Revision de articulos
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•284 views
The document summarizes a study that used transesophageal echocardiography on 189 cardiac arrest patients over 18 during CPR. It found that in around 80% of CT scans, the structure underneath the sternum at the intercostal line was something above the left ventricle like the aorta rather than the left ventricle. The study also found that left ventricular stroke volume was higher when compression was closer to the left ventricle, but compression level at that point did not correlate with stroke volume. Direct observation showed standard CPR can narrow the left ventricular outflow tract and/or aortic root to varying degrees.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Echocardiography in cardiac emergency
This document discusses the use of echocardiography in emergency clinical situations. It provides examples of common clinical indications for emergency echocardiography including hemodynamic instability, aortic dissection, acute coronary syndromes, and critically ill patients. The document outlines echocardiography algorithms and describes how to use echocardiography to diagnose conditions like cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, hypotension, and penetrating chest trauma. Key findings are highlighted for various emergency scenarios.
Ischemic Heart Disease Surgery
This document discusses various aspects of ischemic heart disease (IHD) including:
1) Causes, symptoms, and diagnostic tests for IHD including angiography, echocardiography, and exercise ECG.
2) Treatment options for IHD including medical management, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and off-pump CABG.
3) Surgical complications of IHD and their management through procedures like mitral valve repair, ventricular septal defect repair, and left ventricular aneurysm repair.
Cardiac tamponade BY PANKAJ
This document discusses cardiac tamponade, including its anatomy, physiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Cardiac tamponade is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs diastolic filling. It presents with symptoms like chest pain, dyspnea and pulsus paradoxus. Diagnosis is made through echocardiography, ECG changes and chest x-ray. Treatment involves drainage of pericardial fluid, usually through pericardiocentesis, along with medical management including oxygen, medications and ventilation.
13 dilatation of the main pulmonary artery
This document discusses dilatation of the main pulmonary artery seen on clinical imaging. It provides 7 figures showing examples of different conditions that can cause pulmonary artery dilatation, including idiopathic dilatation, thyrotoxicosis, cor pulmonale, Eisenmenger syndrome, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary valvular stenosis, and Fallot's tetralogy. The figures demonstrate features such as prominence of the pulmonary artery, cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary vascularity, enlargement of the pulmonary trunk and branches, and changes indicating right-sided heart enlargement in these various conditions.
Neha diwan presentation on aortic aneurysm
The document discusses aneurysms and aortic dissections. It defines an aneurysm as an abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel wall due to weakening. Aortic dissections occur when the inner layer of the aorta tears, allowing blood to surge between the layers. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, genetics. Symptoms include chest pain. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like ultrasound, CT, or MRI. Treatment depends on location but may include open or endovascular surgery to repair or replace the damaged vessel.
Coronary artery disease
This document provides an overview of coronary artery disease. It defines coronary artery disease as a condition caused by atherosclerosis that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries, typically resulting in chest pain or heart damage. The document notes that coronary artery disease is a progressive reduction in blood supply to the heart muscle due to narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries. It lists atherosclerosis, thrombus formation, lipid and cholesterol deposition, and fibrosis as causes of coronary artery disease. The document discusses medical management, surgical management such as coronary artery bypass grafting and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery, as well as complications like heart failure. It also covers prevention through diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and cholesterol monitoring.
7 acyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary
This document contains 7 figures and their captions that describe various types of cyanotic congenital heart disease characterized by increased pulmonary blood flow. The figures show imaging findings for conditions such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, endocardial cushion defect, aorticopulmonary window, ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, coronary artery fistula, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. The images demonstrate features such as cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary vascularity, and vascular shunts.
6 cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary
This document discusses several cyanotic congenital heart diseases that result in decreased pulmonary vascularity visible on chest radiographs. It describes six conditions - Tetralogy of Fallot, Pseudotruncus arteriosus, Trilogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, Ebstein's anomaly, and Pulmonary atresia - and provides examples of chest radiograph images demonstrating the decreased pulmonary vascularity and other radiographic signs characteristic of each condition.
Recommended
Echocardiography in cardiac emergency
This document discusses the use of echocardiography in emergency clinical situations. It provides examples of common clinical indications for emergency echocardiography including hemodynamic instability, aortic dissection, acute coronary syndromes, and critically ill patients. The document outlines echocardiography algorithms and describes how to use echocardiography to diagnose conditions like cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, hypotension, and penetrating chest trauma. Key findings are highlighted for various emergency scenarios.
Ischemic Heart Disease Surgery
This document discusses various aspects of ischemic heart disease (IHD) including:
1) Causes, symptoms, and diagnostic tests for IHD including angiography, echocardiography, and exercise ECG.
2) Treatment options for IHD including medical management, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and off-pump CABG.
