabus will cover Western and cross-cultural negotiation fundamentals through simulations and a case study. Students will form application teams to relate course concepts to personal experiences. Evaluation will be based on participation, assignments, and a final simulation plan.
a pdf version of a lesson on cultural differences. i have used this as a warm up for many lessons when observations are required. has never failed. can be converted to ppt very easily.
The document discusses differences between Eastern and Western beliefs and behaviors. It contrasts beliefs around concepts like death, the importance of flesh, the nature of truth, and whether truth is global or local. It also discusses how differing beliefs lead to different behaviors and observed outcomes in business and cultures. The document suggests that the clash between civilizations is really a clash between subjective beliefs from different parts of the world.
This document provides a high-level overview of differences between Western and Eastern mentalities. It discusses key differences in areas such as ego, individualism vs collectivism, anger, social networks, problem-solving approaches, self-expression, openness to novelty, punctuality, restaurant behavior, drinking, meals, trends, moods, travel, beauty standards, family structures, weekends, and queues. It also summarizes differences in leadership styles between the West and East based on the GLOBE study. The document aims to provide an elegant depiction of the complex concepts around how Eastern and Western mentalities meet and influence each other.
This presentation shows the point of view of one Chinese person, who was born and raised in German, about the differences between Western and Eastern Cultures!!! Let\'s watch and share me your opinion, pls. Thanks for watchinh!!!
The document provides an overview of Vietnamese culture by comparing it to East and West cultures. It discusses that Vietnam has a population of 87 million people living primarily in rural areas with an agriculture-based culture. Key aspects of Vietnamese culture include the importance of family and seniority as well as influences from Buddhism, Confucianism, and traditions that value subtle non-verbal communication over direct responses. The document then contrasts Eastern and Western cultural dimensions based on Geert Hofstede's cultural framework.
What is culture?
Where did western culture come from?
How is it different from Chinese culture?
How should I deal with these differences at work?
See more on www.randomwire.com
This document presents a comparison of cultural differences between Asian and Western attitudes and behaviors. It uses icons colored blue to represent Western attitudes and red to represent Asian attitudes across various topics like opinions, way of life, punctuality, anger, queuing, traveling, handling problems, and social norms. The presentation is meant to help explain some fundamental cultural variations between Asian and Western societies.
This document presents a pictorial representation contrasting cultural differences between Western and Eastern cultures in areas such as punctuality, queues, parties, meals, transportation, treatment of elders, and attitudes towards bosses and children. While generalizations should be avoided, the drawings capture key distinctions that can be useful for those working with people from different cultures across corporate settings.
This document provides a comparison of lifestyle differences between people from Eastern and Western cultures. It touches on topics such as punctuality, social contacts, expressing anger, queuing, weekends, partying, dining out, drinking, traveling, problem solving, respect for elders, the influence of weather on mood, family roles, and perceptions of each other. The document uses icons to represent Eastern and Western cultures.
The document discusses differences between Eastern and Western business cultures. It notes that while cultures share some aspects, they differ significantly in important ways like communication style, decision making, and views on individualism vs collectivism. Specifically, it outlines differences between Asian cultures like respect for hierarchy and saving face in China and formality in interactions and punctuality in Japan. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these cultural nuances to build effective cross-cultural relationships and bridge gaps between East and West.
Cross Cultural Training PowerPoint PresentationAndrew Schwartz
(ReadySetPresent Cross-Cultural Training PowerPoint Content)
155 slides include: 21+ slides on cross-cultural regional attributes: Asia, Africa, Europe, Middle East, North American, and Latin America, 22 slides on Religious belief systems & Practices, 7 slides on Non-verbal languages across cultures, 19 slides on noting the global challenges and looking for intercultural/cross-cultural opportunities, 9 tips dealing with cultural differences, 9 slides of tips and techniques on intercultural adjustments for expatriates, 15 slides on Intercultural Dialogue tips and techniques, 5 slides on negotiation across cultures, 8 slides on conflict resolution across cultures, how to’s and more.
Cross Cultural PowerPoint PPT Content Modern SampleAndrew Schwartz
159 slides include: 21+ slides on cross-cultural regional attributes: Asia, Africa, Europe, Middle East, North American, and Latin America, religious belief systems & practices, Non-verbal languages across cultures, noting the global challenges and looking for intercultural/cross-cultural opportunities, 9 tips dealing with cultural differences, tips and techniques on intercultural adjustments for expatriates, intercultural dialogue tips and techniques, negotiation across cultures, conflict resolution across cultures, how to’s and more.
The document discusses the emergence and key ideas of New Criticism in the 1920s-1930s. New Critics such as Cleanth Brooks, Robert Penn Warren, and John Crowe Ransom privileged poetry as having an organic unity and counteracting industrialization. They defined poetry through its formal structure and warned against reducing poems to thematic statements. Structuralism emerged and viewed meaning as deriving from timeless, universal structures within sign systems. Claude Levi-Strauss applied structuralism to anthropology and examined cultural concepts like totems and taboos. Lacan later reworked Freudian psychoanalysis using structuralist concepts like the real, imaginary, and symbolic orders and introduced ideas like the mirror stage.
The document discusses key concepts in symbolism including duality, opposition, and cycles. It argues that symbolism involves the expression of context rather than just the representation of content. Western culture focuses too much on understanding symbols by analyzing their content rather than appreciating the relationships and sequences between symbols. True meaning is found in the context surrounding cultural objects, not just in the objects themselves. Key aspects of symbolism include duality between opposites, the importance of sequences in cycles, and viewing culture as a medium that transmits symbols rather than just produces them.
The document discusses several key concepts from post-structuralism and how they relate to writers, readers, and meaning. It argues that 1) writers are constituted by their texts and the social meanings embedded within language, rather than being original owners of meaning, 2) readers are active interpreters of texts rather than passive receivers of meaning from an author, and 3) meaning is unstable, deferred, and arises from the differences between signs rather than being directly present or fully contained within any single text or sign.
The document discusses several key concepts from post-structuralism and how they relate to writers, readers, and meaning. It argues that 1) writers are constituted by their texts and the social meanings embedded within language, rather than being original owners of meaning, 2) readers are active interpreters of texts rather than passive receivers of meaning from an author, and 3) meaning is unstable, deferred, and arises from the differences between signs rather than being directly present or fully contained within any single sign.
