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This document discusses amyloid oligomers and functional amyloids. It first discusses Alzheimer's disease, which is a protein misfolding disease, and how its prevalence and incidence increases exponentially with age. It then discusses how bacteria like E. coli can produce functional amyloids similarly to eukaryotes. Specifically, it focuses on curli amyloid fibers produced by E. coli that are involved in biofilm formation and adhesion. It describes the process of purifying curli subunits using both non-denaturing and denaturing methods. Purified curli subunits can then be used to study mechanisms of aggregation and potential applications like programmable biofilm formation.
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Part 2 Nhl
Follicular lymphoma is the most common form of indolent NHL in the United States. It arises from germinal center B cells and is strongly associated with a translocation involving BCL2, which leads to overexpression of the BCL2 protein and promotes cell survival. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common form of aggressive NHL, often presenting as a rapidly enlarging mass. Burkitt lymphoma is very aggressive and occurs in three clinical variants associated with distinct epidemiological factors and EBV infection status. Multiple myeloma is characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow leading to lytic bone lesions and organ dysfunction.
Electrophoresis in multiple myeloma patients.
This document compares different electrophoretic methods for detecting monoclonal proteins in patients with multiple myeloma. Capillary electrophoresis is more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis at detecting monoclonal proteins, especially those migrating in the beta region, but is less specific. Immunofixation electrophoresis is less sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis at detecting monoclonal proteins, especially at low concentrations. Measuring the kappa to lambda free light chain ratio can help detect monoclonal proteins and improve the sensitivity of electrophoretic methods. Capillary electrophoresis may detect subtle peaks not seen on gel electrophoresis, but some minor abnormalities detected only by capillary electrophoresis could be false positives.
Heavy chain disease
Heavy chain diseases are rare lymphoplasmacytic malignancies characterized by the production of structurally altered monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains without associated light chains. There are three main subtypes: gamma, alpha, and mu. Gamma heavy chain disease has variable clinical presentations including hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and anemia. Treatment outcomes are inconsistent and the prognosis is variable. Alpha heavy chain disease is associated with Bence Jones proteinuria and a clinical course similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Mu heavy chain disease commonly involves the gastrointestinal tract and has a rapidly progressive clinical course, often being fatal.
Cytogenetics in Chronic myeloid leukaemia
detailed discussion on cytogenetics in CML - Pathophysiology, treatment, TKI Resistance, Mutation analysis timing, various mutations in CML, BCR-ABL1 Variants, Significance of mutations and management.
Leukemia-ppt
This document summarizes various neoplastic abnormalities of leukocytes, including leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and mycosis fungoides. It describes the characteristics, diagnostic markers, classification, and clinical presentation of different types of leukemia such as acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cytogenetic abnormalities, immunophenotyping, and molecular testing play an important role in the diagnosis and classification of leukemias. Chronic myeloid leukemia is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome and BCR-ABL fusion gene. Mycosis fungoides is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that typically presents in patches, plaques and tumors on the skin
Experiences With The Multiplate
The document summarizes experiences using the Multiplate device for platelet aggregation testing and compares it to traditional Born aggregometry. The Multiplate allows for quicker testing using whole blood rather than platelet-rich plasma. It has advantages of parallel testing and easier operation but cannot detect luminescence and custom agonists require more complex settings. The document discusses experiences testing patient on antiplatelet drugs and with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. It raises questions about cutoff platelet counts for the Multiplate whole blood tests and its ability to detect heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
SERUM FREE LIGHT CHAIN ASSAY
1. The document discusses clinical uses of serum free light chain assays including screening for diseases with monoclonal gammopathy, monitoring multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders, and providing prognostic information.
2. It presents several case studies demonstrating how serum free light chain levels can aid in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma, even when standard tests like serum and urine protein electrophoresis are negative or oligosecretory disease.
3. One case highlights "light chain escape" where the myeloma evolves to secrete higher levels of free light chains rather than intact immunoglobulins, which can be detected by rising serum free light chain levels.
Addressing Imatinib-resistant CML
1. Nilotinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL that is more effective than imatinib at inhibiting BCR-ABL driven leukemia cell growth.
2. A phase I study found high rates of hematologic and cytogenetic responses in CP-CML and advanced phases of CML resistant or intolerant to imatinib.
3. Nilotinib has a side effect profile similar to imatinib but was associated with higher rates of elevated liver enzymes at doses of 400mg or more twice daily.
Recommended
Part 2 Nhl
Follicular lymphoma is the most common form of indolent NHL in the United States. It arises from germinal center B cells and is strongly associated with a translocation involving BCL2, which leads to overexpression of the BCL2 protein and promotes cell survival. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common form of aggressive NHL, often presenting as a rapidly enlarging mass. Burkitt lymphoma is very aggressive and occurs in three clinical variants associated with distinct epidemiological factors and EBV infection status. Multiple myeloma is characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow leading to lytic bone lesions and organ dysfunction.
Electrophoresis in multiple myeloma patients.
