Review _14_astronomy_sc(2)
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The document discusses various celestial models including the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system. It provides diagrams of the positions of Earth, Moon, and Sun to illustrate phenomena like solar eclipses and ocean tides. Multiple choice questions test understanding of these concepts and which evidence supports that the Earth rotates and revolves rather than being stationary.
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A. is much smaller.
B. rotates more quickly.
C. has a lower internal pressure.
D. has no moon.
12. Regarding movement of planets, the three laws of planetary motion include all except which of the
following?
A. The farther a planet is from the sun, the longer it takes to orbit the sun.
B. The distance between each planet and the sun is constant.
C. When a planet is closer to the sun it moves faster than when it is farther away.
D. Orbits are elliptical.
13. What two characteristics of a star are plotted on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
A. Rotation and age
B. Brightness and age
C. Brightness and temperature
D. Rotation and temperature
14. An icy piece of rock or rock fragment moving through space is known as a
A. meteor.
B. meteorite.
C. meteoroid.
D. comet.
15. We see only one side of the moon from Earth because
A. the other side of the moon isn't illuminated when it faces Earth.
B. Earth's gravity holds the moon in place so it can't rotate.
C. the moon rotates on its axis at the same rate at which it orbits Earth.
D. tilt of Earth on its axis causes it to face the same side of the moon.
16. As the moon moves around Earth, a person on Earth doesn't always see the fully lit side of the moon.
This phenomenon causes
A. eclipses of the moon.
B. phases of the moon.
C. an increase in perigee.
D. an increase in apogee.
17. The use of convex lenses to form an image is the method by which _______ telescopes work.
A. refracting
B. mirror
C. reflecting
D. optical
18. The asteroid belt is located betwee.
Rotation and Time Ditto
1) The document is a science worksheet about astronomy and concepts related to the rotation and revolution of the Earth. It contains 10 multiple choice questions about topics like the position of the sun at different times of day, how the Earth's rotation affects day length, the direction locations are facing on Earth, and time zones.
2) The questions cover basic concepts in astronomy like how the tilt of the Earth's axis and its rotation cause changes in sunlight and shadows over the course of a day and year.
3) The worksheet uses diagrams of the Earth from above the North Pole along with illustrations of the sun's position at different locations and times to demonstrate astronomical phenomena like why we experience days and years.
Solar system: trivial game
The document discusses the makeup of the solar system. It is comprised of galaxies, including the Milky Way galaxy where our solar system is located. At the center of the solar system is the sun, which is a star that planets orbit around in elliptical paths. Between Mars and Jupiter are asteroids, and the inner planets refer to Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, while the outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Dwarf planets include Ceres, Pluto, and Eris.
Review 3 earth_s_shape_latitude__longitude_sc(2)
The document contains information about the shape of the Earth and how the position of the star Polaris in the night sky can be used to determine latitude. It provides data about the altitude of Polaris from different locations and diagrams showing its position from the equator and at different latitudes. The document demonstrates that the Earth is spherical by showing that the altitude of Polaris corresponds to an observer's latitude. It indicates Polaris can be used for navigation in the Northern Hemisphere because its position relative to the horizon changes with the observer's latitude.
1 University of Maryland University College ASTR 1.docx
1
University of Maryland University College
ASTR 100 – Dr. Hunt
Midterm Exam
Spring 2015
The following general directions apply to this exam:
• This Exam is open book & open notes in format, but you are not to
collaborate with other students
• The Exam is worth 100 points.
• Place all answers on Answer Sheet, and upload ONLY THAT to LEO
by the due date.
GOOD LUCK!
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – 1 POINT EACH
Choose the most correct answer for the following multiple-choice questions and record your
answer on the answer sheet. Make sure to read all the choices carefully before choosing
an answer.
1. The north celestial pole is a point in the sky
a. directly over Earth's equator.
b. directly over Earth's south pole.
c. around which the stars in the northern hemisphere appear to revolve.
d. that follows the daily motion of the stars.
2. Which of the following kinds of waves are of a fundamentally different character
than the others?
a. light
b. x-rays
c. sound waves
d. gamma rays
e. ultra-violet rays
3. The statement “The Mona Lisa is beautiful” is not a scientific statement because it is
not
a. true.
b. falsifiable.
c. popular enough.
d. Correction: the statement is scientific.
