Electrophoresis in multiple myeloma patients.
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•991 views
This document compares different electrophoretic methods for detecting monoclonal proteins in patients with multiple myeloma. Capillary electrophoresis is more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis at detecting monoclonal proteins, especially those migrating in the beta region, but is less specific. Immunofixation electrophoresis is less sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis at detecting monoclonal proteins, especially at low concentrations. Measuring the kappa to lambda free light chain ratio can help detect monoclonal proteins and improve the sensitivity of electrophoretic methods. Capillary electrophoresis may detect subtle peaks not seen on gel electrophoresis, but some minor abnormalities detected only by capillary electrophoresis could be false positives.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
SERUM FREE LIGHT CHAIN ASSAY
1. The document discusses clinical uses of serum free light chain assays including screening for diseases with monoclonal gammopathy, monitoring multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders, and providing prognostic information.
2. It presents several case studies demonstrating how serum free light chain levels can aid in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma, even when standard tests like serum and urine protein electrophoresis are negative or oligosecretory disease.
3. One case highlights "light chain escape" where the myeloma evolves to secrete higher levels of free light chains rather than intact immunoglobulins, which can be detected by rising serum free light chain levels.
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Disorders
This document discusses the approach to patients with monoclonal immunoglobulin disorders. It covers the classification of Ig abnormalities, the evaluation needed for diagnosis including medical history and laboratory tests, and methods to detect monoclonal proteins such as protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, quantitative immunoglobulins, and urine and bone marrow studies. It also discusses non-IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), its clinical management and risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with MGUS should be followed indefinitely due to the ongoing risk of progression.
Plasma cell disorders ppt
The document summarizes key topics related to plasma cell dyscrasias and multiple myeloma, including definitions, investigations, classifications, and treatment approaches. It describes the typical features of plasma cells, abnormalities like Russell bodies and Mott cells. It outlines criteria for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma. It discusses workup, staging, cytogenetics, and management options for multiple myeloma including stem cell transplantation and novel agents.
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulins. It can present with bone pain, renal insufficiency, anemia, and hypercalcemia. Diagnosis requires the presence of a monoclonal protein in serum or urine along with >10% clonal plasma cells in bone marrow and associated organ or tissue impairment. Workup involves complete blood count, serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation, urine protein electrophoresis, and bone marrow biopsy. Cytogenetic abnormalities like deletion 17p confer a poor prognosis.
IMWG updates on plasma cell dyscrasias
This document summarizes plasma cell dyscrasias and B-cell development. It discusses the normal development of B-cells from stem cells to plasma cells. It then describes various plasma cell disorders including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, immunoglobulin deposition diseases, and other immunoglobulin secreting neoplasms. It provides details on the morphology, immunophenotyping, classification and diagnostic criteria for these various plasma cell dysrasias.
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Smoldering Multiple My...
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Smoldering Multiple My...MedicineAndHealthUSA
1. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) are premalignant conditions where patients have a higher risk of progression to multiple myeloma or related diseases.
2. Studies show the prevalence of MGUS increases with age, affects more African Americans, and higher M-protein levels are associated with increased risk of progression.
3. SMM is defined by an M-protein ≥3g/dL and bone marrow plasma cells ≥10%, and carries higher risks and faster times to progression than MGUS. Treatment is typically not recommended until end organ damage occurs.Plasma cell disorders
This document summarizes several plasma cell disorders including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, POEMS syndrome, heavy chain diseases, and amyloidosis. Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells that commonly presents with bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and infections. Diagnosis involves detection of monoclonal proteins by serum protein electrophoresis and treatment involves chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and newer agents. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is characterized by lymphadenopathy, hyperviscosity, and peripheral neuropathy and is associated with IgM paraproteinemia. Heavy chain diseases involve truncated immunoglobulin heavy chains without light chains. POEMS syndrome is associated with polyneuropathy
PLASMA CELL DISORERS
Plasma cell disorders are characterized by the disproportionate proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells resulting in monoclonal immunoglobulins. The most common types are monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma, and solitary plasmacytoma. Diagnosis involves detecting the monoclonal protein by serum and urine protein electrophoresis and bone marrow biopsy. Risk stratification uses tools like ISS staging and FISH. Treatment depends on disease stage and eligibility for stem cell transplant, and may include chemotherapy, corticosteroids, immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and autologous stem cell transplant.
Recommended
SERUM FREE LIGHT CHAIN ASSAY
1. The document discusses clinical uses of serum free light chain assays including screening for diseases with monoclonal gammopathy, monitoring multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders, and providing prognostic information.
2. It presents several case studies demonstrating how serum free light chain levels can aid in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma, even when standard tests like serum and urine protein electrophoresis are negative or oligosecretory disease.
3. One case highlights "light chain escape" where the myeloma evolves to secrete higher levels of free light chains rather than intact immunoglobulins, which can be detected by rising serum free light chain levels.
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Disorders
This document discusses the approach to patients with monoclonal immunoglobulin disorders. It covers the classification of Ig abnormalities, the evaluation needed for diagnosis including medical history and laboratory tests, and methods to detect monoclonal proteins such as protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, quantitative immunoglobulins, and urine and bone marrow studies. It also discusses non-IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), its clinical management and risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with MGUS should be followed indefinitely due to the ongoing risk of progression.
Plasma cell disorders ppt
The document summarizes key topics related to plasma cell dyscrasias and multiple myeloma, including definitions, investigations, classifications, and treatment approaches. It describes the typical features of plasma cells, abnormalities like Russell bodies and Mott cells. It outlines criteria for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma. It discusses workup, staging, cytogenetics, and management options for multiple myeloma including stem cell transplantation and novel agents.