This document compares different electrophoretic methods for detecting monoclonal proteins in patients with multiple myeloma. Capillary electrophoresis is more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis at detecting monoclonal proteins, especially those migrating in the beta region, but is less specific. Immunofixation electrophoresis is less sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis at detecting monoclonal proteins, especially at low concentrations. Measuring the kappa to lambda free light chain ratio can help detect monoclonal proteins and improve the sensitivity of electrophoretic methods. Capillary electrophoresis may detect subtle peaks not seen on gel electrophoresis, but some minor abnormalities detected only by capillary electrophoresis could be false positives.
Heavy chain disease
Heavy chain diseases are rare lymphoplasmacytic malignancies characterized by the production of structurally altered monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains without associated light chains. There are three main subtypes: gamma, alpha, and mu. Gamma heavy chain disease has variable clinical presentations including hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and anemia. Treatment outcomes are inconsistent and the prognosis is variable. Alpha heavy chain disease is associated with Bence Jones proteinuria and a clinical course similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Mu heavy chain disease commonly involves the gastrointestinal tract and has a rapidly progressive clinical course, often being fatal.
Cytogenetics in Chronic myeloid leukaemia
detailed discussion on cytogenetics in CML - Pathophysiology, treatment, TKI Resistance, Mutation analysis timing, various mutations in CML, BCR-ABL1 Variants, Significance of mutations and management.
Leukemia-ppt
This document summarizes various neoplastic abnormalities of leukocytes, including leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and mycosis fungoides. It describes the characteristics, diagnostic markers, classification, and clinical presentation of different types of leukemia such as acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cytogenetic abnormalities, immunophenotyping, and molecular testing play an important role in the diagnosis and classification of leukemias. Chronic myeloid leukemia is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome and BCR-ABL fusion gene. Mycosis fungoides is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that typically presents in patches, plaques and tumors on the skin
Experiences With The Multiplate
The document summarizes experiences using the Multiplate device for platelet aggregation testing and compares it to traditional Born aggregometry. The Multiplate allows for quicker testing using whole blood rather than platelet-rich plasma. It has advantages of parallel testing and easier operation but cannot detect luminescence and custom agonists require more complex settings. The document discusses experiences testing patient on antiplatelet drugs and with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. It raises questions about cutoff platelet counts for the Multiplate whole blood tests and its ability to detect heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
SERUM FREE LIGHT CHAIN ASSAY
1. The document discusses clinical uses of serum free light chain assays including screening for diseases with monoclonal gammopathy, monitoring multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders, and providing prognostic information.
2. It presents several case studies demonstrating how serum free light chain levels can aid in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma, even when standard tests like serum and urine protein electrophoresis are negative or oligosecretory disease.
3. One case highlights "light chain escape" where the myeloma evolves to secrete higher levels of free light chains rather than intact immunoglobulins, which can be detected by rising serum free light chain levels.
Addressing Imatinib-resistant CML
1. Nilotinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL that is more effective than imatinib at inhibiting BCR-ABL driven leukemia cell growth.
2. A phase I study found high rates of hematologic and cytogenetic responses in CP-CML and advanced phases of CML resistant or intolerant to imatinib.
3. Nilotinib has a side effect profile similar to imatinib but was associated with higher rates of elevated liver enzymes at doses of 400mg or more twice daily.
Dr. nahla farahat immunophenotyping of multiple myeloma
Plasma cell myeloma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by expansion of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Flow cytometry is useful for diagnosing and monitoring plasma cell disorders by confirming the clonal nature of plasma cells and differentiating disorders. Normal plasma cells are CD38bright, CD138+, CD19+ and CD45dim, while myeloma cells typically show aberrant expression including CD19, CD27 and CD45 underexpression and CD28, CD33, CD56 and CD117 overexpression. A minimum of 100 clonal plasma cell events should be acquired to accurately assess disease. The presence of more than 5% residual normal plasma cells can differentiate MGUS from myeloma.
G6 Pd Deficiency
G6PD deficiency is a common enzyme deficiency affecting approximately 400 million people worldwide. It is caused by mutations in the G6PD gene located on the X chromosome, making males more likely to be affected. G6PD deficiency results in hemolytic anemia when red blood cells are exposed to oxidative agents found in certain drugs or foods like fava beans. A complete blood count or screening test can diagnose G6PD deficiency by measuring enzyme activity levels in the blood. Current treatment involves avoiding triggers like fava beans and oxidative drugs that can cause hemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals.
IMWG updates on plasma cell dyscrasias
This document summarizes plasma cell dyscrasias and B-cell development. It discusses the normal development of B-cells from stem cells to plasma cells. It then describes various plasma cell disorders including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, immunoglobulin deposition diseases, and other immunoglobulin secreting neoplasms. It provides details on the morphology, immunophenotyping, classification and diagnostic criteria for these various plasma cell dysrasias.
01.13.09: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M2 Hematology / Oncology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan: openmi.ch/med-M2Hematology
G6pd
1. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans, affecting over 200 million people worldwide.
2. G6PD deficiency results from mutations in the G6PD gene and causes decreased production of NADPH, leading to hemolytic anemia in response to oxidative stress.
3. Diagnosis is made through tests that measure G6PD enzyme activity levels in red blood cells, with deficiency diagnosed if levels are significantly decreased. Management focuses on avoiding triggers that cause hemolysis and blood transfusions in acute cases.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
This document provides information on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), including its definition, history, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, disease course, treatment, and more. Some key points:
- CML is a stem cell disease characterized by increased white blood cells, anemia, splenomegaly, and the Philadelphia chromosome.