3) Surgical complications of IHD and their management through procedures like mitral valve repair, ventricular septal defect repair, and left ventricular aneurysm repair.
Cardiac tamponade BY PANKAJ
This document discusses cardiac tamponade, including its anatomy, physiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Cardiac tamponade is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs diastolic filling. It presents with symptoms like chest pain, dyspnea and pulsus paradoxus. Diagnosis is made through echocardiography, ECG changes and chest x-ray. Treatment involves drainage of pericardial fluid, usually through pericardiocentesis, along with medical management including oxygen, medications and ventilation.
13 dilatation of the main pulmonary artery
This document discusses dilatation of the main pulmonary artery seen on clinical imaging. It provides 7 figures showing examples of different conditions that can cause pulmonary artery dilatation, including idiopathic dilatation, thyrotoxicosis, cor pulmonale, Eisenmenger syndrome, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary valvular stenosis, and Fallot's tetralogy. The figures demonstrate features such as prominence of the pulmonary artery, cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary vascularity, enlargement of the pulmonary trunk and branches, and changes indicating right-sided heart enlargement in these various conditions.
Neha diwan presentation on aortic aneurysm
The document discusses aneurysms and aortic dissections. It defines an aneurysm as an abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel wall due to weakening. Aortic dissections occur when the inner layer of the aorta tears, allowing blood to surge between the layers. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, genetics. Symptoms include chest pain. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like ultrasound, CT, or MRI. Treatment depends on location but may include open or endovascular surgery to repair or replace the damaged vessel.
Coronary artery disease
This document provides an overview of coronary artery disease. It defines coronary artery disease as a condition caused by atherosclerosis that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries, typically resulting in chest pain or heart damage. The document notes that coronary artery disease is a progressive reduction in blood supply to the heart muscle due to narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries. It lists atherosclerosis, thrombus formation, lipid and cholesterol deposition, and fibrosis as causes of coronary artery disease. The document discusses medical management, surgical management such as coronary artery bypass grafting and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery, as well as complications like heart failure. It also covers prevention through diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and cholesterol monitoring.
7 acyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary
This document contains 7 figures and their captions that describe various types of cyanotic congenital heart disease characterized by increased pulmonary blood flow. The figures show imaging findings for conditions such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, endocardial cushion defect, aorticopulmonary window, ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, coronary artery fistula, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. The images demonstrate features such as cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary vascularity, and vascular shunts.
6 cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary
This document discusses several cyanotic congenital heart diseases that result in decreased pulmonary vascularity visible on chest radiographs. It describes six conditions - Tetralogy of Fallot, Pseudotruncus arteriosus, Trilogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, Ebstein's anomaly, and Pulmonary atresia - and provides examples of chest radiograph images demonstrating the decreased pulmonary vascularity and other radiographic signs characteristic of each condition.
8 acyanotic congenital heart disease with normal pulmonary
This document discusses several types of acyanotic congenital heart disease with normal pulmonary blood flow, including coarctation of the aorta, subvalvular aortic stenosis, valvular aortic stenosis, supravalvular aortic stenosis, endocardial fibroelastosis, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. It provides images demonstrating key features of each condition.
Aortic dissection 2015
An aortic dissection is a tear within the layers of the aortic wall. It can cause severe chest or back pain and risks damage to organs if blood flow is blocked. Prompt diagnosis through imaging tests and treatment are critical to survival. While type A dissections involving the ascending aorta require emergency surgery, type B dissections of the descending aorta can often be treated through intensive blood pressure control and medication to prevent expansion of the tear. Risk factors include hypertension, genetics, trauma, and certain medical conditions.
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation is the abnormal reversal of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium, caused by disruption of the mitral valve apparatus. It can be divided into acute, chronic compensated, and chronic decompensated stages. The etiology includes primary causes where the valve itself is abnormal, and secondary causes where the heart problem leads to valve dysfunction. Diagnosis is typically made using 2D echocardiography for diastolic murmurs or systolic murmurs grade 3-6. Treatment options include medical management or surgical repair or replacement of the valve.
Cardiology2472010
A 49-year-old male presented with syncope and was found to have cardiomyopathy with severely reduced ejection fraction less than 25% based on echocardiogram findings. Cardiac catheterization showed severe blockages of the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries. Despite a non-ischemic etiology, the patient was evaluated for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator due to the reduced ejection fraction. A separate 33-year-old male presented with chest pain and was diagnosed with an anterior STEMI based on ECG findings.
5 cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary
This document contains descriptions and images of various cyanotic congenital heart diseases that cause increased pulmonary vascularity. It discusses conditions such as persistent truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, Taussig-Bing anomaly, double outlet right ventricle, single ventricle, common atrioventricular canal, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, and Eisenmenger physiology in patent ductus arteriosus. Each condition is exemplified through an associated medical image and brief explanatory caption.