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulins. It can present with bone pain, renal insufficiency, anemia, and hypercalcemia. Diagnosis requires the presence of a monoclonal protein in serum or urine along with >10% clonal plasma cells in bone marrow and associated organ or tissue impairment. Workup involves complete blood count, serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation, urine protein electrophoresis, and bone marrow biopsy. Cytogenetic abnormalities like deletion 17p confer a poor prognosis.
IMWG updates on plasma cell dyscrasias
This document summarizes plasma cell dyscrasias and B-cell development. It discusses the normal development of B-cells from stem cells to plasma cells. It then describes various plasma cell disorders including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, immunoglobulin deposition diseases, and other immunoglobulin secreting neoplasms. It provides details on the morphology, immunophenotyping, classification and diagnostic criteria for these various plasma cell dysrasias.
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Smoldering Multiple My...
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Smoldering Multiple My...MedicineAndHealthUSA
1. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) are premalignant conditions where patients have a higher risk of progression to multiple myeloma or related diseases.
2. Studies show the prevalence of MGUS increases with age, affects more African Americans, and higher M-protein levels are associated with increased risk of progression.
3. SMM is defined by an M-protein ≥3g/dL and bone marrow plasma cells ≥10%, and carries higher risks and faster times to progression than MGUS. Treatment is typically not recommended until end organ damage occurs.Plasma cell disorders
This document summarizes several plasma cell disorders including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, POEMS syndrome, heavy chain diseases, and amyloidosis. Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells that commonly presents with bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and infections. Diagnosis involves detection of monoclonal proteins by serum protein electrophoresis and treatment involves chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and newer agents. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is characterized by lymphadenopathy, hyperviscosity, and peripheral neuropathy and is associated with IgM paraproteinemia. Heavy chain diseases involve truncated immunoglobulin heavy chains without light chains. POEMS syndrome is associated with polyneuropathy
PLASMA CELL DISORERS
Plasma cell disorders are characterized by the disproportionate proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells resulting in monoclonal immunoglobulins. The most common types are monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma, and solitary plasmacytoma. Diagnosis involves detecting the monoclonal protein by serum and urine protein electrophoresis and bone marrow biopsy. Risk stratification uses tools like ISS staging and FISH. Treatment depends on disease stage and eligibility for stem cell transplant, and may include chemotherapy, corticosteroids, immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and autologous stem cell transplant.
Plasma Cell Disorders
Plasma cell disorders are a group of lymphoid neoplasms involving the expansion of a single plasma cell clone secreting monoclonal immunoglobulins. Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, resulting in anemia, bone lesions, hypercalcemia and renal failure. Treatment involves alkylating agents, glucocorticoids, immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors. New targeted therapies and personalized treatment approaches based on disease risk factors are improving outcomes.
Plasma cell disorders
plasma cell disorders, multiple myeloma, waldenstorms macroglobulinemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma,
Immunoproliferative disorders
The document discusses several immunoproliferative disorders characterized by abnormal plasma cell proliferation, including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, and heavy chain disease. Multiple myeloma is the most common and clinically significant plasma cell neoplasm, typically presenting with excessive production of a single immunoglobulin and associated with lytic bone lesions, anemia, and kidney failure. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia involves malignant expansion of IgM-secreting B cells and can cause hyperviscosity syndrome. Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance describes asymptomatic cases with low paraprotein levels. Heavy chain disease involves production of only immunoglobulin heavy
Proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma
This document summarizes the development of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, including its mechanism of action, clinical trials, safety profile, and peripheral neuropathy issues. Key findings include:
- Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of the proteasome's chymotrypsin-like activity and was found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
- Phase I and II clinical trials demonstrated efficacy in hematological malignancies like multiple myeloma with a tolerable safety profile.
- Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect that can often improve after stopping treatment.
- Further research aimed to improve response rates, overcome resistance, expand use to solid tumors, and address neuropathy issues.
Biclonal gammopathy extramedullary disease case presentation
This document presents a case report of a 50-year-old female patient diagnosed with biclonal multiple myeloma with extramedullary involvement of lymph nodes. Key findings included anemia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hypercellular bone marrow with plasma cell infiltration, and presence of two monoclonal bands (IgG kappa and IgG lambda) on serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. Biclonal gammopathies are rare and can originate from either one or two distinct plasma cell clones. Recognition of biclonality helps with treatment response monitoring as both clones must respond. Extramedullary disease carries a poor prognosis.
Plasmacelldisordersppt 111216180735-phpapp02
Plasma Cell Disorders
Presented by- Dr. Mohammad Rehan
DNB Medicine
SDMH Jaipur
Moderator- Dr. Madhulika Sharma
HOD (General Medicine)
Multiple Myloma Diagnostic Criteria
Multiple myeloma is diagnosed based on major criteria including a bone marrow plasmacytosis of at least 30% or an M protein level of over 3.5 g/L, or one major criterion and one minor criterion, which include a plasmacytosis between 10-30% or lytic bone lesions. The two key indicators for prognosis in multiple myeloma are tumor burden and proliferation rate, which can be predicted by levels of C-reactive protein and beta-2 microglobulin, with survival rates of 54 months if both are under 6 mg/L, 27 months if one is under 6 mg/L, and 6 months if both are over 6 mg/L.
