Review of QNX

QNX Software Systems
Hasnat Ashiq
QNX Software Systems

A subsidiary of Research In Motion Limited 2 QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.
What We Do
QNX Neutrino
the most reliable realtime OS
QNX Momentics
the most productive IDE
Support &
Services
the most satisfied
customers
QNX Software Systems Ltd.
the company you can count on now
and in the future

! QNX has been in business for over 30 years!
! We sell to OEMs with long product life cycles (10+ years)
! We have a solid business model to ensure we will be there when
you need us
! Uncompromising Reliability
! Fault-tolerance, intelligent recovery, and high-availability for
mission-critical systems
! Predictable Realtime Performance
! Deterministic response times, both at the application level and
within all subsystems
! Unmatched Scalability
! Scale down to support memory-constrained devices or scale up
to fully distributed SMP-based systems. Include only those
modules/services your application needs
! Clean IP - Our Engineers wrote QNX Neutrino!
! We own or have clear license to distribute the runtime products
we provide
QNX Advantages

! Standards-based RTOS (POSIX)
! Compliance with POSIX1003.1, realtime extensions, threads, etc.
! Access to a large pool of developers and source code
! Portability from and to other OSs
! Choice of Graphics UI
! Qt
! HTML5 (Apps and Media)
! Open GLES
! Crank Storyboard
! Choice of Host and Target Platforms
! Develop from Windows, Linux or self hosted on QNX Neutrino itself
! Target ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, or x86 boards
! Standards-based Tools (Eclipse IDE Framework)
! Ability to plug in 3rd Party tools
! Participation of hundreds of vendors
! QNX is board member and leads the C/C++ tooling project
! Wide range of services to fit every need
! Scalable support plans make it affordable
QNX Advantages

A subsidiary of Research In Motion Limited
Standards
/
Cer,ﬁca,ons
ISO
9001:2008
•

IEC
61508
Safety
Integrity
Level
(SIL)
3

Common
Criteria
ISO/IEC
15408
EAL
4+

•

POSIX
PSE52

Real,me
Controller
1003.13-‐2003,
IEC
62304

Siemens
Healthcare
–
leading
supplier
of
diagnos,c
imaging
systems
+
QNX
customer
since
2002

Neutrino Runtime Portfolio
6 QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.
WebSphere Device Developer
WCE SMF / OSGIWME
Java
Critical Process
Monitor SSHRadius
Diagnostics/Security
Target Agent SSL IKE Database Device Update
Web Services
XML/SOAP High Availability
Middleware
802.11x 1394 CAN
BluetoothMOST
Connectivity
UART / I2C
SPI / MMC
Ethernet
NPU USBFrameworks
Policies
Power Managed
Drivers
Boot/Recovery
Time
Power Management/Startup
Multimedia
Framework Audio Drivers
Soft Decoders
MPEG1, 2 MP3, WM Audio metadata
Multimedia
Fault Tolerance Driver FrameworkDebugging Services
Core Runtime
Transparent Distributed Processing ISO C++ Runtime (Full, Embedded)C Library (ANSI, POSIX, C99, math)
Microkernel
Mini-Drivers
IPv4 Stack Network Drivers
IPv6/IPSec
Networking
Daemons/Utilities
Multi-Processing/SMP InstrumentationAdaptive Partitioning
Scheduler
SNMP Routing
2D Graphics Accelerated Drivers
Photon GUI
Graphics
Adobe Flash
Web Browser Fonts
FFSv3 NOR Block Drivers
EIDE, ATAPI, SCSI
ETFS Nand
Filesystems
Filesystem
FAT, LTFS, ext2
Compression CD, ISO9660, UDF

Core OS
Networking FileSystems
Neutrino
uKernel
High Availability
Manager
Adaptive
Partitioning Multicore Connectivity Utilities Database
Cortex A15 Freescale QorIQtm
Intel Coretm Intel AtomtmCortex A8Cortex A9
3rd Party UIs
EB GuideStoryboard
QNX 6.6 Software Stack
7
Confidential Information of
QNX Software Systems Limited
Cortex A15
Hardware support
Intel Coretm Intel AtomtmCortex A8Cortex A9
Qt 5.2
QNX
Momentics
Tool Suite
QNX Neutrino
RTOS
Screen
Composition
Manager
Device
Input
Font
Rendering
GPU
Acceleration Fonts
Display
Controller