Pulmonary embolism
This document discusses pulmonary embolism (PE), which refers to obstruction of the pulmonary artery or its branches by a thrombus (blood clot). PE can be caused by factors that increase clotting like surgery, trauma, or heart failure. When a thrombus blocks a pulmonary vessel, it impairs gas exchange and increases pulmonary vascular resistance, raising pressure in the pulmonary artery and overworking the right ventricle. Diagnosis involves tests like ventilation-perfusion scans and treatment focuses on anticoagulation, thrombolytic drugs, or occasionally surgery to remove clots. Nursing care aims to prevent clots, monitor for complications, manage pain and oxygen therapy.
Congenital Heart Diseases
This document classifies and describes different types of congenital heart diseases. It divides them into two main categories: acyanotic/nonshunt/left to right shunts, which do not cause mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and are less dangerous; and cyanotic/shunt/right to left shunts, which do cause mixing and are more dangerous. The acyanotic types include atrial and ventricular septal defects, persistent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, dextrocardia, and ectopia cordis. The cyanotic types, known as the "five T's", include tricuspid atresia, persistent truncus arterios
4 left ventricular enlargement
This document discusses left ventricular enlargement as seen on chest radiographs. It presents 8 figures showing examples of left ventricular enlargement caused by different conditions, including arteriosclerotic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, aortic insufficiency, aortic stenosis, mitral insufficiency, glycogen storage disease, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and endocardial fibroelastosis. The chest radiographs demonstrate the characteristic appearances of left ventricular enlargement for each of these conditions.
A brief description on an Embolectomy procedure..
Embolectomy is an emergency surgical procedure to remove blood clots or other masses (emboli) that are blocking blood flow. It involves inserting a catheter and using a balloon or suction to remove the clot. It is used as a last resort treatment for massive pulmonary embolism or arterial blockages that can lead to tissue damage or death if blood flow is not restored. While the procedure carries risks of complications like blood vessel damage, it can save lives in some cases by reopening blocked blood vessels when anticoagulation drugs or clot-busting drugs cannot be used or have failed to treat the clot. Outcomes depend on the size and location of the clot, with pulmonary embolism
Aneurysm
The document outlines a seminar presentation on aneurysms. It discusses the introduction, historical aspects, classification, abdominal aortic aneurysm, surgical management, and recent advances related to aneurysms. The presentation covers the definition, etiology, location, morphology, and pathogenesis of different types of aneurysms. It provides details on abdominal aortic aneurysms including risk factors, natural progression, clinical presentation, diagnosis using imaging modalities like ultrasound and CT, and treatment.
remarkable significant unusual findings
This document discusses the case of a 4-month-old baby boy diagnosed with a weak and dilated heart at 32 days old. Echocardiography revealed dilated ventricles and a continuous murmur. Further imaging with CT scan diagnosed the patient with left lower lobe intralobar pulmonary sequestration, where part of the lung receives anomalous arterial blood supply directly from the aorta. Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly where non-functioning lung tissue has its own blood supply, and can cause infections, heart failure, or failure to thrive if left untreated. Surgical excision is usually curative for symptomatic patients.
Aortic dissection nikku ppt
An aortic dissection occurs when blood tears the inner layer of the aorta, separating it from the middle layer. It is classified by location and timing of symptoms. Risk factors include hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and family history. Treatment depends on location but may include surgery, endovascular stent grafting, or medical management of blood pressure. Prognosis depends on type and treatment, with mortality rates declining with advances in surgical and endovascular techniques.
Resuscitative Thoracotomy
This document discusses emergency department thoracotomy (ED thoracotomy). It describes the procedures as:
1) Releasing pericardial tamponade to improve cardiac output and control cardiac hemorrhaging.
2) Controlling intrathoracic vascular or cardiac hemorrhaging to improve cardiac output and myocardial perfusion.
3) Controlling massive air embolism or bronchopleural fistula to resolve myocardial ischemia and improve contractility and prevent neurological injury.
4) Performing open cardiac massage to improve resuscitative cardiac output and coronary perfusion, especially with limited ventricular filling pressures.
5) Occluding the descending aorta to redistribute limited blood volume to the myocardium and brain
Constrictive pericarditis pathophysiology
This document discusses the pathophysiology of constrictive pericarditis (CCP). CCP is caused by a thickened and fibrotic pericardium that restricts heart filling. This leads to 4 key hemodynamic changes: 1) impaired diastolic filling, 2) dissociation of intrathoracic and intracardiac pressures with respiration, 3) excessive ventricular coupling, and 4) heart rate dependent filling. The thick pericardium equalizes pressures in all chambers and abruptly halts early diastolic filling. Inspiration decreases left ventricular filling while increasing right ventricular filling via septal shift. Expiration causes the opposite effect.