- It has three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis. Treatment depends on the phase and may include tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib, interferon, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.
- The disease is caused by the BCR-ABL fusion gene which results in uncontrolled tyrosine kinase activity and increased proliferation of
G6pd
Dr. S. Ismat Bukhari's document discusses G6PD deficiency, the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide. It affects over 200 million individuals, predominantly in areas like the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. G6PD deficiency is caused by mutations in the G6PD gene and results in inadequate protection of red blood cells from oxidative stress. This can lead to hemolysis, jaundice, and anemia, especially after exposure to oxidizing drugs or foods. The document outlines the inheritance, clinical manifestations, treatment, and screening of G6PD deficiency.
Cml
This document discusses hematopoiesis and leukemia, specifically chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It defines CML as a clonal expansion of stem cells with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, forming the Philadelphia chromosome. This causes a BCR-ABL fusion gene which produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase driving proliferation. CML accounts for 14% of leukemias and presents mainly in adults aged 40-60 with increased white blood cells. The document covers classification, signs and symptoms, progression from chronic to blast phase, and treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Disorders
This document discusses the approach to patients with monoclonal immunoglobulin disorders. It covers the classification of Ig abnormalities, the evaluation needed for diagnosis including medical history and laboratory tests, and methods to detect monoclonal proteins such as protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, quantitative immunoglobulins, and urine and bone marrow studies. It also discusses non-IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), its clinical management and risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with MGUS should be followed indefinitely due to the ongoing risk of progression.
Molecular Genetics in MPN
Mutations in genes like BCR-ABL, JAK2, MPL, and KIT can cause myeloid neoplasms by promoting proliferation or blocking differentiation. BCR-ABL, found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), encodes a fusion protein with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. The JAK2 V617F mutation is present in the majority of polycythemia vera and a significant portion of essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis cases. MPL mutations like MPLW515L can also drive essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. These genetic abnormalities activate signaling pathways that dysregulate myeloid cell growth and maturation.
5-2. C3 glomerulonephritis and Dense Deposit Disease. Francesco Emma (eng)
This document discusses C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) and Dense Deposit Disease (DDD). It provides background on the classification of these conditions and how they relate to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). It describes the histological features and proteomic profiles of C3GN and DDD, which are very similar. Both can be caused by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway due to genetic mutations or autoantibodies. There is no established treatment, though immunosuppressants may help in some cases and anti-C5 therapy shows promise for certain patients. The document provides detailed information on the physiology, genetics, and pathology of complement-mediated MP
Poster
1) The study investigated the prevalence of Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile males from South West Iran using standard methods.
2) They found a 1.2% prevalence of complete AZFc deletions and 6.25% prevalence of partial AZFc deletions, including 5% gr/gr deletions and 1.25% b2/b3 deletions.
3) Interestingly, 4% of the control group also showed gr/gr deletions, suggesting this deletion may not be involved in spermatogenic failure in the studied population. However, the 1.25% prevalence of b2/b3 deletions only in patients warrants further investigation in a larger group.
Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/ Deletion Polymor...
Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/ Deletion Polymor...Ibrahim khidir ibrahim osman
1) The study investigated the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in Sudanese patients.
2) Genotyping of the ACE gene was performed on 40 CLL patients and 40 age-matched controls. The results showed a significant association between the DD genotype and increased risk of CLL.
3) This is the first study to investigate the relationship between ACE polymorphism and CLL in Sudanese patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings and explore the association with other hematological malignancies in Sudan.Flow cytometry` dr nidhi
Flow cytometry allows for the analysis of physical and chemical properties of cells as they flow in a single file through an illuminated light path. It can be used to identify cell types based on relative size, granularity, and fluorescent marker expression. In this document, applications of flow cytometry are discussed, including immunophenotyping cells to identify antigen expression, cell sorting, DNA content analysis, and cell cycle analysis. Clinical uses in hematological malignancies, transplantation, and sepsis are also described. Key markers for identifying and classifying acute leukemias, including ALL, AML, and myelomonocytic leukemia are provided.
Thrombophilia - Animal Models
This document discusses several topics related to antithrombin and protein C deficiencies:
(1) It describes antithrombin deficiency, its causes, and available antithrombin concentrates. (2) It outlines protein C deficiency, including its genetic and clinical presentations. (3) It summarizes a case report of a newborn with severe protein C deficiency who was treated with protein C concentrate. (4) It reviews the development of a mouse model of total protein C deficiency that recapitulated the human condition.
Complement system
The complement system consists of 30 serum proteins that are produced as inactive zymogens and activated in a cascade manner. When activated, complement proteins become proteases that activate other complement components. There are three complement activation pathways: the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. Activation leads to formation of the membrane attack complex that forms pores on cell membranes, lysing cells. Complement proteins also have roles in opsonization, inflammation, and immune clearance. Bacteria have developed mechanisms to evade complement-mediated lysis like inhibiting membrane attack complex insertion or degrading anaphylatoxins. Deficiencies of specific complement components are associated with increased risk of certain infections or autoimmune diseases.