Immunoproliferative disorders[1]
Immunoproliferative disorders are conditions characterized by the abnormal proliferation of immune cells. There are three main classes: lymphoproliferative disorders involving excessive lymphocytes, hypergammaglobulinemia with high gamma globulin levels, and paraproteinemia with monoclonal proteins. Common symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss and fatigue. Lymphoproliferative disorders occur in immunocompromised individuals and can be caused by genetic mutations or acquired/iatrogenic factors. Hypergammaglobulinemia and paraproteinemia involve excessive antibodies and can indicate underlying disorders. Diagnosis involves scans and blood tests, while treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation and surgery.
MULTIPLE MYELOMA REVIEW ARTICLE
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow. While initial therapies are often effective, the disease typically relapses and becomes resistant to treatment. The document discusses how the novel therapy of combining bortemozib and dexamethasone has been shown in clinical studies to provide superior responses for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma compared to other treatments. Combination therapies in general have demonstrated higher response rates and survival rates for treating relapsed multiple myeloma.
Clinical characteristics of a group of patients with multiple myeloma who had...
This document summarizes key information about multiple myeloma (MM), including its characteristics, diagnosis, and treatments. MM is a type of cancer caused by uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation, resulting in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by low blood counts, bone problems, infections, kidney failure, and monoclonal gammopathy. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, laboratory tests (including blood counts, protein electrophoresis), bone marrow biopsy, and imaging. Treatments discussed include chemotherapy regimens containing bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone, and stem cell transplantation. The objective of the study was to analyze clinical characteristics of MM patients with two different lambda light chains.
Multiple Myeloma (Case presentation)
This case presentation describes a 55-year-old male referred for management of severe anemia. He has a history of recurrent kidney stones, hypertension, diabetes, and back pain. Laboratory tests reveal severe anemia with rouleaux formation. Further workup shows evidence of a gammopathy. A bone marrow biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of multiple myeloma, which can cause anemia and kidney damage through paraprotein production and bone lesions. Treatment involves supportive care, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation in eligible patients.
Phenotypic identification of subclones in multiple myeloma with different gen...
Bruno Paiva, PhD
Scientific Co-Director of CIMA LAB Diagnostics and Director of the Unit of Cytometry, University of Navarra, Spain
Part 2 Nhl
Follicular lymphoma is the most common form of indolent NHL in the United States. It arises from germinal center B cells and is strongly associated with a translocation involving BCL2, which leads to overexpression of the BCL2 protein and promotes cell survival. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common form of aggressive NHL, often presenting as a rapidly enlarging mass. Burkitt lymphoma is very aggressive and occurs in three clinical variants associated with distinct epidemiological factors and EBV infection status. Multiple myeloma is characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow leading to lytic bone lesions and organ dysfunction.
Genetics of Mitochondrial disorders
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins that are essential components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Defects in mtDNA or nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial functions can cause a wide range of mitochondrial diseases. MtDNA is maternally inherited and mutations can be transmitted from mother to offspring. Common mitochondrial diseases include Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS), MELAS, MERRF, and Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). These diseases have varying clinical features depending on the mutation and often affect the brain, muscles, and eyes.
Therapeutic approaches to Protein Misfolding Diseases
This slide covers three main therapeutic approaches
1.Intrabody technology
2.Chaperone therapy
3.RNA silencing
including GAIM technology
Epigallocatechin Gallate And Melanoma Chemoprevention
When human melanoma M14 cell lines are treated with EGCG, phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 is significantly inhibited compared to untreated cells. A kinase immunoprecipitation assay will be performed to analyze interactions between ERK 1/2 and associated proteins in cells treated with varying concentrations of EGCG. This experiment aims to demonstrate that EGCG can directly inhibit ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in melanoma cells in vitro. However, further study is needed to determine if these molecular effects occur in vivo as well. Supporting evidence from three papers shows that EGCG inhibits ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in mouse skin after UV exposure and in human cancer cell lines, suggesting it may inhibit melanoma proliferation and metastasis.
Unmet need in multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that remains largely incurable. While initial treatments can achieve remission, patients will typically relapse with fewer treatment options available. Current therapies for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma have limited efficacy and serious side effects. There remains an unmet need for additional effective and tolerable treatments. Carfilzomib is a novel proteasome inhibitor that has shown clinical activity with durable responses and an acceptable safety profile in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have limited treatment options.
Cadth 2015 c5 1. cashman rare diseases
The document discusses neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, and prion diseases. It describes how antibodies can selectively target misfolded proteins causing disease while sparing native protein structures, providing efficacy through neutralizing toxicity and blocking propagation while maintaining safety by preserving normal function. The document also provides an overview of an assay to quantify aggregated amyloid beta and lists several propagated protein misfolding diseases.
Antithymocyte globulin associated Hypersensitivity reaction
Literature review on Antithymocyte globulin associated hypersensitivity reaction -Adverse Drug Reaction
Addressing Imatinib-resistant CML
1. Nilotinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL that is more effective than imatinib at inhibiting BCR-ABL driven leukemia cell growth.
2. A phase I study found high rates of hematologic and cytogenetic responses in CP-CML and advanced phases of CML resistant or intolerant to imatinib.
3. Nilotinib has a side effect profile similar to imatinib but was associated with higher rates of elevated liver enzymes at doses of 400mg or more twice daily.
Serum Free Light Chains
This document discusses strategies for screening, diagnosing, monitoring, and prognosticating plasma cell disorders. It presents three case studies demonstrating the utility of serum free light chain assays:
1) A case of cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed through an abnormal serum free light chain ratio and confirmed on biopsy.
2) A patient with smoldering multiple myeloma where serial serum free light chain measurements identified risk of progression.
3) A patient in complete remission from multiple myeloma where a rising serum free light chain preceded clinical relapse detected on imaging. Treatment rapidly lowered the abnormal free light chains.
