This document discusses the growth of nationalism, revolution, and democracy in Europe between the 18th and 19th centuries. Some of the key events covered include the French Revolution leading to multiple changes in government, the unification of both Germany and Italy driven by nationalist sentiments, and the early development of democracy in countries like Britain and Switzerland. Nationalism helped inspire independence movements and the creation of unified nation-states, while liberal democratic ideals spread across Europe over this period although to varying degrees in different countries.

1. REVOLUTION, NATIONALISM
AND DEMOCRACY

2. SECTION OUTLINE
1. Ideas shaping the new world
2. New era of revolution
3. Nationalism and democracy grow in Europe
4. France from Empire to Republic
5. Unification and rise of Germany
6. Unification of Italy
7. Growth of Democracy in Other European countries
8. Despotism in Russia and Austria
9. Balkan problem and Ottoman Empire
10. A New Balance Power

3. Ideas Shaping a New World
Ideas shaping the world
 Liberalism
 Conservatism
 Nationalism
 Democracy
“Revolution happen, not when things are bad, but
when the things are just beginning to get better”

4. Ideas Shaping a New World
Congress of Vienna

5. New Era of Revolution
Revolts in Many Nations
~ France three more kings
Louis XVIII, Charles X, and Louis Philippe
“When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold”

6. Nationalism and Democracy Grow in Europe
 Many European nation experienced a burst of
democracy
 Nationalism makes people conscious of a common
history or a common destiny
 Nationalism became too powerful and led to illusions
of racial superiority and imperialism in the 20th
century

7. Growth of Democracy in Britain
• Queen Victoria – the only beloved monarch in
Europe
• Britain developed democracy early
• No British woman can vote at all
• Democracy in Britain at this time in three ways ;
1. The extension of suffrage
2. The development of cabinet system
3. The supremacy of elected leaders to the inherited
leaders
Nationalism and Democracy Grow in Europe

8. Expanding the right to vote
• Reform act of 1832
• In 1918 the right of suffrage was obtained by British
women
• Filipino women became the first Asian women to
vote in 1935
Nationalism and Democracy Grow in Europe

9. Development of Cabinet System
• “cabinet system”
• Prime minister – leader of the majority political
party in parliament and appoints the cabinet
members
• Sir Robert Walpole – first prime minister
Nationalism and Democracy Grow in Europe

10. Supremacy of elected members
• Elected members in the House of Commons gained
supremacy over the nobles in the House of Lords in
1911
Self-Rule for some British Colonies
Nationalism and Democracy Grow in Europe

11. Social reforms
• Parliament abolished slavery and the slave trade,
reformed the criminal code, and protected workers
including men and women
Nationalism and Democracy Grow in Europe

12. Diamond jubilee for Queen Victoria
“ The morning was beautiful and bright with
the fresh air. Troops began passing early with
bands playing, and I heard constant cheering”
Nationalism and Democracy Grow in Europe

13. France: From Empire to Republic
 Napoleon the III and the
second French Republic
• Louis Napoleon – second
Napoleon elected as
president of the Second
French Republic “
Napoleon the Little”

14. • December 2, 1851 – President Louis Napoleon seized
the government by coup d'état.
• Victor Hugo and Adolph Thiers – Courageous
leaders of French democracy
• Louis Napoleon was crowned as Emperor Napoleon
III
• The Emperor ruined the Empire
France: From Empire to Republic

15. Third French Republic (1870-1914)
• September 4 1870 – French army had surrendered
and Napoleon
• The Paris Commune (March 1871)
• The Constitution
• The Dreyfus Scandal
• Democracy did not work smoothly in France as it did
in England and the United States
France: From Empire to Republic

16. 5. Unification and Rise of Germany
Nationalism Inspires Basic Changes.
Nationalism – it helped create unified nations
- threatened to break up large empires

17. Prussia into Germany
• The Prussian sought to unite with guarantees with
their rights
“free press, limited monarchy, and the unification of
Germany”
5. Unification and Rise of Germany

18. Bismarck, Unifier of Germany
Otto Von Bismarck (1815-98) –
Chancellor of Prussia in 1861
“The great issues of the day will not be
decided by the speeches and resolutions
- But by the blood and iron”
- Known as the Iron Chancellor
5. Unification and Rise of Germany

19. Wars to unite Germany
• Danish war (1864)
• Seven’s week war (1866)
• Franco-Prussian war (1870-71)
5. Unification and Rise of Germany

20. • Kaiser (Emperor)
• In the shimmering Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, the
new German nation held the solemn proclamation of
the German Empire on January 18,1871
• Germany took its place as big power in the family of
nations
5. Unification and Rise of Germany

21. The Second Reich
• “Reich” German word for Empire
• The new Germany was a federal union of 25 states
• Wilhelm II wanted to make Germany a major
commercial, colonial and military power
5. Unification and Rise of Germany

22.  German took pride in their cultural and economic
achievements their composer Beethoven and Wagner
5. Unification and Rise of Germany

23. 6. Unification of Italy
Manila Cigars Spark a Revolt
• Manila cigars were a big source of income for the
Austrians who ruled the Lombardy
• The cigar became a symbol of Italian nationalism

24. Italian Disunity
• Italy; it was just a place of many disunited city and
states
• “a new Italy, a united Italy and an Italy of Italians”
• After the Congress of Vienna, most Italy came under
foreign rule
6. Unification of Italy

25. • Giuseppe Mazzini
- A nationalist leader that organized a
secret society called “Young Italy”
6. Unification of Italy

26. • Count Camillo Cavour of Sardinia
- founded the II Risorgimento a
newspaper to awaken national
consciousness of Italians
6. Unification of Italy

27. 7. Growth of Democracy in Other European
Countries
• Switzerland is a small confederation in the Alps
• Established a stable republic in 1848
• The Swiss adopted a democratic life for its citizen
• The officials were few and not corrupt

28. 7. Growth of Democracy in Other European
Countries
 Henri Dunant
- Established the International
Red Cross a humanitarian
organization to reduce suffering
during wars and natural calamities
- Red Cross chapters were created
in almost countries of the world,
including Philippines

29.  Swiss – first European country to adopt universal
male suffrage
- organized a Swiss federal parliament
-they also adopted two democratic principles in
legislation;
1. Referendum
2. Initiative
 Norway – gave woman right to vote and first
European country to grant female suffrage
7. Growth of Democracy in Other European
Countries

30. 8. Despotism in Russia and Austria
Poverty and Despotism in Russia
• Feudalism live longest in Russia which had the most
number of serfs, 40 million serfs still lived in Russia
• Serf could be sold along the land or used as a
servants owners could force them too work and not
pay them
• Russia remained poor, agricultural country

31. 7. Growth of Democracy in Other European
Countries