POSIX Profiles – OS Compliance
—Configure,
GCC, perl, …
Configure,
GCC, perl, …
Best practices (development)
PSE 51/PSE 521003.1-1996*1003.1-2001Specification Base
——√
1003.1j-200x Advanced
Realtime
(Barriers, spin-locks, …)
——√1003.1d-1999 Additional Realtime
(Sporadic server scheduling, execution
timers, …)
—√√Realtime Threads (.1c)
√√√Realtime (.1b)
RTOS xLinuxQNX NeutrinoPOSIX Standard
* Newer versions of Linux kernel moving toward conformance with 2001 specification.

Microkernel Architecture
Message Bus
Microkernel
+
Process Manager
are the only trusted
components
Process
Manager
ARM,
MIPS, SH4,
PowerPC,
Xscale, x86
Applications and Drivers
§  Are processes which plug into a message bus
• Reside in their own memory-protected address
space
• Cannot corrupt other software components
• Can be started, stopped and upgraded on the fly
Microkernel
Application
io-block io-pkt io-graphics io-audio io-char
µK

TRUE Microkernel (QNX Neutrino)
•  MMU with full protection
•  Applications, drivers, and protocols
are protected
Process
Manager
µK
Filesystem
DriverApplication
Monolithic Kernel (XP, WinCE, Linux)
•  MMU with partial protection
•  Applications are protected
Application Application
Kernel Filesystem Network Driver
Application Application
Kernel Filesystem Network Driver
Real Time Executive (VxWorks)
•  No MMU and no protection
•  Applications, drivers, and protocols
are all in Kernel space
Benefits of a Microkernel Architecture
System wide corruption
Ð
ÐContained
(restartable)
System wide corruption
ÐContained
(restartable) ÐContained
(restartable)
Ð
Ð

Inter-Process Communication
io-audioio-block
Process
Manager
io-pkt io-graphics io-char
Application
Using Messages:
• Cleanly decouples processes
• POSIX calls built on messages
fd = open( “/dev/tcpip”, ,,, )
read, write, stat, devctl, …
close
Other POSIX calls as well
• realtime signals
• pipes and POSIX mqueues
• mutexs, condvars, semaphores
• barriers, sleepon
• reader/writer locks
Process communicate by sending messages
Application
Shared memory
large data sets and
hardware access
µK
/dev/tcpip /dev/ser1
Message Bus
Microkernel

Hard Realtime Performance
è  Multiple concurrent scheduling algorithms
§  FIFO, Round Robin, Sporadic
§  Used if multiple threads ready and same priority
Thread B
Thread C
Thread A
Priority 50
Priority 18
Priority 12
è  Prioritized pre-emptable
threads
§  256 priority levels
§  Fully pre-emptable and
deterministic kernel
è  Prioritized and nested
interrupts
§  Interrupt handlers can
schedule a user thread or run
custom interrupt code
Runnable
Running
Handler x
Handler y
IRQ x
IRQ y (higher)
Thread A
Thread B
Thread B
scheduled
by y

MaintenanceManagement
Defining Partitions
Management
Interface
QNX Neutrino
micro-kernel
Routing &
Forwarding
Maintenance
Given the processing scenarios, choose a partitioning approach and
appropriate partition budgets
5% 75% 20%
Routing &
Forwarding

High availability monitor for 24/7 operation
Microkernel
HA Manager
HA Manager
Guardian
Application A
Driver Application B Driver
1. Driver faults due to illegal access to memory outside protected space
2. Kernel notifies HA Manager of process fault
3. Debug information on faulting process is collected
4. Driver exits and returns all resources to system
5. HA Manager restarts new application
6. Driver IPC channels are reestablished by HA client library
7. Driver can requests information on last state checkpoint from HA Manager
Shared Memory State Information