Archetypal criticism examines literature through the lens of universal symbols, images, and story patterns known as archetypes. This approach originated from Jung's theory of a collective unconscious containing archetypes inherited from a remote past. Key proponents like Frye applied the theory to literature by identifying common archetypes like the hero's journey. Archetypal critics believe these archetypes reveal literature's power by tapping into shared human experiences, fears, and desires. Readers can recognize archetypes and find meaning by connecting works to basic patterns in mythology and the human condition. However, some critics argue it ignores individual authors and historical/cultural influences.
PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXES: How the Ancient Astrologers learn of itWilliam John Meegan
The document discusses how ancient astrologers could have learned about the precession of the equinoxes through observation and symbolic/iconographic thinking rather than just literal observation. It introduces the concept of the "Matrix of Wisdom," a symbolic representation of the soul and psyche that is said to be the foundation for many religious and esoteric traditions. Calculations based on coloring and numbering cells in the Matrix of Wisdom produce values close to half and the full precession of the equinoxes cycle, suggesting this was how ancient astrologers envisioned and calculated the precession.
1. The debate around the veil in France crystallized around the notion of the sign and its ostentatious nature. However, from an Islamic theological perspective, the veil is not a sign but rather something that partially or totally occulted the feminine body because the body indicates too much.
2. The veil is the anti-sign that negates the body's immediate presence to sight in order to render the woman's body present through this negation. It effects a "de-demonstration" of how a woman becomes an obscure sign.
3. In Islamic tradition, there is a founding narrative scene where the future prophet Muhammad sees an angel and doubts his sanity. His wife Khadija unveils her
This document discusses Ferdinand de Saussure's model of the linguistic sign. It explains that for Saussure, a sign is composed of a signifier, the form that the sign takes, and a signified, the concept it represents. Saussure argued that signs only have meaning as part of a larger system of relationships between signs. The document also discusses how later theorists have developed and critiqued aspects of Saussure's model, such as giving more emphasis to the materiality of the signifier or challenging the clear distinction between signifier and signified. It provides context on Saussure's views and influence in the development of semiotic theory.
This is a detail analysis of 11 out 20 woodcut carving from the Rosarium Philosophorum demonstrating them to be a commentary on the first chapter of Genesis Creation Account.
Plato's Allegory of the Cave uses the imagery of prisoners chained in a cave to distinguish between appearance and reality. The prisoners only see shadows cast on the cave wall by a fire behind them. They believe these shadows constitute true reality. If one prisoner is freed and sees the true forms of reality outside, they will struggle to readjust upon returning to the cave. The allegory illustrates Plato's theory of forms, which asserts that abstract concepts like beauty and justice have perfect, eternal forms that exist beyond the physical world.
The Essence of Aesthetic by Benedetto CroceNelsonPiojo2
This document provides biographical information about the Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce and summarizes some of his key ideas about aesthetics.
Benedetto Croce was an influential 20th century Italian philosopher who viewed philosophy as the study of the mind or spirit. He believed the mind operates through intuition and logic. Croce argued that all mental activity is founded on the aesthetic, which has no purpose other than intuition or expression. He viewed art as the most developed form of intuition and expression. Croce also claimed that to intuit is to express, and that every intuition is an expression. He believed the work of art exists as an ideal in the mind of the observer.
The document discusses symbolism in literature and how symbols can be used to provide meaning and insight beyond just the literal level. Symbols can represent abstract ideas, values, or themes in a story. Common symbols found in literature include objects, characters, colors, scenes, and even character names, which authors use to draw attention to the plot, emphasize themes, or provide insights into characters. While some symbols have clear cultural meanings, interpretations can vary, and not all supposed symbols were intentionally included by the author.
This document provides an assignment submission on the topic of symbolism. It includes an introduction defining symbolism and discussing its role in constructing reality. The document then defines symbolism, provides quotes about symbolism, discusses the roles and significance of symbolism as well as characteristics of symbols. It examines the social functions of symbolism and why symbolism is necessary. Finally, it provides examples of symbolic activities in religions like Islam, Hinduism, Christianity and other domains.
1) Semiotics is the study of meaning-making and interpretation of signs, including how signs are used in language, rituals, culture, images, and architecture.
2) In architecture, the form and functions of buildings can communicate meanings beyond their actual uses. Features like volume, mass, texture, and material can suggest concepts, and designs can evoke feelings in people's minds.
3) Architectural signs have both denotations relating to their functions, as well as connotations relating to deeper meanings and interpretations influenced by cultural and psychological factors. The perception of architecture involves understanding these sign systems.
2. Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities STUAR.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
This document discusses theories of identity and how they have changed. It argues that traditional notions of a stable, unified identity have been disrupted by modern thinkers like Marx, Freud, and Saussure. Collective social identities like class, race, and nation that once provided a strong sense of identity have also fragmented. However, identity has not disappeared but has been rethought through fields like feminism and psychoanalysis. The erosion of old identities has left space for new forms of identity to emerge in a more diverse and globalized world.
Both necessity and arbitrariness of the sign: informationVasil Penchev
There is a fundamental contradiction or rather tension in Sausure’d Course: between the necessity of the sign within itself and its arbitrariness within a system of signs. That tension penetrates the entire Course and generates its “plot”. It can be expressed by the quantity of information generalized to quantum information by quantum mechanics. Then the problem is how a bit to be expressed by a qubit or vice versa. The structure of the main problem of quantum mechanics is isomorphic. Thus its solution, namely the set of solutions of the Schrödinger equation, implies the solution of the above contradictionor tension.
The purpose of autobiography is: the recreation, the nostalgic or not-so-nostalgic closure, or the simple delineation, of a life. This is without doubt, at least for me. But it is also much else and many writers describe the purpose of autobiography and of its several country-cousins: memoirs, diary or journal writing and even essays and poetry. A search for some clearer understanding of the autobiographer’s identity is a commonly found aim in the now massive literature on the subject of why autobiographers write. For some autobiographers of a scientific bent their work is animated by the purpose of proving that their lives are ultimately purposeless. The philosopher Alfred North Whitehead states, with his tongue in his cheek in his book The Function of Reason, that the examination of such autobiographies would constitute an interesting subject for study. My autobiography, in contrast, is animated by a significant sense of purpose and by a meta-narrative in which I do not possess an incredulity. Mine would not therefore be among those that Whitehead might find interesting in that context.