Cml ppt new 1
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells caused by a fusion of the BCR and ABL genes, which results in uncontrolled proliferation of mature and immature white blood cells. It progresses through three phases - chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis - and is characterized by excessive neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils in the blood and bone marrow. The standard diagnostic tests are detecting the Philadelphia chromosome or BCR-ABL fusion gene via cytogenetic analysis, FISH or PCR. Targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib has dramatically improved survival for most CML patients.
G6PD deficiency.ppt
UAEU - CMHS - Hematology-Oncology Course - MMH 302 - HONC 320. Education material for medical students - It cover basic principles of hematology and oncology, including CAR-T and gene editing. It can be used for study and review. It illustrates main principles of hematology and oncology.
C3 glomerulopathy
This document provides an overview of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathies. It discusses the pathology and classification of MPGN, complement dysregulation in MPGN, forms of C3 glomerulopathy including dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis, management approaches, and outcomes such as recurrence after kidney transplantation.
chronic myeloid leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disorder caused by the Philadelphia chromosome, which results from the translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22. This translocation produces the BCR-Abl fusion gene and leads to excessive proliferation of white blood cells. CML progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis phases and is typically treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib, although allogeneic stem cell transplantation can cure CML if performed during the chronic phase. Resistance can develop through mutations in the kinase domain, and newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors like nilotinib and dasatinib are used for resistant cases.
ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS IN ADULTS.pptx
This document discusses acute leukaemias in adults, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It covers the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, classification, prognostic factors, treatment for induction and post-remission, and supportive care for AML and ALL. The prognosis for ALL in adults remains poor despite high initial response rates to therapy. Improved supportive care and bone marrow transplantation are utilized while awaiting new, better therapies for these aggressive malignancies.
Molecular studies in cns tumors
This document summarizes molecular studies in central nervous system (CNS) tumors. It discusses the need for molecular studies to integrate histologic and molecular data in tumor classification. It then reviews molecular markers for various CNS tumors including gliomas, medulloblastoma, ependymal tumors, and meningioma. For each tumor type, key genetic alterations are identified that have diagnostic, predictive or prognostic significance such as IDH1/2 mutations, 1p/19q codeletion, MGMT methylation, and others.
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Dr. nahla farahat immunophenotyping of multiple myeloma
Plasma cell myeloma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by expansion of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Flow cytometry is useful for diagnosing and monitoring plasma cell disorders by confirming the clonal nature of plasma cells and differentiating disorders. Normal plasma cells are CD38bright, CD138+, CD19+ and CD45dim, while myeloma cells typically show aberrant expression including CD19, CD27 and CD45 underexpression and CD28, CD33, CD56 and CD117 overexpression. A minimum of 100 clonal plasma cell events should be acquired to accurately assess disease. The presence of more than 5% residual normal plasma cells can differentiate MGUS from myeloma.
G6 Pd Deficiency
G6PD deficiency is a common enzyme deficiency affecting approximately 400 million people worldwide. It is caused by mutations in the G6PD gene located on the X chromosome, making males more likely to be affected. G6PD deficiency results in hemolytic anemia when red blood cells are exposed to oxidative agents found in certain drugs or foods like fava beans. A complete blood count or screening test can diagnose G6PD deficiency by measuring enzyme activity levels in the blood. Current treatment involves avoiding triggers like fava beans and oxidative drugs that can cause hemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals.
IMWG updates on plasma cell dyscrasias
This document summarizes plasma cell dyscrasias and B-cell development. It discusses the normal development of B-cells from stem cells to plasma cells. It then describes various plasma cell disorders including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, immunoglobulin deposition diseases, and other immunoglobulin secreting neoplasms. It provides details on the morphology, immunophenotyping, classification and diagnostic criteria for these various plasma cell dysrasias.
01.13.09: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M2 Hematology / Oncology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan: openmi.ch/med-M2Hematology
G6pd
1. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans, affecting over 200 million people worldwide.
2. G6PD deficiency results from mutations in the G6PD gene and causes decreased production of NADPH, leading to hemolytic anemia in response to oxidative stress.
3. Diagnosis is made through tests that measure G6PD enzyme activity levels in red blood cells, with deficiency diagnosed if levels are significantly decreased. Management focuses on avoiding triggers that cause hemolysis and blood transfusions in acute cases.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
This document provides information on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), including its definition, history, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, disease course, treatment, and more. Some key points:
- CML is a stem cell disease characterized by increased white blood cells, anemia, splenomegaly, and the Philadelphia chromosome.
- It has three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis. Treatment depends on the phase and may include tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib, interferon, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.
- The disease is caused by the BCR-ABL fusion gene which results in uncontrolled tyrosine kinase activity and increased proliferation of
G6pd
Dr. S. Ismat Bukhari's document discusses G6PD deficiency, the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide. It affects over 200 million individuals, predominantly in areas like the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. G6PD deficiency is caused by mutations in the G6PD gene and results in inadequate protection of red blood cells from oxidative stress. This can lead to hemolysis, jaundice, and anemia, especially after exposure to oxidizing drugs or foods. The document outlines the inheritance, clinical manifestations, treatment, and screening of G6PD deficiency.
