Elements, features, origins, definition and examples of Surrealism in Literature by Nikki :)

1. Nikki Akraminejad

2. sur·re·al·ism
noun sə-ˈrē-ə-ˌli-zəm also -ˈrā- :
SURREALISM sur- ( beyond ) + réalisme ( realism )
A 20th-century art form in which an artist or writer
combines unrelated images or events in a very strange
and dreamlike way
The principles, ideals, or practice of producing fantastic
or incongruous imagery or effects in art, literature,
film, or theater by means of unnatural or irrational
juxtapositions and combinations

3. Surrealism originated in
the late 1910s and
early '20s as a literary
movement that
experimented with a
new mode of
expression called
automatic writing, or
automatism, which
sought to release the
unbridled imagination
.of the subconscious

4. Officially started in
Paris in 1924 with
the publication of
the Manifesto of
Surrealism by the
poet and critic
André Breton (1896–
1966), Surrealism
became an
international
intellectual and
political movement.

5. Breton, a trained
psychiatrist, was
influenced by the
psychological
theories and
dream studies of
Sigmund Freud
and the political
ideas of Karl Marx.

6. Using Freudian
methods of free
association, their
poetry and prose
drew upon the
private world of
the mind,
traditionally
restricted by
reason and societal
limitations, to
produce surprising,
unexpected
imagery.

7. Surrealism developed out of the
Dada activities during World War I
and the most important center of
the movement was Paris. From
the 1920s onward, the movement
spread around the globe,
eventually affecting the visual
arts, literature, film, and music
of many countries and languages,
as well as political thought and
practice, philosophy, and social
theory.

8. Because Surrealist writers seldom, if ever,
appear to organize their thoughts and the
images they present, some people find
.much of their work difficult to examine

9. This notion however is a shallow
comprehension, caused by Breton's
initial emphasis on automatic writing
as the.main route toward a higher
reality

10.  But-as in Breton's
case-much of what
is presented as
purely automatic is
actually edited and
very "thought out".
Breton himself later
admitted that
automatic writing's
centrality had been
overstated, and
other elements were
introduced

11. Dalí and Magritte created the
most widely recognized images
of the movement.
Surrealism as a visual movement
had found a method: to expose
psychological truth; stripping
ordinary objects of their normal
significance, to create a
compelling image that was
beyond ordinary formal
organization, in order to evoke
empathy from the viewer.

12. The characteristics of this style—a combination of the
depictive, the abstract, and the psychological—came to
stand for the alienation which many people felt in the
modern period, combined with the sense of reaching
more deeply into the psyche, to be "made whole with
one's individuality".

13. Picasso, for example, captured the chaos of the
bombing of Guernica in Spain by twisting angles,
exaggerating features that stood out for him,
and drawing the viewer’s eye to the outer edges
where people and animals scream in terror and
agony.

15. In drama, Eugene Ionesco and Samuel Beckett
introduced surrealism to the stage; the movement
was called “the Theatre of the Absurd.” It
redefined the role of the audience in drama and
corrupted the classic elements of plot, character,
thought, diction, and spectacle, which includes
movement, gesture, speech, costume, and staging.

16. Typical literary devices or
techniques: Sentence
fragments Nonlinear plots
Non sequiturs Word play
Minimalist settings Dream
sequences

17. Writers, like artists, wanted readers to
“re-think” the words they were reading,
to focus not so much on the meaning of
the words, but the meaning of the USAGE
of the language: The overall effect of the
way the details of language, such as
words, punctuation, spellings, and the
appearance on the page .

19. -The exploration of the dream and
unconsciousness as a valid form of
reality, inspired by Sigmund Freud's
writings.
-A willingness to depict images of
sexuality, decay and violence.
-The desire to push against the
boundaries of socially acceptable
behaviors and traditions in order to
discover pure thought and the artist's
true nature.

20. -The incorporation of chance and
spontaneity.
-Emphasis on the mysterious,
marvelous, mythological and irrational
in an effort to make art ambiguous and
strange.
-existence of parallel times, no certain
.beginning or ending in the story
-insanity or madness
-sarcasm or irony

21. the end!

22.  http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/surrealism
 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/
hd_surr.htm
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism
 http://www.slideshare.net/EDeal/surrealism
-3966727
 http://arthistory.about.com/od/modernarthi
story/a/Surrealism-Art-History-101-
Basics.htm