The document emphasizes how serum free light chain assays provide a sensitive marker for detecting and monitoring plasma cell disorders, complementing other
Poster 8 biochimie
This study compared the quantification of free light chains (FLC) in serum and urine of multiple myeloma patients using immunonephelometry versus electrophoresis. Immunonephelometry showed FLC levels up to 9-fold and 11-fold higher in serum and urine respectively compared to electrophoresis. Bland-Altman plots also showed poor reproducibility and agreement between the two methods for FLC quantification. The overestimation was greater at higher FLC values, suggesting immunonephelometry has limitations including poor post-dilution linearity. Given international guidelines recommend different methods for serum versus urine FLC, values cannot be directly compared between the two quantification methods.
More Related Content
What's hot
Plasma Cell Disorders
Plasma cell disorders are a group of lymphoid neoplasms involving the expansion of a single plasma cell clone secreting monoclonal immunoglobulins. Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, resulting in anemia, bone lesions, hypercalcemia and renal failure. Treatment involves alkylating agents, glucocorticoids, immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors. New targeted therapies and personalized treatment approaches based on disease risk factors are improving outcomes.
Plasma cell disorders
plasma cell disorders, multiple myeloma, waldenstorms macroglobulinemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma,
Immunoproliferative disorders
The document discusses several immunoproliferative disorders characterized by abnormal plasma cell proliferation, including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, and heavy chain disease. Multiple myeloma is the most common and clinically significant plasma cell neoplasm, typically presenting with excessive production of a single immunoglobulin and associated with lytic bone lesions, anemia, and kidney failure. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia involves malignant expansion of IgM-secreting B cells and can cause hyperviscosity syndrome. Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance describes asymptomatic cases with low paraprotein levels. Heavy chain disease involves production of only immunoglobulin heavy
Proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma
This document summarizes the development of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, including its mechanism of action, clinical trials, safety profile, and peripheral neuropathy issues. Key findings include:
- Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of the proteasome's chymotrypsin-like activity and was found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
- Phase I and II clinical trials demonstrated efficacy in hematological malignancies like multiple myeloma with a tolerable safety profile.
- Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect that can often improve after stopping treatment.
- Further research aimed to improve response rates, overcome resistance, expand use to solid tumors, and address neuropathy issues.
Biclonal gammopathy extramedullary disease case presentation
This document presents a case report of a 50-year-old female patient diagnosed with biclonal multiple myeloma with extramedullary involvement of lymph nodes. Key findings included anemia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hypercellular bone marrow with plasma cell infiltration, and presence of two monoclonal bands (IgG kappa and IgG lambda) on serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. Biclonal gammopathies are rare and can originate from either one or two distinct plasma cell clones. Recognition of biclonality helps with treatment response monitoring as both clones must respond. Extramedullary disease carries a poor prognosis.
Plasmacelldisordersppt 111216180735-phpapp02
Plasma Cell Disorders
Presented by- Dr. Mohammad Rehan
DNB Medicine
SDMH Jaipur
Moderator- Dr. Madhulika Sharma
HOD (General Medicine)
Multiple Myloma Diagnostic Criteria
Multiple myeloma is diagnosed based on major criteria including a bone marrow plasmacytosis of at least 30% or an M protein level of over 3.5 g/L, or one major criterion and one minor criterion, which include a plasmacytosis between 10-30% or lytic bone lesions. The two key indicators for prognosis in multiple myeloma are tumor burden and proliferation rate, which can be predicted by levels of C-reactive protein and beta-2 microglobulin, with survival rates of 54 months if both are under 6 mg/L, 27 months if one is under 6 mg/L, and 6 months if both are over 6 mg/L.
Immunoproliferative disorders[1]
Immunoproliferative disorders are conditions characterized by the abnormal proliferation of immune cells. There are three main classes: lymphoproliferative disorders involving excessive lymphocytes, hypergammaglobulinemia with high gamma globulin levels, and paraproteinemia with monoclonal proteins. Common symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss and fatigue. Lymphoproliferative disorders occur in immunocompromised individuals and can be caused by genetic mutations or acquired/iatrogenic factors. Hypergammaglobulinemia and paraproteinemia involve excessive antibodies and can indicate underlying disorders. Diagnosis involves scans and blood tests, while treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation and surgery.
MULTIPLE MYELOMA REVIEW ARTICLE
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow. While initial therapies are often effective, the disease typically relapses and becomes resistant to treatment. The document discusses how the novel therapy of combining bortemozib and dexamethasone has been shown in clinical studies to provide superior responses for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma compared to other treatments. Combination therapies in general have demonstrated higher response rates and survival rates for treating relapsed multiple myeloma.
Clinical characteristics of a group of patients with multiple myeloma who had...
This document summarizes key information about multiple myeloma (MM), including its characteristics, diagnosis, and treatments. MM is a type of cancer caused by uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation, resulting in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by low blood counts, bone problems, infections, kidney failure, and monoclonal gammopathy. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, laboratory tests (including blood counts, protein electrophoresis), bone marrow biopsy, and imaging. Treatments discussed include chemotherapy regimens containing bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone, and stem cell transplantation. The objective of the study was to analyze clinical characteristics of MM patients with two different lambda light chains.
Multiple Myeloma (Case presentation)
This case presentation describes a 55-year-old male referred for management of severe anemia. He has a history of recurrent kidney stones, hypertension, diabetes, and back pain. Laboratory tests reveal severe anemia with rouleaux formation. Further workup shows evidence of a gammopathy. A bone marrow biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of multiple myeloma, which can cause anemia and kidney damage through paraprotein production and bone lesions. Treatment involves supportive care, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation in eligible patients.