Cml
This document discusses hematopoiesis and leukemia, specifically chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It defines CML as a clonal expansion of stem cells with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, forming the Philadelphia chromosome. This causes a BCR-ABL fusion gene which produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase driving proliferation. CML accounts for 14% of leukemias and presents mainly in adults aged 40-60 with increased white blood cells. The document covers classification, signs and symptoms, progression from chronic to blast phase, and treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Disorders
This document discusses the approach to patients with monoclonal immunoglobulin disorders. It covers the classification of Ig abnormalities, the evaluation needed for diagnosis including medical history and laboratory tests, and methods to detect monoclonal proteins such as protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, quantitative immunoglobulins, and urine and bone marrow studies. It also discusses non-IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), its clinical management and risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with MGUS should be followed indefinitely due to the ongoing risk of progression.
Molecular Genetics in MPN
Mutations in genes like BCR-ABL, JAK2, MPL, and KIT can cause myeloid neoplasms by promoting proliferation or blocking differentiation. BCR-ABL, found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), encodes a fusion protein with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. The JAK2 V617F mutation is present in the majority of polycythemia vera and a significant portion of essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis cases. MPL mutations like MPLW515L can also drive essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. These genetic abnormalities activate signaling pathways that dysregulate myeloid cell growth and maturation.
5-2. C3 glomerulonephritis and Dense Deposit Disease. Francesco Emma (eng)
This document discusses C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) and Dense Deposit Disease (DDD). It provides background on the classification of these conditions and how they relate to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). It describes the histological features and proteomic profiles of C3GN and DDD, which are very similar. Both can be caused by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway due to genetic mutations or autoantibodies. There is no established treatment, though immunosuppressants may help in some cases and anti-C5 therapy shows promise for certain patients. The document provides detailed information on the physiology, genetics, and pathology of complement-mediated MP
Poster
1) The study investigated the prevalence of Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile males from South West Iran using standard methods.
2) They found a 1.2% prevalence of complete AZFc deletions and 6.25% prevalence of partial AZFc deletions, including 5% gr/gr deletions and 1.25% b2/b3 deletions.
3) Interestingly, 4% of the control group also showed gr/gr deletions, suggesting this deletion may not be involved in spermatogenic failure in the studied population. However, the 1.25% prevalence of b2/b3 deletions only in patients warrants further investigation in a larger group.
Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/ Deletion Polymor...
Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/ Deletion Polymor...Ibrahim khidir ibrahim osman
1) The study investigated the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in Sudanese patients.
2) Genotyping of the ACE gene was performed on 40 CLL patients and 40 age-matched controls. The results showed a significant association between the DD genotype and increased risk of CLL.
3) This is the first study to investigate the relationship between ACE polymorphism and CLL in Sudanese patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings and explore the association with other hematological malignancies in Sudan.Flow cytometry` dr nidhi
Flow cytometry allows for the analysis of physical and chemical properties of cells as they flow in a single file through an illuminated light path. It can be used to identify cell types based on relative size, granularity, and fluorescent marker expression. In this document, applications of flow cytometry are discussed, including immunophenotyping cells to identify antigen expression, cell sorting, DNA content analysis, and cell cycle analysis. Clinical uses in hematological malignancies, transplantation, and sepsis are also described. Key markers for identifying and classifying acute leukemias, including ALL, AML, and myelomonocytic leukemia are provided.
Thrombophilia - Animal Models
This document discusses several topics related to antithrombin and protein C deficiencies:
(1) It describes antithrombin deficiency, its causes, and available antithrombin concentrates. (2) It outlines protein C deficiency, including its genetic and clinical presentations. (3) It summarizes a case report of a newborn with severe protein C deficiency who was treated with protein C concentrate. (4) It reviews the development of a mouse model of total protein C deficiency that recapitulated the human condition.
Complement system
The complement system consists of 30 serum proteins that are produced as inactive zymogens and activated in a cascade manner. When activated, complement proteins become proteases that activate other complement components. There are three complement activation pathways: the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. Activation leads to formation of the membrane attack complex that forms pores on cell membranes, lysing cells. Complement proteins also have roles in opsonization, inflammation, and immune clearance. Bacteria have developed mechanisms to evade complement-mediated lysis like inhibiting membrane attack complex insertion or degrading anaphylatoxins. Deficiencies of specific complement components are associated with increased risk of certain infections or autoimmune diseases.
Cml ppt new 1
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells caused by a fusion of the BCR and ABL genes, which results in uncontrolled proliferation of mature and immature white blood cells. It progresses through three phases - chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis - and is characterized by excessive neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils in the blood and bone marrow. The standard diagnostic tests are detecting the Philadelphia chromosome or BCR-ABL fusion gene via cytogenetic analysis, FISH or PCR. Targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib has dramatically improved survival for most CML patients.
G6PD deficiency.ppt
UAEU - CMHS - Hematology-Oncology Course - MMH 302 - HONC 320. Education material for medical students - It cover basic principles of hematology and oncology, including CAR-T and gene editing. It can be used for study and review. It illustrates main principles of hematology and oncology.