This document provides an introduction to the study of literature. It discusses definitions of literature, major theories of literature including imitative, expressive, and affective theories. It also outlines common sources of literature, challenges of interpretation, and the four main genres - narrative fiction, drama, poetry, and nonfiction prose. Finally, it examines some common symbols and archetypes in literature such as water, the sun, colors, circles, and serpents.
This document provides an overview of semiotics, including its history, definitions, key figures, and concepts. Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation. It has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy and more recently in the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles Sanders Pierce, and Roland Barthes. Saussure introduced key concepts like the signifier/signified relationship and the arbitrary nature of linguistic signs. Pierce explored signs in a broader context and classified three types of signs: symbols, icons, and indexes. Barthes studied how signs and images represent culture and ideology, introducing concepts like denotation, connotation, and myth. Semiotics provides tools for analyzing meaning in texts and
Similar to Mamardashvili, Symbol and Consciousness, Similarity and Differences (20)
The generalization of the Periodic table. The "Periodic table" of "dark matter"Vasil Penchev
The thesis is: the “periodic table” of “dark matter” is equivalent to the standard periodic table of the visible matter being entangled. Thus, it is to consist of all possible entangled states of the atoms of chemical elements as quantum systems. In other words, an atom of any chemical element and as a quantum system, i.e. as a wave function, should be represented as a non-orthogonal in general (i.e. entangled) subspace of the separable complex Hilbert space relevant to the system to which the atom at issue is related as a true part of it. The paper follows previous publications of mine stating that “dark matter” and “dark energy” are projections of arbitrarily entangled states on the cognitive “screen” of Einstein’s “Mach’s principle” in general relativity postulating that gravitational field can be generated only by mass or energy.
Modal History versus Counterfactual History: History as IntentionVasil Penchev
The distinction of whether real or counterfactual history makes sense only post factum. However, modal history is to be defined only as ones’ intention and thus, ex-ante. Modal history is probable history, and its probability is subjective. One needs phenomenological “epoché” in relation to its reality (respectively, counterfactuality). Thus, modal history describes historical “phenomena” in Husserl’s sense and would need a specific application of phenomenological reduction, which can be called historical reduction. Modal history doubles history just as the recorded history of historiography does it. That doubling is a necessary condition of historical objectivity including one’s subjectivity: whether actors’, ex-anteor historians’ post factum. The objectivity doubled by ones’ subjectivity constitute “hermeneutical circle”.
Both classical and quantum information [autosaved]Vasil Penchev
Information can be considered a the most fundamental, philosophical, physical and mathematical concept originating from the totality by means of physical and mathematical transcendentalism (the counterpart of philosophical transcendentalism). Classical and quantum information. particularly by their units, bit and qubit, correspond and unify the finite and infinite:
As classical information is relevant to finite series and sets, as quantum information, to infinite ones. The separable complex Hilbert space of quantum mechanics can be represented equivalently as “qubit space”) as quantum information and doubled dually or “complimentary” by Hilbert arithmetic (classical information).
A CLASS OF EXEMPLES DEMONSTRATING THAT “푃푃≠푁푁푁 ” IN THE “P VS NP” PROBLEMVasil Penchev
The CMI Millennium “P vs NP Problem” can be resolved e.g. if one shows at least one counterexample to the “P=NP” conjecture. A certain class of problems being such counterexamples will be formulated. This implies the rejection of the hypothesis “P=NP” for any conditions satisfying the formulation of the problem. Thus, the solution “P≠NP” of the problem in general is proved. The class of counterexamples can be interpreted as any quantum superposition of any finite set of quantum states. The Kochen-Specker theorem is involved. Any fundamentally random choice among a finite set of alternatives belong to “NP’ but not to “P”. The conjecture that the set complement of “P” to “NP” can be described by that kind of choice exhaustively is formulated.
FERMAT’S LAST THEOREM PROVED BY INDUCTION (accompanied by a philosophical com...Vasil Penchev
A proof of Fermat’s last theorem is demonstrated. It is very brief, simple, elementary, and absolutely arithmetical. The necessary premises for the proof are only: the three definitive properties of the relation of equality (identity, symmetry, and transitivity), modus tollens, axiom of induction, the proof of Fermat’s last theorem in the case of n=3 as well as the premises necessary for the formulation of the theorem itself. It involves a modification of Fermat’s approach of infinite descent. The infinite descent is linked to induction starting from n=3 by modus tollens. An inductive series of modus tollens is constructed. The proof of the series by induction is equivalent to Fermat’s last theorem. As far as Fermat had been proved the theorem for n=4, one can suggest that the proof for n≥4 was accessible to him.
An idea for an elementary arithmetical proof of Fermat’s last theorem (FLT) by induction is suggested. It would be accessible to Fermat unlike Wiles’s proof (1995), and would justify Fermat’s claim (1637) for its proof. The inspiration for a simple proof would contradict to Descartes’s dualism for appealing to merge “mind” and “body”, “words” and “things”, “terms” and “propositions”, all orders of logic. A counterfactual course of history of mathematics and philosophy may be admitted. The bifurcation happened in Descartes and Fermat’s age. FLT is exceptionally difficult to be proved in our real branch rather than in the counterfactual one.
The space-time interpretation of Poincare’s conjecture proved by G. Perelman Vasil Penchev
This document discusses the generalization of Poincaré's conjecture to higher dimensions and its interpretation in terms of special relativity. It proposes that Poincaré's conjecture can be generalized to state that any 4-dimensional ball is topologically equivalent to 3D Euclidean space. This generalization has a physical interpretation in which our 3D space can be viewed as a "4-ball" closed in a fourth dimension. The document also outlines ideas for how one might prove this generalization by "unfolding" the problem into topological equivalences between Euclidean spaces.
