DIET is defined as the types and amounts of food eaten daily by an individual. (FDI, 1994)
NUTRITION is defined as the sum of the process by which an individual takes in and utilizes food. (FDI, 1994)
MALNUTRITION is a pathological state resulting from a relative or obsolute deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients.
Diet and nutrition are important factor in the promotion and maintenance of good health for the entire life.
Nutrition plays an important role to establish and sustain the structure and function of the body to keep it running in a perfect order.
Oral health and nutrition have a synergystic relationship.
Oral infectious diseases, as well as systemic diseases with oral menifestation impact functional ability to eat as well as diet and nutrition status.
Nutrition and diet may affect development and integrity of the oral cavity as well as the progression of diseases of the oral cavity.
A balanced diet is one which contains a variety of foods in such quantities and proportions that the need for energy, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates and other nutrients is adequately met for maintaining health, vitality and general well being and also makes a small provision for extra nutrients to withstand short duration of leanness.
A balanced diet might be described as one providing each nutrient in the amount (neither deficiency nor excess) needed to maintain optimum health.
A balanced diet contains-
Protien = 15-20 %
Fat = 20-30 %
carbohydrate = remaining part
A balanced diet contains-
Protien = 15-20 %
Fat = 20-30 %
carbohydrate = remaining part
Nutrition is vital to human development, growth and health maintenance.
A balanced diet plays an important role in maintaining good health.
Good dietary practices and optimal nutritional status are important in mitigating the severity of inflammatory periodontal lesions.
Nutrition is vital to human development, growth and health maintenance.
A balanced diet plays an important role in maintaining good health.
Good dietary practices and optimal nutritional status are important in mitigating the severity of inflammatory periodontal lesions.
Although periodontal disease is not a nutritional deficiency disease but malnutrition plays a role in predisposing the host to the progression of preexisting periodontal lesions and influences the outcome of periodontal treatment.
Nutrition and diet affects the development and integrity of the oral cavity as well as the progression of diseases of the oral cavity.
While working in the field, public health personnel come across various cases mostly related to malnutrition and oral diseases.
Hence, it is important for us to have the knowledge about the nutrients, their functions and their general and oral manifestations.
This is so, because, as compared with other health care workers, public health dentists reach a larger masses of general public and are in a position of clinical and behavioral assessment
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Roles of Vitamins and Minerals in health
1.
2. Vit -C Sources
• Plant sources
• Citrus fruits
• Gooseberry
• Guava
• Green vegetables
• Tomatoes
• Animal sources
not present
Milk is poor sources
3. Deficiency
• Scurvy- characterized by
Spongy and sore gums
Bleeding of gums
Loose teeth
Swollen joints
Delayed wound healing- due to deficient collagen
formation
Poor dentine formation in children
• In severe scurvy- loosening and falling of teeth
4. Folic Acid Deficiency
• Deficiency is most common
• Observed primarily in the pregnant women both developed and
developing countries.
• Folic acid deficiency in pregnant women cause neural defect in
fetus.
• Macrocytic anemia (abnormally large RBC) is a characteristic
feature of folate deficiency.
5.
6. Vit B 1 Deficiency
• Beri-Beri
• Early symptoms
• Loss of appetite
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Mental retardation
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Irritability
• Impaired metabolism of carbohydrate
• Leads to accumulation of pyruvate in the tissue
which is harmful.
• Increased plasma pyruvate level and also excreted
in urine.
7. In adults their occur 2 types of beri-
beri
Dry beri-beri (neurological)
• Associated with
neurological manifestations
• Peripheral neuritis
• Muscle weakness
• Walking become difficult,
depends on support to walk
• Death, if not treated
Wet beri-beri
(cardiovascular)
• Edema of legs, face, trunk
and serous cavities
• Swelling of calf muscles
• Increased systolic B.P and
decreased diastolic B.P
• Pulse are fast and bounced
• Heart become week
• Death occur due to heart
failure
8. Vit B2 Deficiency
Symptoms:
• Cheilosis- painful fissures at corner of mouth
• Painful glossitis- tongue red-purple (magenta
tongue)
• Dermatitis
• Eye- corneal vascularization and inflammation with
cloudiness of cornea, watering and burning of eye.
22. Causes Inadequate exposure to sunlight
Inadequate dietary intake
Features Demineralization occurs mainly in spine, pelvis
and lower extremities
Increased softness & susceptibility to fracture
Bowing of long bones
32. Contraction of facial muscle in
response to tapping the facial nerve
Chvostek’s
sign
Carpal spasm occurring after occlusion
of the brachial artery with BP cuff for 3
min
Trousseau’s
sign
38. Formation of bone and teeth
Production of high energy compounds
DNA and RNA synthesis
Synthesis of coenzymes
Synthesis of phosphoproteins and phospholipids
Activation of enzymes by phosphorylation
Acid base balance