C3 glomerulopathy
This document provides an overview of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathies. It discusses the pathology and classification of MPGN, complement dysregulation in MPGN, forms of C3 glomerulopathy including dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis, management approaches, and outcomes such as recurrence after kidney transplantation.
chronic myeloid leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disorder caused by the Philadelphia chromosome, which results from the translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22. This translocation produces the BCR-Abl fusion gene and leads to excessive proliferation of white blood cells. CML progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis phases and is typically treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib, although allogeneic stem cell transplantation can cure CML if performed during the chronic phase. Resistance can develop through mutations in the kinase domain, and newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors like nilotinib and dasatinib are used for resistant cases.
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Dr. nahla farahat immunophenotyping of multiple myeloma
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01.13.09: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)
01.13.09: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and other Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs)
5-2. C3 glomerulonephritis and Dense Deposit Disease. Francesco Emma (eng)
5-2. C3 glomerulonephritis and Dense Deposit Disease. Francesco Emma (eng)
Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/ Deletion Polymor...
Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/ Deletion Polymor...
Similar to review for advanced biochemistry course
ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS IN ADULTS.pptx
This document discusses acute leukaemias in adults, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It covers the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, classification, prognostic factors, treatment for induction and post-remission, and supportive care for AML and ALL. The prognosis for ALL in adults remains poor despite high initial response rates to therapy. Improved supportive care and bone marrow transplantation are utilized while awaiting new, better therapies for these aggressive malignancies.
Molecular studies in cns tumors
This document summarizes molecular studies in central nervous system (CNS) tumors. It discusses the need for molecular studies to integrate histologic and molecular data in tumor classification. It then reviews molecular markers for various CNS tumors including gliomas, medulloblastoma, ependymal tumors, and meningioma. For each tumor type, key genetic alterations are identified that have diagnostic, predictive or prognostic significance such as IDH1/2 mutations, 1p/19q codeletion, MGMT methylation, and others.
ROLE OF FLOW CYTOMETRY IN LEUKEMIAS
1) Flow cytometry is used to measure multiple physical and chemical properties of cells in a fluid stream at a rate of thousands of cells per second. It is used to diagnose and classify leukemias based on antigen expression.
2) In leukemias, abnormal antigen expression patterns can include gain of antigens not normally expressed, abnormally increased or decreased levels of expression, or asynchronous antigen expression.
3) Flow cytometry utilizes light scattering and fluorescence to identify cell size, granularity, lineage, and maturation stage based on antigen expression. This immunophenotyping is essential for diagnosing and distinguishing between different types of leukemias.
MULTIIPLE MYELOMA.pptx
Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells derived from a single clone. It commonly presents with bone pain, infection, anemia, and renal failure. Diagnosis requires clonal plasma cells ≥10% on bone marrow biopsy along with one or more myeloma defining events including hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, or bone lesions. Treatment involves induction therapy such as lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone prior to stem cell transplantation for eligible patients, followed by maintenance therapy to improve outcomes. Response is evaluated by monitoring the monoclonal protein and considering additional treatment for relapsed or refractory disease.
PHSC 620 Presentation Final
This document outlines a study examining the effects of different cell culture plate coatings on Alpha Mouse Liver 12 (AML12) cells. The coatings tested were collagen, matrigel, and non-coated plates. The study aimed to characterize cell morphology, growth rates, mRNA and protein expression, and sensitivity to acetaminophen toxicity when cultured on different coatings. Results found no significant differences in growth rates, morphology, or toxicity responses between plate coatings. mRNA expression analysis found only actin and albumin expression from cells on collagen plates, and all targets from matrigel plates but not at levels above non-coated plates. Overall, the coatings did not produce the expected enhanced characterization of the AML12
Multiple myeloma DR NIDHI RAI
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Key features include increased plasma cells in the bone marrow (>10%), presence of monoclonal protein (M-protein) in the serum or urine, lytic bone lesions, and organ dysfunction. Diagnosis requires identification of the M-protein by serum and urine protein electrophoresis with immunofixation. Bone marrow examination shows hypercellularity with plasmacytosis and may reveal plasma cell morphology and inclusions. Laboratory findings include anemia, renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia and lytic lesions on skeletal survey.
Julián Cerón (IDIBELL)
Julián Cerón (IDIBELL)Consorci Universitat Internacional Menéndez Pelayo Barcelona (CUIMPB) - Centre Ernest Lluch
This document summarizes the use of the nematode C. elegans as a model organism for studying human diseases. It discusses how CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to introduce disease-related mutations into C. elegans to model retinitis pigmentaria, cancer, and responses to chemotherapy. Drug screens and RNAi screens in these mutant worms have identified genetic modifiers and potential drug targets for treating human diseases. The small size, rapid life cycle, and genetic tractability of C. elegans make it a valuable pre-clinical model for validating targets and precision medicines before testing in mammalian systems.Chakraborty APPI Mumbai 140615
This document discusses monoclonal protein interferences in clinical chemistry assays. It presents a case study of a 58-year-old male with fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath who was found to have extreme hyperphosphatemia. Further testing revealed an IgG-kappa monoclonal protein that was interfering with the phosphate assay, causing a pseudohyperphosphatemia. The document outlines various ways that monoclonal proteins can interfere with clinical chemistry assays, producing spurious results for analytes like bilirubin, HDL cholesterol, CRP, sodium, and total protein. It emphasizes the importance of laboratories identifying and investigating such interferences to avoid unnecessary testing or treatment of patients.
