Rickets is a disease characterized by softening and weakening of bones in children caused by deficient mineralization at growth plates. It is typically caused by nutritional deficiencies of vitamin D, calcium or phosphate. Symptoms include leg pain, weakness, fractures, delayed growth and bone deformities. Treatment involves increasing vitamin D levels through sun exposure, supplementation or diet, as well as ensuring adequate calcium and phosphate intake. Prevention relies on proper nutrition, sun exposure and supplementation if needed.

1. Rickets

2. Definition
• Rickets is the softening and weakening of
bones in children because of deficient
mineralazation at the level of growth plate

3. classification
• hypocalcaemic
• hypophosphaemic

4. cause
• nutritional
vit D defeciency
calcium defeciency
phosphate defeciency
• inherited
• secondary to liver and renal disease affect
metabolism of Ca PO4 VitD

5. vit D defeciency
• the most common cause of rickets
• source of vitamin D
exposure to sun
food (oily fish, eff yolk)
breast milk is poor in vit D

8. Vit D defeciency
• in children cause rickets and osteomalacia
• in adults cause osteomalacia

9. risk factors
• barrier to sun exposure
• dark skin
• exclusive breast feeding
• mother vit D defeciency during pregnancy
• northern latitude
• premature birth
• medications (anti-siezure)
• malabsorbtion (IBD, CF, kidney problems)

10. risk factor
• fat malabsorption
• obesity
• polluted climates

11. signs and symptoms
• leg pain
• weakness, excessive fall
• unable to walk
• delayed motor milestone
• fracture
• delayed dentition
• short, delayed growth
• bone deformities

12. Complications
• failure to grow
• abnormal curved spine
• bone deformities
• dental defects
• siezures
• hyperparathyroodism
• cardiopulmonary system
• depression

13. bone deformities
• bow legs
• knock knees
• abnormal curved spine
• soft skull
• thick ankle and wrist
• rackitic rosary ribs

15. x ray

16. Treatment and prevention
• sun exposure
• vit D rich food
oily fish, egg yolk, infant formula milk,
enriched cereal
• vit D supplment

17. hypophosphaemic
• Antacid (alamunium cause malabsuption)
• phosphate wasting renal disease
• tumor induced rickets

18. physiotherapy managment
• patients education
• prevent complications
• fall prevention exercise
• general muscle strengthening exercise
• fuctional training

19. proper sun exposure
• windows and glass block synthesis
• sunscreen block synthesis
• 5-30 minutes twice per week

20. • food rich in vit D
• fish, egg, fortified food
• food rich in calcium
• milk, cheese, green vegetables
• food rich in phosphate
• meet, dairy, nuts, whole grains