this paper is about a review on improvement of bandwidth for micro strip patch antenna and different methods used to improve

1. Review Paper on Improvement of Bandwidth
for Microstrip Patch Antenna
Touko Tcheutou Stephane Borel
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Vadodara, India
stephtouko@yahoo.com
Abstract: Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in compact, conformal and low- cost wireless applications due to its
advantages over conventional antenna. Literature study of last few decades of micro strip patch antenna (MPA) shows that
the different techniques are usedto design a small sizemicro strippatch antenna. This paperalso presents literature review
of rectangular Patch antenna for improvement of the bandwidth and also different antenna designing methods like W
shape, U shape, V shape and Array of Rectangular slotted. These antennas operatedon single band, dual band, multiband
and UWB frequencies.
Key words: Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA), Wireless Communication, Bandwidth
1. INTRODUCTION
Antennas allow wireless communications between
two or more stations by directing signals toward the
stations. a means for radiating or receiving radio
waves. Microstrip antennas have attracted a lot of
attenuation due to rapid growth in wireless
communication area. Microstrip antennas in its
simplest configuration are shown in fig 1
Figure 1: Microstrip Patch Antenna
In order to simplify analysis and performance
prediction, the patch is generally square, rectangular,
circular, triangular, and elliptical in shape. Mobile
communication requires small, low-cost, low profile
antennas. Microstrip patch antenna meets all
requirements and various types ofmicrostrip antennas
have been designed for use in wireless communication
systems.
2. ANTENNA DESIGN
Step 1: The width of the micro strip patch antenna is
calculated by equation [1]
….. eq 1
Step 2: Determine effective dielectric constant [1,8]
… eq 2
Step 3: Calculate the length extension ΔL
…… eq 3
Step 4: Determine the patch length [1, 8]
……. eq 4
Step 5: calculate the dimensions of ground [13]
…. eq 5 & 6

2. 3. LITERATURE REVIEW
Mamun Ahmed1, Nasimul Hyder Maruf Bhuyan,
etc. [14] proposed a design and Simulation of an
Improved Bandwidth V-Slotted Patch Antenna for
IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX). Here a conventional
rectangular V-slotted patch antenna is commonly used
for 2.4 GHz Wireless local area network (WLAN)
applications. A corner truncated scheme is designed
and simulation to improve the operational bandwidth
of the subjected antenna to make it operational for
WiMAX (2~6 GHZ) applications. The corners of
rectangular V-slotted patch antenna, results in
enhanced operational bandwidth and betterreturn loss
for WiMAX. The antenna is mounted on FR4 substrate
having thickness 1.6 𝑚𝑚 with relative permittivity of
4.7
Figure 2: geometry of the proposed antenna
Figure 3: Frequency v/s dB of S11 graph
Resonant
frequency
(GHz)
Return loss
(DB)
Bandwidth
(%)
2.4 - 27.39 8.33
3.4 - 20.60 9.41
4.3 - 23.12 8.83
Table 1: Return Loss and Percentage Bandwidth for
Corner Truncated V-slotted Rectangular Patch
Antenna
Abbas Ali Lotfi Neyestanak, Farrokh Hojjat. [5]
proposed W-shaped enhanced bandwidth patch
antenna for wireless communication. Here a novel
form of the familiar E-shaped patch antenna is
presented. In the presented approach, by using the
genetic algorithm (GA) based on fuzzy decision-
making, some modifications have been implemented
to the incorporated slots which lead to even more
enhancement in the antenna bandwidth. Prototype
antenna, resonating at wireless communication
frequencies of 1.88 and 2.37GHz, has been
constructed and experimental results are in relatively
good agreement with the analysis. At the end, 36.7%
bandwidth W-shaped patch antenna is designed
Figure 4: W-shaped patch antenna

3. Figure 5: S11 of the W-shaped patch antenna
(measured and calculated)
Jia-Yi Sze, Kin-Lu Wong [9] presented Slotted
Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Bandwidth
Enhancement. Here a modified U-shaped slot in a
rectangular microstrip patch, novel bandwidth
enhancement of microstrip antennas is demonstrated.
Required dimensions of the right-angle slots and
modified U-shaped slot for bandwidth enhancement
with good radiating characteristics have been
determined experimentally and the obtained antenna
bandwidth can be as large as about 2.4 times (47.16%)
that of a corresponding unslotted rectangular
microstrip patch antenna.
Figure 6: a modified U-shaped slot
figure 7: comparison of slotted and unslotted
antennas bandwidth
Mohini Narendra Naik, H. G. Virani [8] proposed
Design and Simulation of Array of Rectangular
Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna with Improved
Bandwidth for WLAN. A single antenna element and
an array of 1 x 2, 1 x 4 & 1 x 8 of rectangular slotted
antenna were designed.The array of rectangular patch
antenna gives better results as compared with simple
single rectangular patch antenna. The design of patch
antenna has been completed using IE3D software. The
antenna has been designed on 0.5 mm RT duroid 5880
substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and loss
tangent of 0.0004 for 5-6 GHz.
Figure 8: A: 1 x 8, B: 1x2, C: 1x4 Array of
Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