Congenital myasthenic syndromes_24th jan'20.pptx
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of inherited disorders that impair neuromuscular transmission at the motor endplate. CMS can be caused by mutations affecting proteins involved in the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction. Common CMS include deficiencies of acetylcholinesterase, acetylcholine receptor, and rapsyn. Presentation varies from neonatal weakness and arthrogryposis to later onset limb girdle or ocular weakness. Diagnosis involves electrodiagnostic testing and genetic confirmation. Treatment focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but individual CMS may respond differently to specific medications.
Waldenstrӧm macroglobulinemia
Two cases of Waldenstrӧm macroglobulinemia along with brief disease pathology. Waldenstrӧm macroglobulinemia is a rare B cell lymphoma involving bone marrow with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of any concentration
Multiple myeloma dr bikal
Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulins. It commonly presents with anemia, bone pain, elevated creatinine, and fatigue. Diagnosis requires clonal bone marrow plasma cells ≥10% plus biomarkers of end organ damage like hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, or bone lesions. Treatment involves managing complications, chemotherapy like bortezomib/lenalidomide with dexamethasone, and sometimes stem cell transplant. Prognosis depends on staging systems like ISS which incorporate serum albumin and beta-2 microglobulin levels.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the lymphoid line of blood cells characterized by increased numbers of immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow. It is the most common cancer in children. Treatment involves chemotherapy given systemically and intrathecally in phases including induction, consolidation and maintenance to achieve and maintain remission. Prognosis depends on risk factors like age, white blood cell count, genetics. Late effects of intensive chemotherapy include secondary cancers, organ dysfunction. Relapse indicates poor prognosis requiring aggressive salvage therapies like stem cell transplant.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Disease of older males.
The Philadelphia chromosome - BCR-ABL gene and it’s Tyrosine kinase protein – central to the pathogenesis.
Occurs in 3 phases
Imatinib has revolutionized the management
Plasma cell disorders ppt
The document summarizes key topics related to plasma cell dyscrasias and multiple myeloma, including definitions, investigations, classifications, and treatment approaches. It describes the typical features of plasma cells, abnormalities like Russell bodies and Mott cells. It outlines criteria for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma. It discusses workup, staging, cytogenetics, and management options for multiple myeloma including stem cell transplantation and novel agents.
Thrombotic Microangiopathies and AntiPhospholipid Syndrome
This document discusses various thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) including their causes, pathophysiology, clinical findings, and treatments. It covers hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and antiphospholipid syndrome. The key pathological finding in all TMAs is endothelial injury and thrombus formation in small blood vessels. Recent research suggests dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway may be a unifying factor. Emerging treatments targeting complement, such as eculizumab, show promise in halting disease progression.
leukemia (1).pptx
This document provides information on the diagnosis and management of various types of leukemia. It discusses the main types of leukemia - acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). For AML and ALL, it describes the diagnostic criteria, risk factors, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, treatment approaches including induction and consolidation chemotherapy. It also discusses newer targeted therapies like CAR T-cells and CRISPR for leukemia treatment. For CML, it explains the defining Philadelphia chromosome and BCR-ABL fusion gene which causes the disease.
Minimal Residual Disease in leukaemia andhematological malignancies
1) Minimal residual disease (MRD) refers to small amounts of leukemia cells that remain after treatment but are undetectable by conventional methods. Detecting MRD is important for prognosis, treatment stratification, and detecting relapse early.
2) Techniques for measuring MRD include morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, PCR, and next-generation sequencing. PCR methods like quantitative real-time PCR provide a sensitive and quantitative way to detect gene fusions and rearrangements specific to the leukemia.
3) Real-time PCR allows accurate quantification of residual disease by measuring fluorescent signals during amplification. Methods using probes that bind to amplified DNA allow detection of specific fusion genes associated with different leukemias.
Hematology slide/ Pediatric leukemia
This document outlines a hematology slide presentation on a case of pediatric leukemia. Key details include a 13-year-old boy with low hemoglobin, low platelets, and 50% atypical cells on blood smear. The presentation examines blood and bone marrow smears under different magnifications and discusses the provisional diagnosis of acute leukemia. It then provides an outline on the discussion of pediatric leukemia covering etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory studies including morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics, and differential diagnosis.
POAG
This document provides an overview of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). It discusses the pathophysiology of raised intraocular pressure in POAG, including obstruction of aqueous outflow due to thickening of the trabecular meshwork. Genetic factors like mutations in the MYOC gene can also contribute to POAG. The document describes the mechanisms of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and clinical manifestations of POAG, which typically include asymptomatic vision loss and visual field defects. Evaluation involves assessing risk factors, family history, and performing tests like visual field testing and slit lamp examination.
Platinum salts presentation
The document discusses platinum compounds, specifically cisplatin and its mechanism of action. Cisplatin coordinates to DNA and forms adducts, inhibiting replication and transcription and inducing apoptosis. It is renally excreted and can cause nephrotoxicity. Carboplatin and oxaliplatin are two derivatives that are less nephrotoxic but more myelosuppressive. Both exert their effects by forming DNA adducts but have different leaving groups, affecting their reactivity.