Message
Bridge
QNET - Distributed Processing
io-audioio-block
Process
Manager
io-graphics io-char
Bridging the kernel allows messages to flow transparently from one
message bus to another over a variety of transports
(Ethernet, RapidIO, custom switching fabric, internet, …)
Applications and Servers
become network distributed
without any special code.
You gain unified access to all
remote hardware and
software resources
Multiple network links will redirect traffic on network failures
µK
internet
io-pkt
Application
Process
Manager
io-pkt
µK
Application
Message Bus
Microkernel
open (“/dev/tcpip”,…)open(“/net/m1/dev/tcpip”,
…)
m1
m2

App

Power/Thermal Management Features
! Tickless mode
! Optimize clock ticks when system is in idle state
! Tolerant Timers
! For non-real-time timer requirements (e.g. UI response timers)
! Can be assigned a tolerance value
! Lazy Interrupts
! For non-real-time interrupts (e.g. keyboard interrupt event)
! Can specify an acceptable latency
! Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) for ARM Cortex
SoCs

Security Enhancements
! EAL4+ certified
! OpenSSH, OpenSSL, libcrypto
! Limiting root processes via abilities (QNX
unique feature)
! Breaks “root” into 49 separate capabilities
that comprise root authority
! Individual capabilities can be assigned to
processes that need access
! Compromised processes only have a tiny
subset of privileged operations available
! Authorization Manager
! Allows creation of ACLs (Access Control
Lists) that cannot be persistently altered
! Heap and stack buffer overflow protection
! Address Space Layout Randomization
(ASLR)
! Heap cookies
! Stack guard pages

Networking Protocol Support

File Systems
QNX4
§ POSIX
QNX6
§ PowerFail Safe,
encrypted
DOS
§ Fat 12, 16, 32
RCFS
Linux
§ EXT2
CDROM
§ ISO9660, Rock Ridge,
Joliet, DVD-RAM
Others
§ DVD UDF, NT, Apple
Disk Network
CIFS
§ Microsoft
connectivity
NFS
§ Unix connectivity
Special
Package
§ Field updates
and rollbacks
Compression
§ Decompression on
the fly
§ 30 to 55% on executables
Embedded
Image
§ ROM/RAM/Flash
§ Execute-in-place
RAM
§ Temporary files
NAND
§ Paged flash
ETFS
§ Transaction
NOR
§ Linear flash
è Background erase and reclaim
with pre-emption
è Fault tolerant
è POSIX semantics
§ hierarchical directory structure, symbolic
links, permissions

QNX Screen
Screen composition manager
•  Completely integrated and optimized
•  Create a single unified interface from multiple
UI technologies
Support for latest mobile graphic
techniques
•  Multi touch Input control
•  Gestures
More efficient and streamlined API
•  New driver architecture based on the OpenWF
Display (WFD) API

Multi-touch and Gestures
! Driven by the Smartphone Age, it is our expectation to be able to use multi-touch
at almost every graphical display
! Multi-touch and gestures are being supported by an increasing set of (non
smartphone) devices
! Oscilloscopes, vending machines, GPS plotters, ATM payment systems, etc. etc.
! Composite and Discrete gestures supported
! Industrial controllers increasingly requiring multi-touch inputs
! Reduced input hardware
! Reduced space
Composite
Discrete

Swipe
Tap

Pinch
Double
tap

Rotate
Triple
tap

Two-‐ﬁnger
Pan

Long
press

Press
and
tap

Two-‐ﬁnger
tap

Device Connectivity
iPod
Interface
MTP
HTML5 Application Development
HTML5 SDK
Runtime
HTML5 App
Extensions
Authorization
Manager
LauncherInstaller
HTML5 Engine
WebKit
Web Platform
Integration
Monotype Font
Technology
Multimedia Management
mm-sync
Media
Detection
Metadata
Reader
Playlist
Management
Multimedia Playback
mm-renderer
mm-play
Audio
Codecs
Video Codec
Integration
Audio
Codecs
Video
Codecs
Legend QSS Licensed /
Sublicensed Code
3rd Party Licensed
Code
QNX SDK for Apps and Media

Screen example
Example with 4 UI technologies
! Background wallpaper: HTML5
! Video: From iPhone or iPod
! Navigation: OpenGL ES
! Control application: Qt5
! Transparently combine multiple off-
screen buffers onto the display
! Windows can be moved around, zoomed
in / out, rotated, or have transparency
effects applied without requiring the
application to redraw or even be aware
! Hardware and virtual layer support
! Full hardware acceleration
! Multi-modal input device support

