this precentation talk about rice farmer awareness about pesticide water pollution of Anuradhapura District Sri Lanka

1. RICE FARMERS’ AWARENESS OF WATER
POLLUTION THROUGH PESTICIDE IN
ANURADHAPURA DISTRICT
Y.K.R.T Jayasinghe
University of Peradeniya

2. Milk
Water
Alcohol
What is most popular drink in Sri Lanka
Pesticides

3. Outline
• Introduction
• Problem Statement and Justification
• Objectives
• Conceptual Framework
• Methodology
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions
• Recommendations

4. Introduction
Sri Lanka – Rice is staple food
Land extent- 65610 Km2
Paddy cultivation – 0.89 million
hectares
Total production – 3,651,000 Mt
Two monsoons- North-West
South-East
Two cultivation seasons- Maha
Yala
Importation of Chemicals
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002*
TimeValue(Rs.Million)
Department of Census and Statistics – Sri Lanka

5. Introduction cont.
Pesticide
Insecticide
Weedicide
Fungicide…..etc
• A non-point source of pollution
Leach to ground water
Run-off to surface water
• Pesticides are most frequent water pollutant in the world (Timothy
and Macro, 2001)
• Addition of foreign substances
Effect on water quality
Harmful to living organisms and aquatic life
Pesticide water pollution

6. Problem Statement and Justification
Up-Country vegetable
• High rainfall
• High depth of water table
• High frequency of rainfall
(> 2500 mm/year)
• Low temperature
• High assimilation capacity
Dry Zone rice
• Low rainfall
• Low depth of water table
• Low frequency of rainfall
(<1750 mm/year)
• High Temperature
• Low assimilation capacity
Determine level of awareness and the factors affecting to level of awareness of
rice farmer regarding pesticide water pollution in Anuradhapura district

7. Objectives
• General Objective
To determine the level of awareness and factors affecting the level of awareness
of rice farmers about pesticide water pollution in Anuradhapura district
• Specific Objectives
To determine the level of awareness of farmers about water pollution through
pesticides
To find-out the internal factors affecting the level of awareness of farmers
To find-out the external factors affecting the level of awareness of farmers

8. Methodology
• Study Area- Anuradhapura District
22 DS Divisions 7 DS Divisions
Primary Data Collection
Key informant discussion
7 DS Divisions 4 DS Divisions
Simple Random Sampling
1.Rajanganaya
2.Ippologama
3.Thirappane
4.Palugaswewa
Villages were selected purposively
Sample Size – 60 (Simple Random Sampling )

9. Methodology cont..
Data Collection and Data Analysis
Primary Data
Interview schedule
Key informants discussion
Observations
Secondary Data
DoA reports, IWMI reports,
SACR reports
Books, Internet
Data Analysis Descriptive Statistic
Correlation, T-test (SPSS)

10. Conceptual Framework
Internal factors
• Level of education
• Income
• Attitude
• Other
External Environmental Factors
• Extension service (DOA)
• Media (radio, TV, newspaper),
• Farmer
• Private company extension service,
• Relevant government institutes ,
Level of awareness
• Pollutants
• Ways of pollution
• Impact of pollution
Methodology cont..
•NGO
•Dealer
•Other

11. Results and Discussion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Level of education
Respondents%
Levels of education
Mean= 9.05

12. Results and Discussion cont.
Annual income of the farmer
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
<300,000 300,000 -
600,000
>600,000
Income (Rs)
Respondents%
Farm income
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
No Income <250,000 >250,000
Income (Rs)
Respondents%
Off-farm income
Mean=4,38,700
Mean=1,76,865

13. Results and Discussion cont.
Awareness of the farmer
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
<40 40 - 50 >50
Respondents%
Awareness Score
Low Medium High
Mean Score=50.66

14. Results and Discussion cont.
36%
27%
12%
5%
5%
14%
1%
Media
DOA
OGI
NGO
Seller
Farmer
PEO
Information Source on Awareness

15. Attitude of farmer
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
< 30 30 - 40 > 40
Respondents%
Attitude Score
Low Medium High
Mean=37.5
Results and Discussion cont.

16. Frequency of Pesticide Application
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 >2 0 1 2 >2
Maha YalaRespondents%
Frequency of application
Insecticide Weedicide
Mean=1.25 Mean=1.35
(t=1.137, p>0.05)
Mean=1.58 Mean=1.64
(t=1.351, p>0.05)
Results and Discussion cont.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1 - 3 >3 0 1 - 3 > 3
Maha Yala
Respondents%
Frequency of application

17. Pesticide amount per one acre
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 <300 300 -
500
>500 0 <300 300 -
500
>500
Maha Yala
Respondents%
Amount (ml)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 < 300 300 -
500
>500 0 <300 300 -
500
>500
Maha Yala
Respondents%
Amount (ml)
Insecticide Weedicide
Results and Discussion cont.
Mean=181.8 Mean=243.7
(t=2.456, P<0.05)
Mean=455 Mean=609.6
(t=3.606, p<0.05)

18. Conclusions
 The level of awareness of farmers about pesticide water pollution is good
 (mean score of the awareness was 50.66 out of 60)
 The mass media (radio, newspaper and television) are the highest
 information dissemination source about water pollution
 ARPAs and leaflet of DOA help to create awareness
 Field officers of other government institutes also have some impact on
 creating awareness about water pollution.
 Non-government organizations, chemical sellers, and private company extension
 service have very low impact on creating awareness.
 Neighbor farmers have good impact on creating awareness
 Majority of farmers have the attitude that they are concerned about water pollution

19. Conclusions and Recommendations cont.
Recommendations
 Training program for ARPAs about modern agricultural practices.
 Training related to pesticide residue effects on human beings
 Introduce IPM and IWM for rice farmers
 DOA should start advisory service especially for pesticides
 DOA extension system should be oriented towards sustainable farming system
productivity development approach
 Activate functions of the Authorized Officer
 Maintain brand equity(enforce to advertizing with chemical name)
 Develop a system for the return of the empty pesticide containers

20. Do what you can, with what you
have, where you are
(Theodore Roosevelt)

21. Pesticide Act