FROM THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION TO THE CONSERVATION OF QUANTUM INFORMATION...Vasil Penchev
In fact, the first law of conservation (that of mass) was found in chemistry and generalized to the conservation of energy in physics by means of Einstein’s famous “E=mc2”. Energy conservation is implied by the principle of least action from a variational viewpoint as in Emmy Noether’s theorems (1918): any chemical change in a conservative (i.e. “closed”) system can be accomplished only in the way conserving its total energy. Bohr’s innovation to found Mendeleev’s periodic table by quantum mechanics implies a certain generalization referring to
the quantum leaps as if accomplished in all possible trajectories (according to Feynman’s interpretation) and therefore generalizing the principle of least action and needing a certain generalization of energy conservation as to any quantum change.The transition from the first to the second theorem of Emmy Noether represents well the necessary generalization: its chemical meaning is the ge eralization of any chemical reaction to be accomplished as if any possible course of time rather than in the standard evenly running time (and equivalent to energy conservation according to the first theorem). The problem: If any quantum change is accomplished in al possible “variations (i.e. “violations) of energy conservation” (by different probabilities),
what (if any) is conserved? An answer: quantum information is what is conserved. Indeed, it can be particularly defined as the counterpart (e.g. in the sense of Emmy Noether’s theorems) to the physical quantity of action (e.g. as energy is the counterpart of time in them). It is valid in any course of time rather than in the evenly running one. That generalization implies a generalization of the periodic table including any continuous and smooth transformation between two chemical elements.
From the principle of least action to the conservation of quantum information...Vasil Penchev
In fact, the first law of conservation (that of mass) was found in chemistry and generalized to the conservation of energy in physics by means of Einstein’s famous “E=mc2”. Energy conservation is implied by the principle of least action from a variational viewpoint as in Emmy Noether’s theorems (1918):any chemical change in a conservative (i.e. “closed”) system can be accomplished only in the way conserving its total energy. Bohr’s innovation to found Mendeleev’s periodic table by quantum mechanics implies a certain generalization referring to the quantum leaps as if accomplished in all possible trajectories (e.g. according to Feynman’s viewpoint) and therefore generalizing the principle of least action and needing a certain generalization of energy conservation as to any quantum change.
The transition from the first to the second theorem of Emmy Noether represents well the necessary generalization: its chemical meaning is the generalization of any chemical reaction to be accomplished as if any possible course of time rather than in the standard evenly running time (and equivalent to energy conservation according to the first theorem).
The problem: If any quantum change is accomplished in all possible “variations (i.e. “violations) of energy conservation” (by different probabilities), what (if any) is conserved?
An answer: quantum information is what is conserved. Indeed it can be particularly defined as the counterpart (e.g. in the sense of Emmy Noether’s theorems) to the physical quantity of action (e.g. as energy is the counterpart of time in them). It is valid in any course of time rather than in the evenly running one. (An illustration: if observers in arbitrarily accelerated reference frames exchange light signals about the course of a single chemical reaction observed by all of them, the universal viewpoint shareаble by all is that of quantum information).
That generalization implies a generalization of the periodic table including any continuous and smooth transformation between two chemical elements necessary conserving quantum information rather than energy: thus it can be called “alchemical periodic table”.
Poincaré’s conjecture proved by G. Perelman by the isomorphism of Minkowski s...Vasil Penchev
- The document discusses the relationship between separable complex Hilbert spaces (H) and sets of ordinals (H) and how they should not be equated if natural numbers are identified as finite.
- It presents two interpretations of H: as vectors in n-dimensional complex space or as squarely integrable functions, and discusses how the latter adds unitarity from energy conservation.
- It argues that Η rather than H should be used when not involving energy conservation, and discusses how the relation between H and HH generates spheres representing areas and can be interpreted physically in terms of energy and force.
Why anything rather than nothing? The answer of quantum mechnaicsVasil Penchev
Many researchers determine the question “Why anything
rather than nothing?” to be the most ancient and fundamental philosophical problem. It is closely related to the idea of Creation shared by religion, science, and philosophy, for example in the shape of the “Big Bang”, the doctrine of first cause or causa sui, the Creation in six days in the Bible, etc. Thus, the solution of quantum mechanics, being scientific in essence, can also be interpreted philosophically, and even religiously. This paper will only discuss the philosophical interpretation. The essence of the answer of quantum mechanics is: 1.) Creation is necessary in a rigorously mathematical sense. Thus, it does not need any hoice, free will, subject, God, etc. to appear. The world exists by virtue of mathematical necessity, e.g. as any mathematical truth such as 2+2=4; and 2.) Being is less than nothing rather than ore than nothing. Thus creation is not an increase of nothing, but the decrease of nothing: it is a deficiency in relation to nothing. Time and its “arrow” form the road from that diminishment or incompleteness to nothing.
The Square of Opposition & The Concept of Infinity: The shared information s...Vasil Penchev
The power of the square of opposition has been proved during millennia, It supplies logic by the ontological language of infinity for describing anything...
6th WORLD CONGRESS ON THE SQUARE OF OPPOSITION
http://www.square-of-opposition.org/square2018.html
Completeness: From henkin's Proposition to Quantum ComputerVasil Penchev
This document discusses how Leon Henkin's proposition relates to concepts in logic, set theory, information theory, and quantum mechanics. It argues that Henkin's proposition, which states the provability of a statement within a formal system, is equivalent to an internal and consistent position regarding infinity. The document then explores how this connects to Martin Lob's theorem, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in quantum mechanics, theorems about the absence of hidden variables, entanglement, quantum information, and ultimately quantum computers.
Why anything rather than nothing? The answer of quantum mechanicsVasil Penchev
This document discusses the philosophical question of why there is something rather than nothing from the perspective of quantum mechanics. It argues that quantum mechanics provides a solution where creation is permanent and due to the irreversibility of time. The creation in quantum mechanics represents a necessary loss of information as alternatives are rejected in the course of time, rather than being due to some external cause like God's will. This permanent creation process makes the universe mathematically necessary rather than requiring an initial singular event like the Big Bang.