HTML5 engine and browser
! Engine is highly optimized and tuned
version of WebKit
! GPU accelerated CSS transitions
! WebGL support (JavaScript access to
OpenGL ES 2.0)
! Fully integrated for QNX SDP 6.6 platforms
! Fully featured browser provided
! Browser UI implemented in HTML5 itself
! Full browser source allows complete
customization
•  “the BlackBerry 10 browser is more than
three times faster than its next-closest
competitor”
http://bgr.com/2014/02/06/blackberry-10-browser-test-iphone-android/

! Cross-platform C/C++ development
environment
! Supports all desktop and mobile platforms
! Create Powerful widget-based user
interfaces
! Qt Creator 3.0 allows rapid application design
! JavaScript allows UI designers to create
behavior without using C++
! New scene graph rendering engine
! GPU accelerated graphics
! Optimized to prevent unnecessary redraws
! Packaged with QNX CAR 2.1
Qt 5.2

Application management: Security
•  App installer
! Un-packages app and verifies content
! Installs app into separate sandbox
•  App launcher
! Manages app lifecycle, starting/switching/ending apps
! Define how apps interact with system (event control, background
execution, etc.)
•  Authorization manager
! Control app’s access of system resources
! Authorization scheme completely customizable by system architect

Multimedia Framework
! Audio / video playback
! Play, pause, stop, seek, status events,
volume, …
! Integrated audio codecs
! MP3, WMA9, AAC, AAC+, PCM/WAV, MPEG2,
MPEG2.5
! Integrated video codecs
! H.264, MPEG4, XVID, VC-1, WMV9, DIVX
! Media detection
! Apple iPhone/iPod (iAP, iPod video out)
! Android/Windows (MTP)
! USB mass media
! Metadata synchronization and
management
! Title, genre, artist, album, album art, etc
! Playlist support
! M3U, M3U ext, iTunes, PLS, ASX, RMP, B4S,
WPL, XSPF

Runtime for APK
VM
Integration
Dalvik VM
Automotive Platform Services
ASR
Integration
Navigation
Integration
Software
Update
Multimedia
Integration
Audio
Managemen
t
Rearview
Camera
Startup
Control
ASR
Engines
Navigation
Engines
Red Bend
Core
Services
Acoustics
Integration
Notification
s
Radio
HTML5 SDK Runtime
QNX CAR
APIs
WebWorks
Platform
Javascript Application Framework
Sencha
jQuery
Mobile
jQuery
Mobile Device Gateway
Bluetooth
Integration
DLNA
Integration
MirrorLink
Integration
Bluetooth DLNA MirrorLink
HTML5 Reference Applications
Navigator
Media
Player
Car Control Navigation Calendar Settings App Section
Contacts
Communi-
cation
Web
Browser
Status Keyboard
Developer
Examples
Qt Reference Applications
Settings Navigation Car Control Navigator Calendar Status App Section
Contacts
Communi-
cation
Web
Browser
Media
Player
Developer
Examples
Keyboard
Qt Runtime
Qt Integration
Layer
QT Engine
3rd Party Reference Applications
Best
Parking
Pandora Slacker
The Weather
Network
Parkopedia
Hear Planet
Soundtrack
er
7Digital
Eventseekr
Legend QSS Licensed /
Sublicensed Code
3rd Party Licensed
Code
QNX CAR Platform

Adaptive Scheduling
ConnectivityPower Management
Embedded File Systems
Graphics WEB Services
Multi-Media Networking
Critical Process Monitor
A Rich set of Components
Large File Systems