Phenotypic identification of subclones in multiple myeloma with different gen...
Bruno Paiva, PhD
Scientific Co-Director of CIMA LAB Diagnostics and Director of the Unit of Cytometry, University of Navarra, Spain
Part 2 Nhl
Follicular lymphoma is the most common form of indolent NHL in the United States. It arises from germinal center B cells and is strongly associated with a translocation involving BCL2, which leads to overexpression of the BCL2 protein and promotes cell survival. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common form of aggressive NHL, often presenting as a rapidly enlarging mass. Burkitt lymphoma is very aggressive and occurs in three clinical variants associated with distinct epidemiological factors and EBV infection status. Multiple myeloma is characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow leading to lytic bone lesions and organ dysfunction.
Genetics of Mitochondrial disorders
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins that are essential components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Defects in mtDNA or nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial functions can cause a wide range of mitochondrial diseases. MtDNA is maternally inherited and mutations can be transmitted from mother to offspring. Common mitochondrial diseases include Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS), MELAS, MERRF, and Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). These diseases have varying clinical features depending on the mutation and often affect the brain, muscles, and eyes.
Therapeutic approaches to Protein Misfolding Diseases
This slide covers three main therapeutic approaches
1.Intrabody technology
2.Chaperone therapy
3.RNA silencing
including GAIM technology
Epigallocatechin Gallate And Melanoma Chemoprevention
When human melanoma M14 cell lines are treated with EGCG, phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 is significantly inhibited compared to untreated cells. A kinase immunoprecipitation assay will be performed to analyze interactions between ERK 1/2 and associated proteins in cells treated with varying concentrations of EGCG. This experiment aims to demonstrate that EGCG can directly inhibit ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in melanoma cells in vitro. However, further study is needed to determine if these molecular effects occur in vivo as well. Supporting evidence from three papers shows that EGCG inhibits ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in mouse skin after UV exposure and in human cancer cell lines, suggesting it may inhibit melanoma proliferation and metastasis.
Unmet need in multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that remains largely incurable. While initial treatments can achieve remission, patients will typically relapse with fewer treatment options available. Current therapies for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma have limited efficacy and serious side effects. There remains an unmet need for additional effective and tolerable treatments. Carfilzomib is a novel proteasome inhibitor that has shown clinical activity with durable responses and an acceptable safety profile in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have limited treatment options.
Cadth 2015 c5 1. cashman rare diseases
The document discusses neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, and prion diseases. It describes how antibodies can selectively target misfolded proteins causing disease while sparing native protein structures, providing efficacy through neutralizing toxicity and blocking propagation while maintaining safety by preserving normal function. The document also provides an overview of an assay to quantify aggregated amyloid beta and lists several propagated protein misfolding diseases.
Antithymocyte globulin associated Hypersensitivity reaction
Literature review on Antithymocyte globulin associated hypersensitivity reaction -Adverse Drug Reaction
Addressing Imatinib-resistant CML
1. Nilotinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL that is more effective than imatinib at inhibiting BCR-ABL driven leukemia cell growth.
2. A phase I study found high rates of hematologic and cytogenetic responses in CP-CML and advanced phases of CML resistant or intolerant to imatinib.
3. Nilotinib has a side effect profile similar to imatinib but was associated with higher rates of elevated liver enzymes at doses of 400mg or more twice daily.
What's hot (20)
Proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma
Proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma
Biclonal gammopathy extramedullary disease case presentation
Biclonal gammopathy extramedullary disease case presentation
Clinical characteristics of a group of patients with multiple myeloma who had...
Clinical characteristics of a group of patients with multiple myeloma who had...
Phenotypic identification of subclones in multiple myeloma with different gen...
Phenotypic identification of subclones in multiple myeloma with different gen...
Therapeutic approaches to Protein Misfolding Diseases
Therapeutic approaches to Protein Misfolding Diseases
Epigallocatechin Gallate And Melanoma Chemoprevention
Epigallocatechin Gallate And Melanoma Chemoprevention
Antithymocyte globulin associated Hypersensitivity reaction
Antithymocyte globulin associated Hypersensitivity reaction
Viewers also liked
Serum Free Light Chains
This document discusses strategies for screening, diagnosing, monitoring, and prognosticating plasma cell disorders. It presents three case studies demonstrating the utility of serum free light chain assays:
1) A case of cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed through an abnormal serum free light chain ratio and confirmed on biopsy.
2) A patient with smoldering multiple myeloma where serial serum free light chain measurements identified risk of progression.
3) A patient in complete remission from multiple myeloma where a rising serum free light chain preceded clinical relapse detected on imaging. Treatment rapidly lowered the abnormal free light chains.
The document emphasizes how serum free light chain assays provide a sensitive marker for detecting and monitoring plasma cell disorders, complementing other
Poster 8 biochimie
This study compared the quantification of free light chains (FLC) in serum and urine of multiple myeloma patients using immunonephelometry versus electrophoresis. Immunonephelometry showed FLC levels up to 9-fold and 11-fold higher in serum and urine respectively compared to electrophoresis. Bland-Altman plots also showed poor reproducibility and agreement between the two methods for FLC quantification. The overestimation was greater at higher FLC values, suggesting immunonephelometry has limitations including poor post-dilution linearity. Given international guidelines recommend different methods for serum versus urine FLC, values cannot be directly compared between the two quantification methods.
compendium-second-edition-may-2011-Dr-Zia
This document provides an introduction and overview of a compendium that compares serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation/immunotyping results using four different electrophoretic systems. The compendium presents selected clinical cases to illustrate patterns seen using agarose gel SPE and immunofixation from Sebia and Helena Laboratories, as well as capillary zone electrophoresis and immunotyping/immunodisplacement from Sebia and Helena. The goal is to familiarize laboratory personnel with the features of automated liquid phase technology from the two manufacturers. Details on the specific procedures, instruments, and manufacturers are provided.