The outlined approach allows a common philosophical viewpoint to the physical world, language and some mathematical structures therefore calling for the universe to be understood as a joint physical, linguistic and mathematical universum, in which physical motion and metaphor are one and the same rather than only similar in a sense.
Hilbert Space and pseudo-Riemannian Space: The Common Base of Quantum Informa...Vasil Penchev
Hilbert space underlying quantum mechanics and pseudo-Riemannian space underlying general relativity share a common base of quantum information. Hilbert space can be interpreted as the free variable of quantum information, and any point in it, being equivalent to a wave function (and thus, to a state of a quantum system), as a value of that variable of quantum information. In turn, pseudo-Riemannian space can be interpreted as the interaction of two or more quantities of quantum information and thus, as two or more entangled quantum systems. Consequently, one can distinguish local physical interactions describable by a single Hilbert space (or by any factorizable tensor product of such ones) and non-local physical interactions describable only by means by that Hilbert space, which cannot be factorized as any tensor product of the Hilbert spaces, by means of which one can describe the interacting quantum subsystems separately. Any interaction, which can be exhaustedly described in a single Hilbert space, such as the weak, strong, and electromagnetic one, is local in terms of quantum information. Any interaction, which cannot be described thus, is nonlocal in terms of quantum information. Any interaction, which is exhaustedly describable by pseudo-Riemannian space, such as gravity, is nonlocal in this sense. Consequently all known physical interaction can be described by a single geometrical base interpreting it in terms of quantum information.
This document discusses using Richard Feynman's interpretation of quantum mechanics as a way to formally summarize different explanations of quantum mechanics given to hypothetical children. It proposes that each child's understanding could be seen as one "pathway" or explanation, with the total set of explanations forming a distribution. The document then suggests that quantum mechanics itself could provide a meta-explanation that encompasses all the children's perspectives by describing phenomena probabilistically rather than deterministically. Finally, it gives some examples of how this approach could allow defining and experimentally studying the concept of God through quantum mechanics.
This document discusses whether artificial intelligence can have a soul from both scientific and religious perspectives. It begins by acknowledging that "soul" is a religious concept while AI is a scientific one. The document then examines how Christianity views creativity as a criterion for having a soul. It proposes formal scientific definitions of creativity involving learning rates and probabilities. An example is given comparing a master's creativity to an apprentice's. The document argues science can describe God's infinite creativity and human's finite creativity uniformly. It analyzes whether criteria for creativity can apply to AI like a Turing machine. Hypothetical examples involving infinite algorithms and self-learning machines are discussed.
Analogia entis as analogy universalized and formalized rigorously and mathema...Vasil Penchev
THE SECOND WORLD CONGRESS ON ANALOGY, POZNAŃ, MAY 24-26, 2017
(The Venue: Sala Lubrańskiego (Lubrański’s Hall at the Collegium Minus), Adam Mickiewicz University, Address: ul. Wieniawskiego 1) The presentation: 24 May, 15:30
Ontology as a formal one. The language of ontology as the ontology itself: th...Vasil Penchev
“Formal ontology” is introduced first to programing languages in different ways. The most relevant one as to philosophy is as a generalization of “nth-order logic” and “nth-level language” for n=0. Then, the “zero-level language” is a theoretical reflection on the naïve attitude to the world: the “things and words” coincide by themselves. That approach corresponds directly to the philosophical phenomenology of Husserl or fundamental ontology of Heidegger. Ontology as the 0-level language may be researched as a formal ontology
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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3. The objectivity
It is the works and personality, and even life of
the great philosopher Merab Mamardashvili to
be interpreted as a sufferance and crucifixion
between
Consciousness
W
E
Thought
e
a
s
s
Human Being
t
t
Symbol
4. The way this conference to be addressed:
“East and West” as a crucifixion between the
wholeness of symbol and the necessity to be
expressed in a partial way to be articulated and
realized by consciousness
That crucifixion is thought at all as well as any
thought, but reflection, the philosophical
thinking is just that sufferance and suffering on
the cross “each and any minute”, the effort of
human being to be a human being
5. The way this conference to be addressed:
“Similarities and Differences” as the similarity of the
oneness before crucifixion both “and” and “versus”
the differences of plurality after crucifixion
There is anyway some mystery or sacrament after all
because the oneness resurrects unifying those
“Similarities and Differences” as a common and joint
whole
Even more, that crucifixion is the true or even single
way for the oneness of thought to be: Thought is only
that philosophical suffering or human sufferance ...
6. This way of interpretation as a
philosophical effort, suffering, thinking ...
... suggests the spirit of Mamardashvili to be put to
death again and again to be able to resurrect
How? Representing it a simple scheme as before and
thus as an infinite bad repetition in as Mamardshivili
figured and described Inferno.
He used to utilize metaphors and similes in a visible
effort and crucifixion to express and think the
inexpressible to be in it, in philosophy, in human
being: In himself in final analysis
Let us, after him, involve a scientific concept, that of
fractal as a metaphor for thought rather than a notion
7. The fractal of that interpretation ...
... is a suffering and thus disturbing crystallization
Its germ will be sought after “Symbol and
Consciousness” (with Alexander Piatigorsky as his
coauthor) and devoted to the return of the Western
philosophy into its symbol of thought
Crucifixion and return, crucifixion and resurrection is
the initial sacrament of philosophy as if represented
by both coauthors and close friends
8. Gori, Georgia
This is the birthplace of
Mamardashvili ... and
of Stalin. Georgia is
situated just on the
crossroads of Asia and
Europe therefore
symbolizing even by its
historical destiny the
crucifixion and
unification between
East and West:
11. Mamardashvili against national
exclusivity
However Mamardashvili categorically opposed any
nationalism either Russian or Georgian, or any other
one as well as the idea of national exclusivity in
general
Mamardashvili touched the essence both of thought
and of philosophical reflection being a Georgian: He
managed to reveal that deep level in the Georgian
or Russian soul, which is universal for
philosophy, thought and mankind, and in relation of
which, of the task of thought, any nationalism or
pretense of national exclusivity is only a huge
12. Five Cross Flag as a fractal
well visualizes the metaphor of
fractal as “three in one”:
hierarchy, multiplication, repetition
They can unfold in a “bad infinity” of
national history, from which nobody learn anything as
Mamardashvili said.