Pericardial diseases
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical presentation of pericardial disease. It begins with an overview of pericardial anatomy and the two layers. It then discusses the different types of pericardial disease including acute pericarditis, chronic pericarditis, and pericardial effusions. For each type, it outlines the potential etiologies, pathologies, clinical features, and diagnostic evaluation. Common causes include viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and drugs. The diagnostic yield for determining the specific etiology is typically around 16% based on traditional evaluation, but newer techniques like PCR and immunohistochemistry on pericardial fluid have higher yields.
Cardiology questions
1) The document discusses a rare cardiac tumor known as an angiosarcoma that arises in the right atrium and can invade surrounding structures like the vena cava or tricuspid valve.
2) It also discusses Marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disorder associated with floppy mitral valves and aortic dissection, caused by a genetic mutation that leads to excessive TGF-β and weakening of heart and lung tissues.
3) Several questions are presented regarding various cardiac conditions, complications, diagnoses and treatment options.
Cvs aneurysms&dissection-csbrp
1) Aneurysms are abnormal dilations of blood vessels or the heart that can be congenital or acquired. Common sites include the abdominal aorta and left ventricle.
2) There are two main types of aneurysms - true aneurysms which involve a thinned arterial wall and false aneurysms/pseudoaneurysms which involve a defect in the arterial wall.
3) The main causes of aortic aneurysms are atherosclerosis, which commonly causes abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), and hypertension, which commonly causes thoracic aortic aneurysms.
Guides on Heart Disease
This document provides an overview of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. It describes the structure and blood flow through the heart chambers. It discusses concepts such as preload, contractility, afterload, and how they impact cardiac output and blood pressure. It also summarizes common symptoms of cardiac disease like chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and syncope. The document concludes by outlining aspects of cardiovascular examination such as inspection, palpation of pulses, auscultation of heart sounds, and evaluation of jugular venous pressure.
Acute left ventricular failure
This document discusses acute heart failure, including its definition, causes, clinical presentations, and pathophysiology. Acute heart failure is rapid onset heart failure that can occur with or without previous cardiac disease. It is often life-threatening and requires urgent treatment. The patient may present with acute decompensated heart failure, hypertensive acute heart failure, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, or high output failure. The pathophysiology involves a vicious cycle where the heart cannot maintain sufficient cardiac output to meet demands, leading to further worsening if not treated.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiac diseases due to intrinsic myocardial dysfunction.
Primary & secondary.
The three major types are
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is Characterized by a primary decrease in ventricular compliance, resulting in impaired ventricular filling during diastole.
Diastolic dysfunction ; but systolic function is unaffected.
May be confused with constrictive pericarditis or HCM.
Idiopathic or associated with systemic diseases.
Emergency cadiopulmonary imaging
This document discusses various imaging approaches for evaluating acute chest pain and thoracic abnormalities. It begins by outlining how cardiac CT angiography can be used to assess coronary artery disease and causes of non-cardiac chest pain such as aortic disorders, pulmonary embolism, and other thoracic issues. Examples of CT and MRI images are provided to illustrate different pathologies. The document then focuses on specific conditions like aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, and pleural effusions. Imaging findings and diagnostic criteria for each condition are summarized.
23204931
The document describes a case of a 3-week-old infant referred for tachypnea. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly and normal pulmonary vascularity. Aortogram showed normal aorta but retrograde filling of the left coronary artery from collaterals, with the proximal left coronary draining into the pulmonary artery rather than the aorta. The most likely diagnosis is Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, a rare condition where one coronary artery, usually the left, originates from the pulmonary artery rather than the aorta.
More Related Content
What's hot
8 acyanotic congenital heart disease with normal pulmonary
This document discusses several types of acyanotic congenital heart disease with normal pulmonary blood flow, including coarctation of the aorta, subvalvular aortic stenosis, valvular aortic stenosis, supravalvular aortic stenosis, endocardial fibroelastosis, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. It provides images demonstrating key features of each condition.
Aortic dissection 2015
An aortic dissection is a tear within the layers of the aortic wall. It can cause severe chest or back pain and risks damage to organs if blood flow is blocked. Prompt diagnosis through imaging tests and treatment are critical to survival. While type A dissections involving the ascending aorta require emergency surgery, type B dissections of the descending aorta can often be treated through intensive blood pressure control and medication to prevent expansion of the tear. Risk factors include hypertension, genetics, trauma, and certain medical conditions.
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation is the abnormal reversal of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium, caused by disruption of the mitral valve apparatus. It can be divided into acute, chronic compensated, and chronic decompensated stages. The etiology includes primary causes where the valve itself is abnormal, and secondary causes where the heart problem leads to valve dysfunction. Diagnosis is typically made using 2D echocardiography for diastolic murmurs or systolic murmurs grade 3-6. Treatment options include medical management or surgical repair or replacement of the valve.