2
4. The sun’s apparent path around the celestial sphere over the year is called the
a. zodiac
b. ecliptic
c. celestial equator
d. meridian
5. Spring begins in the northern hemisphere on the vernal equinox, which occurs when
the
a. sun rises on the celestial equator.
b. sun reaches its most northerly point and rises to its highest point in the sky.
c. setting sun is seen below the horizon.
d. sun makes a complete daily cycle without dipping below the horizon.
6. The law that describes rocketry and the recoil of a gun is?
a. Kepler’s First Law
b. Kepler’s Second Law
c. Newton’s Third Law
d. Newton’s Law of Gravity.
7. Because Earth rotates on its axis, the
a. sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west.
b. stars appear to rise in the east and set in the west.
c. plane of motion of a pendulum changes.
d. all of the above
8. When the moon is located between Earth and the sun, the phase of the moon is said to
be new. A new moon is
a. visible from Earth during the daylight hours.
b. visible from Earth at midnight.
c. not visible at all.
d. only visible just before sunset by observers at high latitudes.
9. A "phase" of the moon is determined by the
a. amount of sunlight reflected off the lunar surface reaching Earth.
b. rate of Earth's rotation.
c. speed of the moon in orbit about Earth.
d. rate at which the moon rates on its axis
10. The gibbous waning and crescent waning phases occur when the moon
a. is rotating on its axis.
b. appears to be growing.
c. appears to be shrinking.
d. is observed through obscuring clouds.
11. A lunar eclipse occurs when
a. ...
The Celestial Sphere
The Sky
Astronomy is about us. As we learn about astronomy, we learn about ourselves. We search for an answer to the question “What are we?” The quick answer is that we are thinking creatures living on a planet that circles a star we call the sun. In this chapter, we begin trying to understand that answer. What does it mean to live on a planet?
The preceding chapter gave us a quick overview of the universe, and chapters later in the book will discuss the details. This chapter and the next help us understand what the universe looks like seen from the surface of our spinning planet.
But appearances are deceiving. We will see in Chapter 4 how difficult it has been for humanity to understand what we see in the #sky every day. In fact, we will discover that modern science was born when people tried to understand the appearance of the sky.
M1_Lesson 3_Brahe's Innovation.pptx
This document discusses how Tycho Brahe's accurate astronomical observations and data collection paved the way for Johannes Kepler's discovery of the laws of planetary motion. Brahe made extensive measurements of the positions of planets and stars. Kepler used Brahe's data to discover that planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus, that they sweep out equal areas in equal times, and that the squares of their orbital periods are proportional to the cubes of their average distances from the sun.
Star life cycles
The document summarizes information about the formation and evolution of stars, including our sun. It discusses how stars are formed from collapsing gas clouds, and how stars of different masses will evolve differently. Lower mass stars like our sun will become red giants and end as white dwarfs, while very massive stars may explode as supernovae and form neutron stars or black holes. It also provides information about classifying and identifying properties of stars using tools like spectroscopy and star charts.
Problem 1 a ph o 2
(1) The document presents a theoretical question about when the Moon will become a synchronous satellite. It provides background information on the tidal forces acting between the Earth and Moon, and how these are slowing the Earth's rotation over time.
(2) The question asks the reader to calculate the total angular momentum of the current Earth-Moon system, the duration of a full Earth rotation when it becomes synchronous with the Moon's orbit, and the estimated time in years until synchronization occurs.
(3) It provides various data on physical properties of the Earth and Moon, assumptions that can be made, and mathematical formulas that may be useful in solving the questions. Diagrams are also included to illustrate the system and tidal model being
The Cycles of the Moon
As the moon waxes (the amount of illuminated surface as seen from Earth is increasing), the lunar phases progress through new moon, crescent moon, first-quarter moon, gibbous moon, and full moon. The moon is then said to wane as it passes through the gibbous moon, third-quarter moon, crescent moon and back to new moon.
Moon Practice Questions
1. The document contains a practice test on astronomy concepts related to the Moon, including its phases, orbit around Earth, and effects on ocean tides.
2. There are 25 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of the Moon's motion and position relative to Earth and how that determines what phase is visible from different locations on Earth's surface.
3. Additional concepts covered include solar eclipses, spring tides, and how the positions of the Moon cause highest and lowest ocean tides on Earth.