However the metaphor of fractal can also serve to
represent the holding unity of symbol unfolding itself
as an infinite series of signs in consciousness. The
monotonic, mechanical repeatability of those signs
kills both the thought and symbol, though
13. Consciousness on the Cross
The consciousness is crucified by two opposed
trends:
It should manage to keep the symbol without any
simple repetition in a “bad infinity”, which puts it
to death
It should manage to keep the symbol in creativity
without chaos to tear it to pieces
Even more, consciousness really exists only on that
Cross, in its Centre, in the oneness of both
tearing it trends: It is a constant effort again and
again to be
14. Five citations from
“Symbol and Consciousness”
The understanding of
symbol as not-sign:
symbol is the sign
of nothing
Less and less symbols:
from the situation of
understanding to
the situation of
knowledge
The objectivity of the
book is the interpretation
of symbol in a sense of
consciousness
Consciousness
hides itself
“in itself”
Consciousness and
culture are actively
progressing incompatible
to each other
16. 2. “понимания символа как незнака”; “символ в собственном
смысле есть знак ничего”
the understanding of symbol as
not-sign: symbol is the sign of
nothing
17. 3. “в мировосприятии современного
культурного человека символов
становится все меньше и меньше
внутри наших знаковых систем”:
“символы переходят (‘переводят нас’)
из ситуации понимания в ситуацию
знания”
Less and less symbols: from the situation
of understanding to
the situation of knowledge
18. 4. “сознание как таковое - с
установкой на
полное, максимальное понимание от нас уходит (или, как сказали бы
древние индийцы, ‘уходит в себя’)”
Consciousness hides itself “in itself”
19. 5. “сознание и культура выявляют в
отношении друг друга такое
свойство, как активная
прогрессирующая несовместимость”
Consciousness and culture are
actively progressing
incompatible to each other
20. 1. “ Цель этой книги истолкование символа в смысле
сознания”
The objectivity of the book is the
interpretation of symbol in a sense
of consciousness
21. Three preliminary notes concerning:
• The “cross” of ‘finiteness – infinity’ and ‘symbol –
consciousness’
• The “cross” of ‘externality – internality’ and ‘symbol
– consciousness’
• The “cross” of ‘differences – similarity’ and ‘symbol
– consciousness’
These three “crosses” are one and the same in a sense
unifying and unified by ‘symbol – consciousness’,
which will be explicated a little below
22. ‘Finiteness – infinity’ and ‘symbol –
consciousness’
• Both symbol and consciousness are rather on the
side of infinity, but both can explicate themselves
into finiteness correspondingly as signs or
“structures of consciousness”
• Though the following property of them is too
paradoxical, both are equivalent to their finite
representations as signs or structures being
random
• Thus both symbol and consciousness guarantee
choice, freedom, freewill and responsibility which
are necessary for that equivalence
23. ‘Externality – internality’ and ‘symbol –
consciousness’
• Symbol is rather external in relation to an
observer while that observer is always internal
in relation to consciousness
• Thus symbol and consciousness represent the
oneness of the totality split by the availability of
any observer necessary internal to it (being
‘total’)
• Thus symbol represents the externality of the
totality in relation to any observer as the true
totality contents its externality in itself being
just ‘total’
25. ‘Differences – similarity’ and ‘symbol –
consciousness’
• Both symbol and consciousness unlike
correspondingly signs or structures are on the
side of similarity, even of the oneness
• That similarity is decomposed into identities and
differences representable by signs (outside) or
structures of consciousness (inside)
• The signs, to which the observer is external, can
be manipulated in mental operations
• The structures of consciousness, to which the
observer is internal, allow of the being to be
ordered
26. How can these three “crosses” be one
and the same?
• Of course, all three are only signs referring to
some hidden symbol, which unifies them
remaining hidden and explicable in principle, and
thus allowing of new and new signs again and
again
• The philosophical reflection is concentrated on
that suffering birth of the signs rather than on
their meaning or on the symbol, which they
cannot ever represent
• Thus Mamarrdashvili philosophically thought of
Georgia constantly crucified in the initialization
of the West from the East
27. 2. The understanding of symbol as notsign: symbol is the sign of nothing
• Symbol is not a sign of anything: If any sign
refers to other signs, which precede or follow
it, symbol does not refer to anything both as it
is the beginning of all signs, which it
generates, and as there is a leap from it to any
ensemble of signs generated by it
• Symbol is just the sign of nothing as it refers
only to the totality, however to the “other
side” of it, outside, its externality, from which
it is nothing
28. 3. Less and less symbols in the “West”:
from the situation of understanding to
the situation of knowledge
• The “West” as on west as on east lives in the
established structures of signs, which one should
know to be socialized: sign structures as
language, society, science, technics, and even
religion. However one does not need to understand
them to utilize them. They require only knowledge
• New sign structures therefore directly addressing
symbols appear extremely rare while the above
ones are developed, and their symbolic origin is
redundant and forgotten
29. From symbol to consciousness
“outside”
• The first two citations refer to “symbol”, and the
next two ones to consciousness. This suggest the
consciousness to be entered in a way hidden for
any sign or conscious structures, namely
outside, from the side of symbol: A visualization:
Sign or conscious struc
OO
An Observer
30. 4. Consciousness hides itself “in
itself”
• That way “outside” can display why and how
consciousness can hide and hides itself “in
itself” being referring to symbol:
• It hides itself “in itself” in relation to any sign
or conscious structures as it is only their or
any wholeness
• On the contrary, all sign or conscious
structures constitute themselves about their
expansion only which is able to guarantee
their openness. Thus they are partial in
principle to be
31. A reference to Heidegger ...
• Let consciousness be entered “outside”, from
the “side” of symbol and hidden for any
observer if that one identifies oneself by any
knowledge of any structures;
• If that is the case, consciousness is only
openness, unhiddenness, ἀλήθεια, the way, in
which Heidegger introduces truth as entering
the totality (Here “consciousness” is only a
sign of the totality)
32. 5. Consciousness and culture are actively
progressing incompatible to each other
• After consciousness has been understood as pure
openness from the side of symbol, and culture as
an established sign structure, by which the
observer orders the world, their incompatibility is
obvious
• Even more, the development of culture being the
extension and intensification of a sign structure
wanders from the symbol. They frustrate each
other more and more: signs vs. symbol just as
culture vs. consciousness ...