4. Figure 9: Return loss V/S Frequency of a Single
Element Patch & Array of 1 x 2, 1 x 4 and 1 x 8
Rectangular Slotted Patch Antenna
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper the performance of the microstrip patch
antenna is reviewed on the basis of its characteristic
parameters like Bandwidth and Return loss in W
shape, U shape, V shape, and Array of Rectangular
Slotted. We have seen that the multiple designs of
Microstrip Patch Antenna are possible to be studied
for improvement of bandwidth. Out of these different
papers,we can see that the best improvement is for U-
shaped (47.16 % at 2.4 GHz).
5. REFERENCES
[1] C. A. Balanis, Antennatheory: analysis anddesign (JohnWiley
& Sons,2005).
[2] Weston Baines and Reena Dahle “Enhanced Bandwidth
MicrostripPatchAntennas Through 3-D Printing” IEEE, NewPaltz,
NY, 2106, pp. 815-816
[3] Gh. Rafi and L. Shafai “Broadband microstrip patch antenna
with V-slot” IEEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag.,Vol. 151,No.
5, October 2004, pp: 435- 440
[4] Bhalla, R., and Shafai, L.: ‘Resonance behavior of single and
dual U-slot antennas’. Digest of IEEE Antennas and Propagation
Society Symp., 2001, Vol. 2, pp. 700–703
[5] Abbas Ali Lotfi Neyestanak, Farrokh Hojjat, etc. “W-shaped
enhanced-bandwidth patch antenna for wireless communication”,
Wireless Pers Commun (2007) 43, pp. 1257–1265
[6] Oluyemi P. Falade, student member, IEEE Yuegao, member
IEEE, Xiaodong Chen, Senior member, IEEE, and Clive Parini,
member IEEE Antennas and wireless propagation letter, Vol.
12,2013.
[7] Y. Sung “Bandwidth Enhancement of a Microstrip Line-Fed
Printed Wide-Slot Antenna with a Parasitic
Center Patch” IEEE transactions on antennas andpropagation, vol.
60, no. 4, April 2012, pp. 1712- 1716
[8] Mohini Narendra NaikandH. G. Virani “Design andSimulation
of Array of Rectangular Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna with
Improved Bandwidth for WLAN” in Internet of Things and
Applications (IOTA),Pune, India 22Jan - 24 Jan, 2016, pp. 40-45.
[9] Jia-Yi Sze, Member, IEEE,andKin-LuWong, Senior Member,
IEEE, “Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Bandwidth
Enhancement” IEEEtransactions onantennas andpropagation,vol.
48, no. 8, August 2000, pp. 1149- 1152
[10] SteffieTom,Joel Sequeira, etc. “Design ofCompact Microstrip
Patch AntennaforWireless Applications”, International Journal for
Innovative Researchin Science& TechnologyVol 3, Issue 12,May
2017, pp. 185- 190
[11] I.F. Chen andC.M.Peng, Printedbroadbandmonopole antenna
for WLAN/WiMAXapplications,IEEEAntennas Wireless Propag
Lett 8 (2009), pp. 472–474.
[12] Nibash Kumar Sahu and Ashish Kumar Sharma “The
Investigation on Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Slot
Antennas” in IEEE WiSPNET conference, 2016, pp. 953-956
[13] H. Wong, K. K. So andX. Gao, "Bandwidth Enhancement of
a Monopolar PatchAntenna with V-ShapedSlot for Car-to-Car
andWLAN Communications," in IEEETransactions on Vehicular
Technology, vol. 65, no. 3,pp.1130-1136, March2016.
[14] Mamun Ahmed1, Nasimul Hyder Maruf Bhuyan,etc. “design
andSimulation ofan ImprovedBandwidthV-SlottedPatch Antenna
for IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)”, American Journal of Engineering
Research (AJER), Volume-6, Issue-4, pp-230-234, 2017