Rickets is a disease characterized by softening and weakening of bones in children, usually caused by prolonged vitamin D deficiency. Symptoms include delayed growth, motor skill development, and bone pain or deformities. Rickets occurs when the body does not get enough vitamin D to absorb calcium and phosphorus from food. Risk factors include dark skin, the mother's vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, premature birth, and certain medications. Treatment involves vitamin D and calcium supplements under a doctor's guidance.

1. Rickets

2. Rickets
• Rickets is the softening and weakening of
bones in children, usually because of an
extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency.
Rare inherited problems also can cause
rickets. Vitamin D helps your child's body
absorb calcium and phosphorus from food

3. Symptoms
• Signs and symptoms of rickets can include:
• Delayed growth
• Delayed motor skills
• Pain in the spine, pelvis and legs
• Muscle weakness

4. • because rickets softens the areas of growing
tissue at the ends of a child's bones (growth
plates), it can cause skeletal deformities such
as:
• Bowed legs or knock knees
• Thickened wrists and ankles
• Breastbone projection

5. Causes
• child's body needs vitamin D to absorb
calcium and phosphorus from food. Rickets
can occur if your child's body doesn't get
enough vitamin D or if his or her body has
problems using vitamin D properly.
Occasionally, not getting enough calcium or
lack of calcium and vitamin D can cause rickets

6. • Lack of vitamin D
• Children who don't get enough vitamin D from
these two sources can develop a deficiency:

7. • Sunlight. child's skin produces vitamin D
when it's exposed to sunlight. But children in
developed countries tend to spend less time
outdoors.
• They're also more likely to use sunscreen,
which blocks the sun's rays that trigger the
skin's production of vitamin D

8. • Food. Fish oil, egg yolks and fatty fish such as
salmon and mackerel contain vitamin D.
Vitamin D has also been added to some foods
and beverages, such as milk, cereal and some
fruit juices.

9. Problems with absorption
• some children are born with or develop
medical conditions that affect the way their
bodies absorb vitamin D.
• Some examples include:
• Celiac disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Kidney problems

10. Risk factors
• Factors that can increase a child's risk of
rickets include:
• Dark skin. Dark skin has more of the pigment
melanin, which lowers the skin's ability to
produce vitamin D from sunlight.

11. • Mother's vitamin D deficiency during
pregnancy. A baby born to a mother with
severe vitamin D deficiency can be born with
signs of rickets or develop them within a few
months after birth.

12. • Premature birth. Babies born before their due
dates tend have lower levels of vitamin D
because they had less time to receive the
vitamin from their mothers in the womb.

13. • Medications. Certain types of anti-seizure
medications and antiretroviral medications,
used to treat HIV infections, appear to
interfere with the body's ability to use vitamin
D.

14. Complications
• left untreated, rickets can lead to:
• Failure to grow
• An abnormally curved spine
• Bone deformities
• Dental defects
• Seizures

16. Treatment
• Most cases of rickets can be treated with
vitamin D and calcium supplements.
• Follow your child's doctor's directions as to
dosage. Too much vitamin D