Myeloma csbrp
Plasma cell dyscrasias are a group of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells that produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin or paraprotein. The most common types are multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and primary amyloidosis. Multiple myeloma is defined as the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow that secrete a monoclonal protein, commonly resulting in osteolytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and anemia. Diagnosis requires the presence of clonal bone marrow plasmacytosis along with other clinical or laboratory features. Treatment options continue to advance but currently include chemotherapy, st
Capillary electrophoresis and application by Dr. Anurag Yadav
Dr. Anurag Yadav presented on capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis is a technique used to separate molecules like amino acids, peptides, proteins, DNA fragments, and drugs based on their charge and size. It involves applying a high voltage to a thin capillary filled with buffer, causing molecules to separate as they migrate through the capillary at different speeds. Detection is usually done through ultraviolet absorption, refractive index changes, or fluorescence near the end of the capillary. Capillary electrophoresis provides high resolution, requires only small sample volumes, and can separate a wide range of biomolecules.
Serum protein electrophoresis & their clinical importance
This document discusses serum proteins and electrophoresis techniques used to analyze them. It provides details on the major serum proteins - albumin and globulins - and their functions. Electrophoresis separates proteins based on their charge and size. Several electrophoresis methods are described, including agarose gel, SDS-PAGE, and capillary electrophoresis. Factors influencing electrophoresis results and common stains used are also outlined. The document concludes with descriptions of normal and abnormal serum protein electrophoresis patterns and their clinical significance.
Capillary electrophoresis principles and applications
Capillary electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and other small molecules based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has several advantages over traditional gel electrophoresis methods like faster separation, higher resolution, and requiring only small sample volumes. In capillary electrophoresis, samples are injected into a thin, fused silica capillary tube and separated under the influence of an applied electric field based on differences in their charge and size. Key applications of capillary electrophoresis include hemoglobin electrophoresis for detecting abnormal hemoglobins, serum protein electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. It provides a rapid, automated, and high-resolution method for analyzing biomolecules.
Serum protein electrophpresis
The document discusses serum protein electrophoresis, which separates serum proteins based on their charge and size. It notes that plasma is 92% water and contains 7.6 grams of protein per 100ml, including albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen. Albumin makes up 60% of total protein, globulins 35%, fibrinogen 4%, and other proteins 1%. The main types of globulins are also described. Serum protein electrophoresis is used to analyze the levels of specific proteins and identify abnormalities that can indicate underlying diseases or conditions.
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a malignant disease of plasma cells in the bone marrow. It commonly affects elderly individuals and presents with bone destruction, renal failure, and bone marrow infiltration. While incurable, treatments include chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and supportive care to manage symptoms and complications. Hyperdiploidy is associated with a better prognosis compared to hypodiploidy.
Viewers also liked (9)
Capillary electrophoresis and application by Dr. Anurag Yadav
Capillary electrophoresis and application by Dr. Anurag Yadav
Serum protein electrophoresis & their clinical importance
Serum protein electrophoresis & their clinical importance
Capillary electrophoresis principles and applications
Capillary electrophoresis principles and applications
Similar to Electrophoresis in multiple myeloma patients.
Electrophoresis
This document provides information about electrophoresis, including its theory, principle, types, and applications. It begins with an introduction that defines electrophoresis as the migration of charged particles in an electric field. It then describes the theory behind electrophoresis, explaining how an electrostatic force is balanced by a drag force to produce particle velocity. The main types of electrophoresis are described as slab electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, paper electrophoresis, and gel electrophoresis. Key applications are identified as protein analysis, DNA analysis, and vaccine analysis. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of electrophoresis for research and forensic investigations.
Electrophoresis.pptx
Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that separates biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins based on their size and charge. It works by applying an electric current to move the charged molecules through a gel, with smaller molecules moving faster than larger ones. Common applications of electrophoresis include analyzing DNA and proteins from blood and urine samples. It allows researchers to examine molecules at high resolution and test things like antibiotic purity and vaccine concentrations.
electrophoresis.pptx
Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged molecules like proteins and nucleic acids based on their size and charge. It involves applying an electric field to migrate molecules through a gel or liquid medium. Key applications include separating proteins in blood and other body fluids to diagnose diseases. The rate of migration depends on factors like the molecule's net charge, size, strength of the electric field, and properties of the supporting medium. Common supporting media used are agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel, which separate molecules based on their size through a sieving effect.
Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules. There are several types including free solution electrophoresis, zone electrophoresis using supporting media like paper, cellulose acetate, capillary, or gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is commonly used and separates biomolecules based on their size and charge as they migrate through a gel under an electric field. Electrophoresis has various applications including DNA analysis, studying protein interactions, and testing antibiotics and vaccines.
Seminario biologia molecular_a_y_m
This study aimed to assess the utility of saliva free light chains (FLC) as a biomarker for disease activity and treatment response in multiple sclerosis (MS). Samples were collected from both MS patients experiencing relapses and those in remission, as well as from healthy individuals. Western blot analysis and electrophoresis were used to identify and quantify FLC levels in the saliva samples. The results showed increased FLC levels in saliva of MS patients with active disease compared to those in remission or healthy controls. The study concludes that saliva FLC could serve as a novel, non-invasive biomarker for monitoring disease activity in MS.
Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged particles such as proteins, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules. It works by applying an electric field to move these particles through a medium such as a gel or paper based on their size and charge. There are different types of electrophoresis including gel electrophoresis, paper electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing which separates particles based on their isoelectric point. Electrophoresis has many applications in fields like forensics, molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry to analyze proteins, DNA, RNA, and other biomolecules.
Electrophoresis
Thank you for the detailed presentation on electrophoresis. I appreciate you taking the time to explain the key concepts and techniques. Please let me know if you have any other questions.
TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS.pdf
Depending upon the presence or absence of supporting media the
electrophoresis can be classified as
– Free electrophoresis and
– Zone electrophoresis.
Elisa and Electrophoresis
ELISA and electrophoresis are techniques used to detect antigens, antibodies, and separate biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids. ELISA uses the principle of antigen-antibody binding detected using enzyme conjugates to produce a colored reaction. There are four main types of ELISA including direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive. Electrophoresis separates charged molecules using an electric field through a supportive medium like agarose gel or filter paper. The rate of migration depends on factors like charge, size, and shape. These techniques have various applications in fields like healthcare, food testing, and research.
Comparision of apoptosis detection methods
This document summarizes and compares different methods for detecting apoptosis in cells, including morphological changes, membrane asymmetry, protease activity, and DNA modifications.
For morphological changes, methods like confocal microscopy and phase contrast microscopy allow visualization of features like blebbing and apoptotic bodies. Electron microscopy also enables detection of nuclear density changes. Advantages are low cost and providing information for further studies, while disadvantages include lack of objectivity and difficulty quantifying apoptosis.
Membrane asymmetry detection uses annexin V binding to phosphatidylserine exposed on the outer membrane of apoptotic cells. This can be analyzed via flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy and distinguishes apoptotic from necrotic cells. Advantages are rapid accurate quantification
Gel electrophoresis
This presentation contain the information about gel electrophoresis method , instruments & types.
Electrophoresis is a method through biological molecules are separated by applying an electric field.
Main purpose of this method is to determine the number , amount & mobility of biological component.
There are some internal & external factors that affects the process of electrophoresis.
The bio-molecules have charge on it & when we apply an electric field , the charge particles move to the opposite cathode. In this way, charge particles are separated
There are 3 types of gels that use in this process .
In this buffers are also used which provide ions that carry a current.
gel electrophoresis by Suresh B I
This document provides an introduction to gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a method used to separate molecules like proteins and nucleic acids based on physical characteristics like size, shape, and charge. It works by applying an electric field to move molecules through a gel matrix. There are different types of gels that can be used like agarose or polyacrylamide. The document discusses the basic procedure, which involves applying samples to a gel, running an electric current, staining to visualize the separated molecules, and analyzing the results. Applications of gel electrophoresis include determining DNA fragment sizes, solving criminal cases or determining paternity or species relationships.
Electrophoresis for the students of uG and PG
This topic understands by the students of UG and PG of botany, biotechnology
Electrochemiluminescent (ecl)
This document discusses electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology, which is a detection method for immunoassays. ECL involves applying a voltage to induce a light-producing reaction from ruthenium complexes bound to immunological complexes. This allows for precise, non-isotopic, automated assays with low detection limits. Some key advantages of ECL include excellent sensitivity comparable to older methods but without radioisotopes, simple and rapid measurement, stable reagents, and applicability to a wide variety of analytes and assay types. ECL systems have high clinical quality and are becoming more widely used for immunological testing.
Multiple Myeloma
The document summarizes the diagnosis and classification of plasma cell dyscrasias including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma, and multiple myeloma. It describes the diagnostic evaluation including serum and urine protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, serum free light chain assay, bone marrow examination, and assessment of end organ damage. The diagnostic approach involves testing to establish the presence of a monoclonal protein, determine the level of clonal plasma cells, and identify associated organ or tissue impairment.
electrophoresis-170820132815-converted.pptx
Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged molecules like proteins and nucleic acids based on their size and charge. It works by applying an electric current to move these molecules through a medium like a gel or paper. There are several types of electrophoresis that differ in the medium used, including gel electrophoresis, the most common, which uses an agarose or polyacrylamide gel to separate molecules by size. SDS-PAGE is a type of gel electrophoresis often used to separate proteins by molecular weight. Electrophoresis is widely applied in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.
Electrophoresis wps office
Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins based on their size and charge. It involves placing the molecules in an electric field, which causes them to migrate at different rates depending on their charge - nucleic acids migrate toward the anode due to their negative phosphate backbone, while proteins can migrate either way depending on their overall charge. Different methods like paper, gel, polyacrylamide gel, and agarose gel electrophoresis are used to separate molecules depending on their size, with gels allowing for better resolution of larger molecules. Protein electrophoresis specifically analyzes protein mixtures by separating the proteins based on factors like their length, conformation and charge.
Role Of Proteins
Proteins play a role in almost every physiological process in the body. While it is established that protein structure determines function, intrinsically disordered proteins challenge this idea. Intrinsically disordered proteins do not have a fixed three-dimensional structure, which allows for flexibility and advantages in biological functions. Research shows intrinsically disordered proteins play huge roles in cell signaling and regulation.
General considerations and method development in ce,
This document provides an overview of capillary electrophoresis (CE). It defines CE, describes its principle and instrumentation. CE involves separating components of a sample based on their differential rate of migration in an applied electric field. Key points covered include electrophoretic mobility, electroosmotic flow, sample introduction techniques, and common applications such as protein, DNA and pharmaceutical analysis. CE provides high resolution separations due to its small capillary diameter and long separation length.