Cardiology2472010
A 49-year-old male presented with syncope and was found to have cardiomyopathy with severely reduced ejection fraction less than 25% based on echocardiogram findings. Cardiac catheterization showed severe blockages of the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries. Despite a non-ischemic etiology, the patient was evaluated for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator due to the reduced ejection fraction. A separate 33-year-old male presented with chest pain and was diagnosed with an anterior STEMI based on ECG findings.
5 cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary
This document contains descriptions and images of various cyanotic congenital heart diseases that cause increased pulmonary vascularity. It discusses conditions such as persistent truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, Taussig-Bing anomaly, double outlet right ventricle, single ventricle, common atrioventricular canal, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, and Eisenmenger physiology in patent ductus arteriosus. Each condition is exemplified through an associated medical image and brief explanatory caption.
Pulmonary embolism
This document discusses pulmonary embolism (PE), which refers to obstruction of the pulmonary artery or its branches by a thrombus (blood clot). PE can be caused by factors that increase clotting like surgery, trauma, or heart failure. When a thrombus blocks a pulmonary vessel, it impairs gas exchange and increases pulmonary vascular resistance, raising pressure in the pulmonary artery and overworking the right ventricle. Diagnosis involves tests like ventilation-perfusion scans and treatment focuses on anticoagulation, thrombolytic drugs, or occasionally surgery to remove clots. Nursing care aims to prevent clots, monitor for complications, manage pain and oxygen therapy.
Congenital Heart Diseases
This document classifies and describes different types of congenital heart diseases. It divides them into two main categories: acyanotic/nonshunt/left to right shunts, which do not cause mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and are less dangerous; and cyanotic/shunt/right to left shunts, which do cause mixing and are more dangerous. The acyanotic types include atrial and ventricular septal defects, persistent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, dextrocardia, and ectopia cordis. The cyanotic types, known as the "five T's", include tricuspid atresia, persistent truncus arterios
4 left ventricular enlargement
This document discusses left ventricular enlargement as seen on chest radiographs. It presents 8 figures showing examples of left ventricular enlargement caused by different conditions, including arteriosclerotic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, aortic insufficiency, aortic stenosis, mitral insufficiency, glycogen storage disease, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and endocardial fibroelastosis. The chest radiographs demonstrate the characteristic appearances of left ventricular enlargement for each of these conditions.
A brief description on an Embolectomy procedure..
Embolectomy is an emergency surgical procedure to remove blood clots or other masses (emboli) that are blocking blood flow. It involves inserting a catheter and using a balloon or suction to remove the clot. It is used as a last resort treatment for massive pulmonary embolism or arterial blockages that can lead to tissue damage or death if blood flow is not restored. While the procedure carries risks of complications like blood vessel damage, it can save lives in some cases by reopening blocked blood vessels when anticoagulation drugs or clot-busting drugs cannot be used or have failed to treat the clot. Outcomes depend on the size and location of the clot, with pulmonary embolism
Aneurysm
The document outlines a seminar presentation on aneurysms. It discusses the introduction, historical aspects, classification, abdominal aortic aneurysm, surgical management, and recent advances related to aneurysms. The presentation covers the definition, etiology, location, morphology, and pathogenesis of different types of aneurysms. It provides details on abdominal aortic aneurysms including risk factors, natural progression, clinical presentation, diagnosis using imaging modalities like ultrasound and CT, and treatment.
remarkable significant unusual findings
This document discusses the case of a 4-month-old baby boy diagnosed with a weak and dilated heart at 32 days old. Echocardiography revealed dilated ventricles and a continuous murmur. Further imaging with CT scan diagnosed the patient with left lower lobe intralobar pulmonary sequestration, where part of the lung receives anomalous arterial blood supply directly from the aorta. Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly where non-functioning lung tissue has its own blood supply, and can cause infections, heart failure, or failure to thrive if left untreated. Surgical excision is usually curative for symptomatic patients.
Aortic dissection nikku ppt
An aortic dissection occurs when blood tears the inner layer of the aorta, separating it from the middle layer. It is classified by location and timing of symptoms. Risk factors include hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and family history. Treatment depends on location but may include surgery, endovascular stent grafting, or medical management of blood pressure. Prognosis depends on type and treatment, with mortality rates declining with advances in surgical and endovascular techniques.
Resuscitative Thoracotomy
This document discusses emergency department thoracotomy (ED thoracotomy). It describes the procedures as:
1) Releasing pericardial tamponade to improve cardiac output and control cardiac hemorrhaging.
2) Controlling intrathoracic vascular or cardiac hemorrhaging to improve cardiac output and myocardial perfusion.
3) Controlling massive air embolism or bronchopleural fistula to resolve myocardial ischemia and improve contractility and prevent neurological injury.