• Nevertheless consciousness is just the sign
structure of culture. It hides itself by itself again ...
33. 1. The interpretation of symbol in a
sense of consciousness
• This is the unifying center of the book “Symbol
and Consciousness”. However this is a
tautology: The four terms:
interpretation, symbol, sense, and
consciousness mean one and the same:
• The book hides itself in itself by itself just
where it reveals its objectivity and thus essence
• Symbol and consciousness is only a
doubling, two terms about one and the
same, however ...
34. Symbol and consciousness as pure
doubling
• ... however that doubling and further its
redoubling in sings or structures generate the
world
• If one starts from the signs and
structures, symbol and consciousness is not
anything different from them. They are not more
than signs and structure, but seen once again, in
their wholeness
• “A man sees mountains and a sea, the pupil sees
something different, but the wise man sees again
mountains and a sea”
35. A note about time and language
Time can be considered as the condition of
language and thus for extending a sign or conscious
structure: Time can be thought as an initial and
primary language of the being, in which the signifier
and signified coincide with each other and thus
with the sign in principle generating the “things
themselves” as “phenomena”
However Mamardashvili and Piatigosrsky’s symbol
should think beyond or before even that
“phenomenon”, i.e. before or beyond the
time, namely by the sign of “death” as transcending
the time
36. Another note: Time and Totality
• Both “Symbol and Consciousness” should to be
realized in terms of the totality:
• Time expresses the totality
thoroughly, nevertheless an inexplicable remainder
appears always (Derrida coined the term of “mute
difference” written as “differance” to explicate it
somehow anyway)
• However both time and the totality and thus
symbol and consciousness are neither subjective
nor objective though they can be interpreted in
both ways
37. These four motifs (2-5) ...
• ... can be seen as originating from a central
motif (1), originating from nowhere and
therefore being a simple tautology or doubling
and redoubling ...
• In turn these four motifs can be followed in
other papers of Mamardashvili extending a
fractal structure of (“)Symbol and
Consciousness(“) as what the flag of Georgia
is:
40. The key for decoding
• Any fractal structure contents the key to be
decoded in itself and by itself
• If any other language as some encoding is
conventional and thus requires an external
vocabulary as a key to be decoded, the fractal
structure is also its key and thus it is natural,
being, and existing unlike any other language,
which is artificial referencing to some other
knowledge of interpretation
41. 2.2. God (in culture) is a symbol of
some force compensating the
deficiency in our efforts
• В культуре (а не в религии) Бог – это символ
некоторой силы, которая действует в мире
вопреки нашей
глупости, непониманию, неумению или
нежеланию понимать некоторые
состояния, к которым мы не могли прийти
своими собственными силами, но которые
тем не менее являются фактами - БЫТЬ
ФИЛОСОФОМ – ЭТО СУДЬБА
42. 2.3. Modified objects (e.g. irrational
expressions) are signs (symbols) of the
difference between being and
consciousness
• превращенные объекты (иррациональные
выражения, «желтые логарифмы») как
знаки, «свидетельства» неустранимого
различия между бытием и сознанием, как
символы того, что при всей слитости в
некотором общем континууме бытие и
сознание не могут быть отождествлены ПРЕВРАЩЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ. О НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ
ИРРАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ВЫРАЖЕНИЙ”
43. 2.4. No subject for any symbol, e.g. for
that of “the supreme good” in particular
• Я уже ввел понятие "высшего
блага", точнее, символ - не
понятие, поскольку оно, как сказал бы
Кант, не имеет созерцания, на котором оно
могло бы быть разрешено. То есть под это
понятие нельзя подставить никакой
конкретный предмет - ПРОБЛЕМА
ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ФИЛОСОФИИ
44. 2.4+The human being is always “selfmaking”, its state consists of births
again and again
Таким образом, человек это, очевидно, единственное существо в
мире, которое (как человеческое существо, в
том смысле, что оно не порождается
Природой, которую мы можем изучать
объективированно - в какой-то
картине, отвлеченной от себя) находится в
состоянии посеянного зановорождения, … ПРОБЛЕМА ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ФИЛОСОФИИ
45. 2.4++ The human being is being born all
over again and again by means of symbols:
both in religion and in philosophy
... и это зановорождение случается лишь в той
мере, в какой человеку удается собственными
усилиями поместить себя в свою мысль, в свои
стремления, в некоторое сильное магнитное
поле, сопряженное предельными символами. Эти
символы на поверхности выступают, с одной
стороны, в религии (точнее, в мировых
религиях, то есть не этнических, не народных), а с
другой стороны, в философии - ПРОБЛЕМА
ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ФИЛОСОФИИ
46. 2.5. Symbol is what are ourselves, and
understand always only incompletely. The
philosophical works are that incompleteness expressed in infinite expression
Символ (не знак!) всегда есть то, что мы не до
конца понимаем, но что есть мы сами как
понимающие, как существующие. И наши
философские произведения, и их чтение есть
форма существования этого до конца
непонимаемого, его бесконечной длительности и
родственной самосогласованности - ФИЛОСОФИЯ
– ЭТО СОЗНАНИЕ ВСЛУХ
47. 3.2. There exists philosophy
always, the doctrines are optional
• Доктрин может не быть, а философия
существует - СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ
ФИЛОСОФИЯ (XX век)
48. 3.3. Philosophy is a second “birth” in
thought after a symbolic death
• определения философии как формы,
позволяющей нам испытать то, что без нее
мы не могли бы испытать. То есть
рождаться второй раз, согласно древнему
символу «второго рождения» ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЯ – СОПУТСТВУЮЩИЙ
МОМЕНТ ВСЯКОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ
49. 3.3+ Philosophy is an initial
germ, which only develops by
concepts in an infinite cultural form
• И в этом смысле философия является как бы
бесконечной культурной формой. То есть она
содержит в себе некоторые уже заданные ее
целостностью моменты или зерна, которые
могут когда-то и кем-то выявляться, развиваться
с помощью понятий, но сами возможности этого
развития будут содержаться уже в самом факте
конституирования философии ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЯ – СОПУТСТВУЮЩИЙ
МОМЕНТ ВСЯКОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ
50. 3.4. One creates oneself as a human being
again and again by individual efforts
Человек создается. Непрерывно, снова и снова
создается. Создается в истории, с участием его
самого, его индивидуальных усилий. И вот эта его
непрерывная создаваемость и задана для него в
зеркальном отражении самого себя символом
«образ и подобие Божье». То есть Человек есть
такое существо, возникновение которого
непрерывно возобновляется. С каждым
индивидуумом и в каждом индивидууме
ФИЛОСОФИЯ – ЭТО СОЗНАНИЕ ВСЛУХ
51. 3.5. “The symbolic element of
rationality” is the chapter 5 of “The
classical and non-classical ideal of
rationality
• 5. СИМВОЛИЧЕСКИЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ
РАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ – КЛАСИЧЕССКИЙ И
НЕКЛАССИЧЕСКИЙ ИДЕАЛЫ
РАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ
52. 4.2. Consciousness should define only
self-referential as producing itself as
more consciousness
Ну, скажем, в грамотной философии сознание ведь
не определяется, а говорится, что сознание есть
то, что есть возможность большего сознания. Точно
так же и свобода - ПРОБЛЕМА ЧЕЛОВЕКА В
ФИЛОСОФИИ
В том числе и в поле символов –
«человек», «смерть», «смысл жизни», «свобода» и
т.д. Это ведь вещи, производящие сами себя. Даже
сознание, как и мысль, можно определить как
возможность большего сознания - ФИЛОСОФИЯ –
ЭТО СОЗНАНИЕ ВСЛУХ
53. 4.3. Well, figure a scientific researcher
in the Academy of sciences. Can (s)he
have that universal consciousness?