Chapter 20 planetary motion
The document discusses planetary motion and the movement of celestial bodies. It describes how early astronomers like Ptolemy, Copernicus, and Kepler developed models of the solar system. Johannes Kepler developed his three laws of planetary motion, establishing that planets orbit the sun in ellipses. Isaac Newton later explained that gravity is the force that causes planets to orbit the sun. The document also discusses the Earth's rotation, revolution, and axial tilt, which cause seasons. It describes the moon's orbit and how its phases, tides, and eclipses occur due to the positions of the Earth, moon, and sun.
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Review _14_astronomy_sc(2)
- 1. 1. The diagram below shows one model of a portion of the universe. A) a heliocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit Earth B) a heliocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit the Sun C) a geocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit Earth D) a geocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit the Sun What type of model does the diagram best demonstrate? A) the Moon B) Jupiter C) the Sun D) the Milky Way 2. Which celestial feature is largest in actual size? A) galaxy ® solar system ® universe ® planet B) solar system ® galaxy ® planet ® universe C) planet ® solar system ® galaxy ® universe D) universe ® galaxy ® solar system ® planet 3. In which list are celestial features correctly shown in order of increasing size? A) The Earth actually moves around the Sun at a rate of 15º per hour. B) The stars actually move around the center of the galaxy at a rate of 15º per hour. C) The Earth actually rotates at a rate of 15º per hour. D) The stars actually revolve around the Earth at a rate of 15º per hour. 4. Why do stars appear to move through the night sky at the rate of 15 degrees per hour?
- 2. 5. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of the solar system below. A) heliocentric model B) geocentric model C) sidereal model D) lunar model Which kind of model of the solar system is represented by the diagram? A) The geocentric model no longer predicted the positions of the constellations. B) The geocentric model did not predict the phases of the Moon. C) The heliocentric model provided a simpler explanation of the motions of the planets. D) The heliocentric model proved that the Earth rotates. 6. For what reason did the heliocentric model of the universe replace the geocentric model of the universe? A) heliocentric model B) tetrahedral model C) concentric model D) geocentric model 7. In which type of model are the Sun, other stars, and the Moon in orbit around the Earth? 8. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the heliocentric model of a part of our solar system. The planets closest to the Sun are shown. Point B is a location on Earth's equator. Explain why location B experiences both day and night in a 24-hour period.
- 3. A) lunar eclipse B) solar eclipse C) new Moon D) full Moon 9. The passage of the Moon into Earth's shadow causes a 10. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows the Moon at four positions in its orbit around Earth. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 An observer on Earth could see a solar eclipse when the Moon is at position 11. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows Earth and the Moon in relation to the Sun. Positions A, B, C, and D show the Moon at specific locations in its orbit. Point X is a location on Earth's surface. A) A B) B C) C D) D A solar eclipse might occur when the Moon is at location
- 4. A) unpredictable and cyclic B) unpredictable and noncyclic C) predictable and cyclic D) predictable and noncyclic 12. Ocean tides are best described as 13. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents the Sun’s rays striking Earth and the Moon. Numbers 1 through 4 represent positions of the Moon in its orbit around Earth. A) 1 and 3 B) 2 and 4 C) 3 and 2 D) 4 and 1 The highest tides on Earth occur when the Moon is in positions A) B) C) D) 14. Which arrangement of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth results in the highest high tides, and the lowest low tides on Earth? (Diagrams are not drawn to scale.) A) red shift in the light from distant galaxies B) change in the swing direction of a Foucault pendulum on Earth C) parallelism of Earth's axis in orbit D) spiral shape of the Milky Way Galaxy 15. Evidence that the universe is expanding is best provided by the A) hot. B) cool. C) receding from us. D) advancing toward us. 16. A red shift in the spectrum of a distant galaxy indicates that the galaxy is A) expanding B) contracting C) moving randomly D) fixed and stationary 17. Based on the red-shift data on galaxies, most astronomers infer that the universe is currently A) Foucault pendulum B) phases of the Moon C) position of the Sun at solar noon D) geocentric model of the solar system 18. Evidence that the Earth rotates on an axis is provided by the Coriolis effect and the
- 5. A) rotates on its axis B) revolves in its orbit C) is tilted on its axis D) has an elliptical orbit 19. The path of a Foucault pendulum provides evidence that Earth A) rotates on its axis B) revolves around the Sun C) has a spherical shape D) is inclined on its axis 20. The Foucault pendulum provides evidence that the Earth