4) Performing open cardiac massage to improve resuscitative cardiac output and coronary perfusion, especially with limited ventricular filling pressures.
5) Occluding the descending aorta to redistribute limited blood volume to the myocardium and brain
Constrictive pericarditis pathophysiology
This document discusses the pathophysiology of constrictive pericarditis (CCP). CCP is caused by a thickened and fibrotic pericardium that restricts heart filling. This leads to 4 key hemodynamic changes: 1) impaired diastolic filling, 2) dissociation of intrathoracic and intracardiac pressures with respiration, 3) excessive ventricular coupling, and 4) heart rate dependent filling. The thick pericardium equalizes pressures in all chambers and abruptly halts early diastolic filling. Inspiration decreases left ventricular filling while increasing right ventricular filling via septal shift. Expiration causes the opposite effect.
Pericardial diseases
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical presentation of pericardial disease. It begins with an overview of pericardial anatomy and the two layers. It then discusses the different types of pericardial disease including acute pericarditis, chronic pericarditis, and pericardial effusions. For each type, it outlines the potential etiologies, pathologies, clinical features, and diagnostic evaluation. Common causes include viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and drugs. The diagnostic yield for determining the specific etiology is typically around 16% based on traditional evaluation, but newer techniques like PCR and immunohistochemistry on pericardial fluid have higher yields.
Cardiology questions
1) The document discusses a rare cardiac tumor known as an angiosarcoma that arises in the right atrium and can invade surrounding structures like the vena cava or tricuspid valve.
2) It also discusses Marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disorder associated with floppy mitral valves and aortic dissection, caused by a genetic mutation that leads to excessive TGF-β and weakening of heart and lung tissues.
3) Several questions are presented regarding various cardiac conditions, complications, diagnoses and treatment options.
Cvs aneurysms&dissection-csbrp
1) Aneurysms are abnormal dilations of blood vessels or the heart that can be congenital or acquired. Common sites include the abdominal aorta and left ventricle.
2) There are two main types of aneurysms - true aneurysms which involve a thinned arterial wall and false aneurysms/pseudoaneurysms which involve a defect in the arterial wall.
3) The main causes of aortic aneurysms are atherosclerosis, which commonly causes abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), and hypertension, which commonly causes thoracic aortic aneurysms.
Guides on Heart Disease
This document provides an overview of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. It describes the structure and blood flow through the heart chambers. It discusses concepts such as preload, contractility, afterload, and how they impact cardiac output and blood pressure. It also summarizes common symptoms of cardiac disease like chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and syncope. The document concludes by outlining aspects of cardiovascular examination such as inspection, palpation of pulses, auscultation of heart sounds, and evaluation of jugular venous pressure.
Acute left ventricular failure
This document discusses acute heart failure, including its definition, causes, clinical presentations, and pathophysiology. Acute heart failure is rapid onset heart failure that can occur with or without previous cardiac disease. It is often life-threatening and requires urgent treatment. The patient may present with acute decompensated heart failure, hypertensive acute heart failure, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, or high output failure. The pathophysiology involves a vicious cycle where the heart cannot maintain sufficient cardiac output to meet demands, leading to further worsening if not treated.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiac diseases due to intrinsic myocardial dysfunction.
Primary & secondary.
The three major types are
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is Characterized by a primary decrease in ventricular compliance, resulting in impaired ventricular filling during diastole.
Diastolic dysfunction ; but systolic function is unaffected.
May be confused with constrictive pericarditis or HCM.
Idiopathic or associated with systemic diseases.
What's hot (20)
8 acyanotic congenital heart disease with normal pulmonary
8 acyanotic congenital heart disease with normal pulmonary
5 cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary
5 cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary
Similar to Revision de articulos
Emergency cadiopulmonary imaging
This document discusses various imaging approaches for evaluating acute chest pain and thoracic abnormalities. It begins by outlining how cardiac CT angiography can be used to assess coronary artery disease and causes of non-cardiac chest pain such as aortic disorders, pulmonary embolism, and other thoracic issues. Examples of CT and MRI images are provided to illustrate different pathologies. The document then focuses on specific conditions like aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, and pleural effusions. Imaging findings and diagnostic criteria for each condition are summarized.
23204931
The document describes a case of a 3-week-old infant referred for tachypnea. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly and normal pulmonary vascularity. Aortogram showed normal aorta but retrograde filling of the left coronary artery from collaterals, with the proximal left coronary draining into the pulmonary artery rather than the aorta. The most likely diagnosis is Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, a rare condition where one coronary artery, usually the left, originates from the pulmonary artery rather than the aorta.
Presentation1, x ray film reading of the chest.