Tools: QNX Momentics
The Most Productive Tools

QNX Momentics Gives you Choice
Source Debugger
C, C++, Java
Code Developer
Target Information
Profiler
Memory Analysis
System Builder
System Analysis
Photon App Builder
Rational Clear Case
IBM WebSphere
…
…
…
Board Support
Packages (BSPs)
Command Line GCC
Tools
Device Driver Kits
Neutrino Runtime
ARM, MIPS, PPC,
SH4, XScale, x86
IDE Workbench (Eclipse)
Development Host OS: Windows or Linux
Choose your host
Windows or Linux
Choose your language
C, C++, Java
Choose your target
ARM, MIPS, PPC, SH4, XScale, x86
Choose your BSPs
BSPs for many popular boards and
reference platforms
Third Party Plugin
Tools
Momentics Plugin
ToolsExternal Tools
And Kits
Choose command line
or IDE
IDE and command line tools
interoperate
Choose 3rd party tools
Growing ecosystem of tools
vendors supporting Eclipse
Code Coverage

Momentics Plug-ins
! Memory Analysis
! Detect double free, non-
initialized use, overrun/underrun
and memory leaks
! Kill/Freeze/Debug/Ignore on
error
! System Analysis
! Software logic analyzer
! Analyze events from the
instrumented kernel
! System Builder
! Identify dependencies
! Shrink libraries
! Code Coverage
! Identify exercised source code
to evaluate test coverage
! Displays annotated source code
as well as summary reports
è  Code Developer
§  C, C++, Java
§  Power wizards to guide you
§  Syntax high-lighting, code
templates
è  Source Debugger
§  Concurrently debug multiple C,
C++, Java apps
è  Target System Information
§  Detailed information on all
processes and threads
è  Application Profiler
§  Statistical sampling
§  Call counting and call pair
tracking
§  Visual call graph
§  Shared-library aware

Code Developer
Use the
outline view
to jump to
any point in
your source
file.
Simply
double-
click to
build for
any target.
Hover over any function to view its arguments and
required headers. Hover over any variable to view its type.
Insert bookmarks
and to-do’s.
Set breakpoints
before you compile.
Identify compiler
errors and
warnings at a
glance.
Identify keywords, syntax, and
matching brackets at a glance.
Track all errors
and to-do’s from
a central task list.

Source Debugger
Jump
directly to
any point in
your source.
Hover over any variable to
view its contents.
Edit your source directly
from the debugger view.
Click here to
view
breakpoints,
variables,
watch points,
memory,
registers, etc.
Simply double-click to
set a breakpoint.
Track each thread
independently, or
trace control from
thread to thread.
Use the Debug
toolbar to start,
stop, or restart
processes, and to
define breakpoints.

Target System Information
Inspect the
environment
settings for
any process.Inspect each
processes
for heap and
CPU usage.
View blocking
relationships
at a glance.
Sort and examine
threads by
various
attributes.
Monitor
memory
usage per
process.
Display system information and memory usage

Application Profiler
Sort results by
total time,
percentage of
total time, call
count, etc.
Pinpoint which
source lines
consume the
most CPU.
Use call pairing to
identify your
programs
dynamic
execution
structure at a
glance. Then use
the information to
make it more
efficient.
Determine which threads
are busiest

Memory Analysis
View changes in memory usage over time.
Track
memory
allocations
as they
occur.
View the
number of
bytes free,
allocated,
and in
use, both
overall
and per
byte
range.
Detect buffer over-runs and jump directly into the debugger.

Code Coverage
View lines which
have been
executed
Generate
coverage
reports

System Profiler

System Profiler – CPU Activity

Summary
! We’re there every step of the way!
Product
Design
•  Modular Client/
Server
Architecture
•  Training
•  Design Reviews
•  Follow POSIX
Standards
Product
Development
•  Choice of Host and
Target
•  Faster Development
with intuitive IDE
•  Standard or Priority
Support Plan
•  Custom Engineering
•  Source Code
•  Board Support Pkgs
•  System Reviews
Product
Deployment
•  Fault Resistant
•  Field
Upgradeable
•  Clean IP
•  Long term
support for old
versions
•  Source Code

Contact QNX
! Mickey Higginbotham
! M: (408) 592-8456
! E: mickeyh@qnx.com
! Hasnat Ashiq
! M: (408) 910-4386
! E: hashiq@qnx.com
! North America
! T : +1-800-676-0566
! F : +1-613-591-3579
! International
! T: +1-613-591-0931
! F: +1-613-591-3579
! Online
! Info@qnx.com
! www.qnx.com

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