• А теперь, представьте научного сотрудника
Академии наук. Может ли он иметь то
сознание, которое я вам описывал как
универсальное? - СОВРЕМЕННАЯ
ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ (XX век)
54. 4.4. The consciousness of “cogito”
coincides with its contents, doubles it
• Итак, когитальное сознание есть
ухватывание сознанием в любом
осознаваемом содержании самого
факта, что "я его сознаю", чем и
исчерпывается это содержание как
сознательное явление - Классический и
неклассический идеалы рациональности Иначе говоря, в данном случае
концептуальное сознание происшествия
явления совпадает с его содержанием и
последнее не может быть отделено от
первого
55. 4.5. Speaking of being, speaking of
consciousness in a special sense
• когда говорится о бытии, то в особом
смысле говорится и о сознании НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ СЕБЯ. ВВЕДЕНИЕ В
ФИЛОСОФИЮ
56. 5.2. Culture is infinite: The symbol of death
means the transformation in thought being
due to our efforts
Культура бесконечна. Однако у такого рода бесконечности есть, естественно, и элемент дурной бесконечности. И, более того, выпадение из нее, обращение к мысли обязательно связано с появлением символа смерти, потому что к мысли мы можем прийти, только изменившись, перестав быть
прежними. Следовательно, онтологическое
устройство бытия воспроизводит себя лишь с
включением нашего усилия, когда, во-первых, мы
становимся другими, чем были до этого, и, вовторых, приходим к этому нашим непрерывным
продолжением самих себя - МЫСЛЬ В КУЛЬТУРЕ
57. 5.3. Consciousness is singulare
tantum, a single many-much, or a
multiple oneness
• Нет множественного сознания. Как
говорили мистики – и я с удовольствием
повторяю эту формулу – сознание
представляет собой singulare tantum, то
есть множественное-единственное.
Множественную единичность, скажем так НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ СЕБЯ. ВВЕДЕНИЕ В
ФИЛОСОФИЮ
58. 5.4. Human consciousness and its
“annex” called civilization
• человеческое сознание и связанная с ним
«пристройка», называемая цивилизацией СОЗНАНИЕ И ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯ
59. 5.5. Struggle with consciousness: It
becomes knowledge and ... vanishes
• Борьба с сознанием означает, что
стремлением человека сознание перестает
быть чем-то спонтанным, относящимся к
природе, автоматически
функционирующим. Сознание становится
познанием и на это время (слово "время"
здесь не имеет физического смысла)
перестает быть сознанием и как бы
тановится метасознанием - ТРИ БЕСЕДЫ О
МЕТАТЕОРИИ СОЗНАНИЯ” (с Пятигорским)
60. “Symbol and Consciousness” as an
extending structure
3.3.
3.2.
2.3.
3.4.
3.
3.5.
4.5.
2.2.
1.
2.
2.4.
2.5.
4.
4.2.
5.5.
5.
5.4.
5.2.
5.3.
4.4.
4.3.
61. Conclusions:
Mamardashvili’s philosophy can be thought both
as the suffering effort to be a human being again
and again as well as the philosophical reflection
on the genesis of thought from itself by the same
effort
Thus it can be recognized as a powerful tension
between signs an symbol, between conscious
structures and consciousness, between the
syncretism of the East and the discursiveness of
the West crucifying spiritually Georgia
62. • Быть философом – это судьба (Being a
philosopher is destiny)
• Классический и неклассический идеалы
рациональности (The classical and nonclassical ideal of rationality)
• Мысль в культуре (Thought in Culture)
• Необходимость себя. Введение в
философию (Necessity of Self: Introduction to
Philosophy)
63. • Превращенные формы. О необходимости
иррациональных выражений (Modified forms.
On the necessity of irrational expressions)
• Проблема человека в философии (The
problem of Human Being in Philosophy)
• Символ и сознание (Symbol and Consciousnes)
• Современная европейская философия (XX
век) (Contemporary European philosophy [20
century])
64. • Сознание и цивилизация (Consciousness and
Civilzation)
• Три беседы о метатеории сознания (с
Пятигорским) (Three talks [with Piatigorsky]
on the metatheory of consciousness)
• Феноменология – сопутствующий момeнт
всякой философии (Phenomenology is an
accompanying entity of any philosophy)
• Философия – это сознание вслух (Philosophy
is consciousness aloud)