This document contains a collection of chest x-ray images along with brief descriptions and labels. It appears to be a study guide or quiz for identifying various lung and chest conditions visible on x-rays. The images show examples of conditions such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, masses, cysts, hernias, fractures, and other pathologies. Key information highlighted includes anatomical features, appearance, location, and diagnostic indicators for different diseases and abnormalities.
Imaging abdomen trauma mesenteric bowel trauma part 6 Dr Ahmed Esawy
Imaging abdomen trauma mesenteric bowel trauma part 6 dr ahmed esawy
include different cases for oral radiodiagnosis examination all over the world
CT /MRI Plain X ray images
blunt abdominal trauma
penetrating abdominal trauma
fast abdominal ultrasound
haemoperitoneum
pneumoperitoneum
american association of surgeon in trauma AAST
SUBCAPSULAR HAEMATOMA
PARENCHYMAL LACERATION
MESENTERIC HAEMATOMA
BOWEL INJURY
FREE INTRAPERITONEAL AIR
FREE RETROPERITONEAL AIR
BOWEL WALL HAEMATOMA
MESENTERIC PSEUDOANEURYSM
PELVIC HAEMATOMA
Radiology of Pulmonary Hypertension
This document discusses pulmonary hypertension and outlines various modalities used to diagnose it, including x-ray, CT, and echocardiography. By the time a diagnosis is made, 90% of patients will have an abnormal chest x-ray showing signs like an enlarged right ventricle, right atrium, and pulmonary vessels. CTPA provides detail of pulmonary vessels and can detect emboli, while HRCT is useful for underlying lung conditions. Echocardiography estimates pulmonary pressures, assesses right ventricular size and function, and can detect valve issues or shunts that may be causing pulmonary hypertension.
TORAX 2 PARTE (SILUETA CARDIACA E HILIOS)
Dr.Héctor Domínguez Hernández
Residente Imagenología
Platica básica acerca de las estructuras que conforman la silueta cardíaca, mediciones básicas en la placa simple, incluye también mediastina e hilios pulmonares.
[Int. med] jugular venous pressure from SIMS Lahore
The jugular venous pressure (JVP) provides an indirect measure of central venous pressure. Normally the JVP is 6-8 cm H2O above the right atrium. Deviations from this range indicate hypovolemia or impaired cardiac filling. The JVP is examined by observing pulsations in the right internal jugular vein and measuring the vertical distance between the pulsation and sternal angle. An elevated JVP indicates venous hypertension from conditions like heart failure. The JVP waveform has an a wave from atrial contraction and a v wave from venous filling. Abnormalities in the waves can indicate conditions like heart block or tricuspid regurgitation. An elevated JVP is a sign of right-sided heart
Aortic aneurysms and dissection 2016
Update on current management of aortic aneurysms with special emphasis on descending aortic aneurysms.
EHJ-CR-Slide-Set (1).pptx
This case series presents 7 cases of congenital aortic diseases assessed using cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA). CCTA provided detailed visualization of vascular structures and spatial relationships that were important for diagnosis and surgical planning. The cases included vascular rings, interrupted arches, coarctation and hypoplasia. CCTA allowed early diagnosis and treatment. Multi-imaging is important for assessing these complex anomalies and guiding management, like surgical or endovascular interventions. Three-dimensional CCTA images provided valuable information for optimal diagnosis and surgical planning.
Acquired heart disease II
This document discusses various diseases of the pericardium, heart, and thoracic aorta as assessed through non-invasive imaging techniques. It covers conditions such as pericarditis, pericardial cysts, cardiac tumors including myxomas, angiosarcomas and lymphomas. Diseases of the thoracic aorta explored are aortic dissection, aneurysms, and rupture. Key imaging modalities discussed are echocardiography, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine scans.
23204940
The CT images show a high-attenuation collection displacing the heart to the right, indicating hemopericardium or blood in the pericardial sac. Figure 3B further shows a brightly enhancing structure near a surgical clip on the distal posterior descending coronary artery, consistent with a pseudoaneurysm causing the hemorrhage. The findings are most consistent with hemopericardium developing several days after coronary bypass surgery.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of scimitar syndrome
Scimitar syndrome is characterized by a hypoplastic right lung drained by an anomalous vein into the inferior vena cava, known as a scimitar vein. It presents with a partial anomalous pulmonary venous return most commonly on the right side. Associated findings include congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic anomalies, and vertebral anomalies. Radiological imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, with chest x-rays sometimes showing the scimitar vein and reduced lung volume. CT and MRI are useful to precisely map the anomalous pulmonary vein and associated abnormalities.
Heart & pericardium
This document contains images and text describing the anatomy and pathologies of the heart and great vessels. It discusses aortic regurgitation and stenosis, providing details on:
- Etiology, presentation, associated abnormalities
- Radiographic, CT, and MRI findings for each condition
- Differential diagnosis
It uses diagrams and images from CT, MRI, and radiography to illustrate the key features of aortic regurgitation and stenosis.