Similar to review for advanced biochemistry course (20)
Thrombotic Microangiopathies and AntiPhospholipid Syndrome
Thrombotic Microangiopathies and AntiPhospholipid Syndrome
Minimal Residual Disease in leukaemia andhematological malignancies
Minimal Residual Disease in leukaemia andhematological malignancies
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
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GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
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review for advanced biochemistry course
- 1. AMYLOID OLIGOMERS AND FUNCTIONAL AMYLOIDS LE THI KHANH NGHIA Student ID: 2017310896 1
- 2. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (AD) PROTEIN-MISFOLDING DISEASES FUNCTIONAL AMYLOIDS FROM BACTERIA TO HUMAN THE FIRST STEPS FOR REPRESENTATIVE AMYLOID SIMULATION 2
- 3. • Prevalence and incidence ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (AD) - By 2005: + 24.6 million people had dementia + 4.6 million new cases arising annually + ~70% of these cases were attributed to AD - China and Western Pacific exhibited the highest prevalence of dementia. Follwed by Western Europe and North America. - The incidence rate for dementia increased exponentially with age, with the most notable rise occurring through the seventh and eighth => The prevalence and incidence rates for AD also increase exponentially with age. 3
- 4. - Mechanism causing AD ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (AD) 4
- 5. PROTEIN-MISFOLDING DISEASES Mechanism ??? A representative simulation of amyloid for studying aggregation mechanism 5
- 6. FUNCTIONAL AMYLOIDS FROM BACTERIA TO HUMAN • E. coli is the most understandable bacteria • Produce protein in the short-term • Biochemical and structural properties as eukaryotic amyloid fibers 6
- 7. THE FIRST STEPS FOR REPRESENTATIVE AMYLOID SIMULATION CURLI • The major proteinaceous component of complex extracellular matrix produced by Enterobacteriaceae, involved in adhesion to surfaces, cell aggregation, and biofilm formation. • A part of a growing number functional amyloid with biochemical and structural properties as eukaryotic amyloid fibers. (nonbraching and β-sheet rich fibers) 7
- 8. Congo Red (CR) Assays to Assess Curli production * CR assay on YESCA CR Agar * Post-staining CR assay • Wild-type curli-producing stain red. • Curli defective mutants are usually pink or white. • E. coli mutants with hyper curli production sometimes stain dark red. 8
- 9. 9 Curli biogenesis Operon Composition Function of gene CsgA 30% of sequence identify Major structural subunit CsgB Nucleator protein CsgD Center of the curli regulatory network CsgG Required for stability and secretion of CsgA, CsgB CsgE, CsgF Interact with CsgG, required for efficient curli assembly - Genes impotant for curli formation in E. Coli.
- 10. Purification of Curli subunits Method Non-denaturing Denaturing • Advantage o Avoid denaturation of target protein o Less time-consuming o Cell can be stored in a long term • Disadvantage o Time-consuming o Supertanant cannot be stored > 1 day o Low yield • Stimulation 10
- 11. Purification of Curli subunits * Non-denaturing Purification of CsgA or truncated CsgB • Expression strain: LSR12/pMC1/pMC3 • This strain resistant to Ampicilin (Amp) and Chloramphenicol (Cm) • CsgA (truncated CsgB) can be collected by Affinity Chromatography LSR12 CsgDEFG csgBA deletion mutation in E. coli C600 pMC1 cloning csgG into the NcoI and BamHI sites of pTrc99A plasmid pMC3 cloning full-length C-terminal His6- tagged CsgA into the NdeI and EcoRI sites of pHL3 plasmid. • Protein experession is induced with IPTG 11
- 12. Purification of Curli subunits * Denaturing Purification of CsgA or CsgB (bacterial lysate) • Expression strain: NEB C2566/pNH11 (CsgA) NEB C2566/pAN1 (CsgB) • This strain resistant to Ampicilin (Amp) and Chloramphenicol (Cm) • Use GdnHCl to lyse the cell • Collect protein by Affinity Chromatography NEB C2566: T7 expression strain of E. coli pAN1 plasmid made by cloning C- terminal His6-tagged CsgB without Sec signal sequence into pET11d vector pNH11 plasmid made by cloning C-terminal His6-tagged CsgA without Sec signal sequence into pET11d vector 12
- 13. Benefits of Curli subunits Purified Subunits Mechanism of aggregation Biofilm formation Function for adhesion (surface interaction) Polymerization, programmable biofilm etc 13
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- 16. REFERENCES • Dobson, Christopher M. "The Amyloid Phenomenon and Its Links with Human Disease." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (2017): a023648. • Fowler, Douglas M., et al. "Functional amyloid–from bacteria to humans." Trends in biochemical sciences 32.5 (2007): 217-224. • Zhou, Yizhou, et al. "Experimental manipulation of the microbial functional amyloid called curli." Bacterial Cell Surfaces: Methods and Protocols (2013): 53-75. • Reitz, Christiane, Carol Brayne, and Richard Mayeux. "Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease." Nature Reviews Neurology 7.3 (2011): 137-152. • Barnhart, Michelle M., and Matthew R. Chapman. "Curli biogenesis and function." Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 60 (2006): 131-147. 16