Gel Electrophoresis...pptx
Gel electrophoresis is a technique that separates macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins based on their charge and size within a gel medium under an applied electric field. The principle involves charged particles from a sample migrating through the gel at different rates depending on factors like their size, charge, and shape. Common types of gels used include agarose for separating larger nucleic acids, polyacrylamide for smaller nucleic acids, and SDS-PAGE for denaturing proteins. The method allows for visualization and purification of biomolecules.
Similar to Electrophoresis in multiple myeloma patients. (20)
General considerations and method development in ce,
General considerations and method development in ce,
Recently uploaded
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Presentation required for the master in Education.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Recently uploaded (20)
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Group Presentation 2 Economics.Ariana Buscigliopptx
Group Presentation 2 Economics.Ariana Buscigliopptx
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
Advantages and Disadvantages of CMS from an SEO Perspective
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Electrophoresis in multiple myeloma patients.
- 1. Comparison of Electrophoretic Methods in Multiple Myeloma Patients 백승민
- 2. Terms and Definitions • Capillary electrophoresis (CE): a liquid-based protein separation system, having advantage of quick and automated. • Subtraction immunotyping electrophoresis (IT): seperates serum proteins using antisera for each of the heavy and light chains. • Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE): One of the most commonly used clinical method for protein electrophoresis. • Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE): is used to confirm the presence of monoclonal bands and to identify the type of paraprotein Am J Clin Pathol. 2008;129:451-458.
- 3. A Clinical Question • Is the capillary electrophoresis appropriate methods as good as gel electrophoresis to detect monoclonal protein in the serum or urine in following-up multiple myeloma patients? ▶so that, we can reason the observed phenomenon in the 2 cases. • Articles reviewed includes • McCudden et al. Am J Clin Pathol. 2008;129:451-458. • Cho and Jeon et al. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2013;43:285-288. • Cho et al. Clin Lab. 2013;59(3-4):445-448. (abstract only)
- 4. McCudden 2008 • CE is more sensitive than AGE • Avoidance of application artifacts • Superior detection of β-region migrating monoclonal proteins • CE is less specific than AGE • Direct photometric detection of proteins during electrophoresis, resulting in minor abnormalities in the electrophoretogram not typically observed in those derived from scanning densitometry.
- 5. McCudden 2008 • The IT method was less sensitive than AGE or CE for the detection of monoclonal immunoglobulins. • In particular, specimens contained monoclonal immunoglobulins at low concentrations (<0.3 g/dL), • Monoclonal free light chains, • multiple (oligoclonal) bands were often incorrectly typed by interpreters using IT.
- 6. Cho and Jeon 2013 • Small peaks in capillary electrophoresis could be important findings as precursors to large and clear monoclonal peaks in the future. • K/L ratio by the sFLC assay is highly useful as an auxiliary method for electrophoresis, because where the K/L skewing results significantly improved monoclonality detection. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2013;43:285-288.
- 7. Free Light Chain (FLC) Assay • A sensitive antibody-based system that can detect low concentrations of monoclonal free light chains. • FLC kappa – 22.5 kDa, monomer FLC lambda – 45 kDa, dimer FLC kappa to lambda in serum = 1:1.6 • Free serum kappa light chains – 3.3 to 19.4 mg/L Free serum lambda light chains – 5.7 to 26.3 mg/L Kappa to lambda ratio – 0.26 to 1.65 Lancet. 2003;8;361(9356):489-91.
- 8. Conclusion • Subtle peak in UPEP by capillary method in the case 1 (M/72), which is not visible in GE, might be a false positive results in CE. • However, since small peaks in the CE could possibly predict future huge increase in M-protein, the interpretation better to be conducted with FLC assay results. • The case 2 (F/66), which did not show peak in subtraction immunotyping, but did in gel immunofixation, might be explained by detection limit of the capillary electrophoresis method.
- 9. 백승민 감사합니다.
Editor's Notes
- Articles not included in this mini review 1. Cho SY, You E, La Jeon Y, Lee HJ, Park TS. Masked monoclonal gammopathy in capillary electrophoresis. Clin Lab. 2014;60(7):1233-6. : CE상 polyclonal gammopathy 속에 monoclonal gammopathy가 숨어있었던 케이스 (2건) 2. Cho SY, You E, Lee WI, Lee J, Lee HJ, Yoon HJ, Park TS. Laboratory tools for oligo-secretory myeloma diagnosis: capillary electrophoresis versus free light chain assay. Clin Lab. 2013;59(3-4):445-8. : CE 상에서는 M-peak가 관찰되지 않았으나 increased Kappa component와 skewing Kappa/Lambda ratio가 있었던 케이스.
- 72세 남자 (류X열, 근) 케이스 capillary electrophoresis 상의 small peak는 false positive?
- 66세 여자 (이X자, 명) 케이스에서 immunotyping 상 peak가 검출되지 않았던 것은 검출 한계의 문제?
- Bradwell AR1, Carr-Smith HD, Mead GP, Harvey TC, Drayson MT. Serum test for assessment of patients with Bence Jones myeloma. Lancet. 2003 Feb 8;361(9356):489-91. Serum reference intervals and diagnostic ranges for free kappa and free lambda immunoglobulin light chains: relative sensitivity for detection of monoclonal light chains. AU Katzmann JA, Clark RJ, Abraham RS, Bryant S, Lymp JF, Bradwell AR, Kyle RA SO Clin Chem. 2002;48(9):1437. http://www.cancercompass.com/message-board/message/all,63770,0.htm uptodate - Recognition of monoclonal proteins