Mcq in cardiology 2015 magdi sasi
This document contains several case studies in cardiology presented by Dr. Magdi Awad Sasi from the CCU department of Octoper Hospital in Benghazi, Libya.
The first case discusses a 55-year-old man presenting with chest pain and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The most appropriate initial diagnostic procedure is listed as cardiac catheterization.
The second case involves a 35-year-old woman who died of pulmonary embolism, and upon autopsy was found to have mitral stenosis, likely due to previous rheumatic fever.
The third case describes a 74-year-old man found to have widening of the mediastinum and aortic insufficiency murmur, indicating
Imaging of Aortic Dissection
This document provides information on imaging of aortic dissection, including:
1. CT is the most sensitive imaging method for detecting aortic dissection, showing features like an intimal flap separating the true and false lumens.
2. Risk factors include hypertension, male sex, advanced age, and connective tissue disorders. Acute aortic dissections are classified as Stanford type A or B.
3. Management decisions are based on details of the dissection like entry/exit points and branch vessel involvement that affect outcomes.
Adult Lines and Tubes in Radiology
The document discusses various lines, tubes, and devices commonly seen on radiological imaging. It provides details on the correct positioning and potential complications of nasogastric tubes, endotracheal tubes, tracheostomy tubes, central venous catheters, pulmonary artery catheters, intra-aortic balloon pumps, pacemakers, and intercostal tubes. Radiographs are included illustrating both proper positioning and examples of complications for some of these devices.
CT Imaging for Acute Aortic Syndrome
Contrast-enhanced, cardiac-gated CT is highly accurate for determining the cause of acute aortic syndrome, which can be due to aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, or unstable thoracic aneurysm. CT accurately identifies the location and extent of disease and guides urgent surgical or endovascular repair when needed to treat life-threatening conditions such as type A aortic dissection or ruptured aneurysm.
Cardio
This document discusses various cardiovascular imaging modalities including their uses, strengths, and limitations. It covers modalities such as chest x-ray, echocardiography, nuclear medicine studies, MRI, CT, ultrasound, and invasive angiography. For each modality, it provides examples of what cardiovascular structures or conditions they can best evaluate such as valve function, wall motion, perfusion, coronary arteries, aneurysms, and more. It also notes some modalities may be used for both diagnostic and interventional purposes.
Coarctation of aorta |CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT
A narrowing of the large blood vessel (aorta) that leads from the heart.
Coarctation of the aorta is usually present at birth (congenital) and may occur with other heart defects.
Many people have no symptoms and the condition often isn't detected until adulthood. The most common symptom in adults is high blood pressure. Rarely, severe cases can cause heart failure in babies.
Treatment involves surgery or a catheter-based procedure to fix the narrowing.
Pressure, Damping and Ventricularization_Crimson Publishers
This document discusses pressure changes that can occur during coronary angiography, specifically damping and ventricularization. Damping is defined as a significant decrease in pressure at the coronary ostium when the catheter is placed, accompanied by the disappearance of pressure waveforms, suggesting no antegrade flow. Ventricularization occurs when blood circulates within a coronary artery like a closed system, deforming the aortic pressure waveform. The document emphasizes the importance of the operator recognizing abnormal pressure changes to avoid complications, and provides solutions like catheter replacement or intracoronary nitroglycerin to address issues.
Similar to Revision de articulos (20)
Imaging abdomen trauma mesenteric bowel trauma part 6 Dr Ahmed Esawy
Imaging abdomen trauma mesenteric bowel trauma part 6 Dr Ahmed Esawy
[Int. med] jugular venous pressure from SIMS Lahore
[Int. med] jugular venous pressure from SIMS Lahore
Presentation1, radiological imaging of scimitar syndrome
Presentation1, radiological imaging of scimitar syndrome
Pressure, Damping and Ventricularization_Crimson Publishers
Pressure, Damping and Ventricularization_Crimson Publishers
Revision de articulos
- 1. Juan Pablo González V. Docente: Dr. Cortés
- 4. In about 80% of the 189 patients’ CT images, the intrathoracic structure just underneath the sternum at the INL was a structure cephalad to the left ventricle such as the ascending aorta,the root of aorta, or the left ventricular outflow tract, rather than the left ventricle
- 5.
- 6.
- 7. Prospective observational study Nontraumatic cardiac arrest patients older than 18 years Transesophageal echocardiography was performed during CPR
- 9. The closer the AMC was to the left ventricle, the higher the observed left ventricular stroke volume. No significant correlation was found between the left ventricular stroke volume and the degree of compression at the AMC
- 11. Direct observation with transesophageal echocardiography during resuscitation shows that the outflow of the left ventricle is affected during standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation, resulting in varying degrees of narrowing in the left ventricular outflow tract and ⁄ or the aortic root.