The document discusses symbolism in literature and how symbols can be used to provide meaning and insight beyond just the literal level. Symbols can represent abstract ideas, values, or themes in a story. Common symbols found in literature include objects, characters, colors, scenes, and even character names, which authors use to draw attention to the plot, emphasize themes, or provide insights into characters. While some symbols have clear cultural meanings, interpretations can vary, and not all supposed symbols were intentionally included by the author.