1. The document contains a practice test on astronomy concepts related to the Moon, including its phases, orbit around Earth, and effects on ocean tides.
2. There are 25 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of the Moon's motion and position relative to Earth and how that determines what phase is visible from different locations on Earth's surface.
3. Additional concepts covered include solar eclipses, spring tides, and how the positions of the Moon cause highest and lowest ocean tides on Earth.
The document contains information and questions about the phases of the Moon as seen from Earth. It explains that the Moon orbits Earth about once a month, causing the monthly cycle of moon phases seen from our planet. Diagrams show the relative positions of the Moon, Earth, and Sun during different moon phases. Multiple choice questions test understanding of moon phases and their sequence over a month.
This document contains a 25 question multiple choice test about concepts related to space, the solar system, and the Earth's rotation and revolution. The questions cover topics like the causes of day and night, seasons, phases of the moon, the order and relative distances of planets from the sun, and characteristics of objects like comets, asteroids, and sunspots.
The document contains diagrams and questions about the seasons on Earth and how they are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis and its orbit around the sun. It discusses how the distribution of sunlight throughout the year causes summer in one hemisphere when it is winter in the other. It also addresses how Earth's rotation on its axis causes day and night and how a year is defined as one full orbit around the sun.
The document contains diagrams and questions about the seasons on Earth and how they are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun. It discusses how the amount of sunlight received at the North Pole and South Pole changes throughout the year, causing different seasons in each hemisphere. It also shows diagrams of Earth in different positions along its orbit and asks questions about which hemisphere would be experiencing summer or winter in each case.
This document provides information about the solar system including:
1) It describes the solar system as including everything in the universe with Earth being a planet that revolves around the sun along with other objects like asteroids and comets.
2) It provides examples of matter like planets, animals, rocks that make up the solar system and examples of energy like electricity, heat, and light.
3) It explains that the sun is at the center of the solar system and lists the planets in their correct order from the sun.
The document contains information and questions about the phases of the Moon as seen from Earth. It explains that the Moon orbits Earth about once a month, causing the monthly cycle of moon phases seen from our planet. Diagrams show the relative positions of the Moon, Earth, and Sun during different moon phases. Multiple choice questions test understanding of moon phases and their sequence over a month.
This document contains a 25 question multiple choice test about concepts related to space, the solar system, and the Earth's rotation and revolution. The questions cover topics like the causes of day and night, seasons, phases of the moon, the order and relative distances of planets from the sun, and characteristics of objects like comets, asteroids, and sunspots.
The document contains diagrams and questions about the seasons on Earth and how they are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis and its orbit around the sun. It discusses how the distribution of sunlight throughout the year causes summer in one hemisphere when it is winter in the other. It also addresses how Earth's rotation on its axis causes day and night and how a year is defined as one full orbit around the sun.
The document contains diagrams and questions about the seasons on Earth and how they are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun. It discusses how the amount of sunlight received at the North Pole and South Pole changes throughout the year, causing different seasons in each hemisphere. It also shows diagrams of Earth in different positions along its orbit and asks questions about which hemisphere would be experiencing summer or winter in each case.
This document provides information about the solar system including:
1) It describes the solar system as including everything in the universe with Earth being a planet that revolves around the sun along with other objects like asteroids and comets.
2) It provides examples of matter like planets, animals, rocks that make up the solar system and examples of energy like electricity, heat, and light.
3) It explains that the sun is at the center of the solar system and lists the planets in their correct order from the sun.
1) Canada experiences summer when the Earth is at its greatest distance from the Sun because the tilt of the Earth's axis causes the northern hemisphere to receive more direct sunlight during its summer.
2) The document contains questions about the Earth's orbit around the Sun and how it causes the seasons, as well as diagrams showing the positions and paths of the Sun and Earth at different times of the year.
3) The questions assess the learner's understanding of how the tilt of the Earth's axis and its revolution around the Sun result in the seasons for different locations on Earth.
This document contains two models of the solar system - one using different sized balls to represent the planets, and one drawing. It also contains questions about the models and basic facts about how the Earth's tilt and orbit around the sun cause day/night, seasons, and years.
The first model uses balls of different sizes like golf balls and exercise balls to represent the sun and planets. Statements are given to indicate whether things in the model are correct or incorrect, like the order and relative distances of planets. The second model is a simple drawing and questions are asked about how it could be improved, such as making the outer planets more distant.
The final section contains drawings of the Earth tilting on its axis in
The document discusses different types of eclipses including solar and lunar eclipses. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and sun, blocking the sun from view. A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the sun and moon, casting the moon in earth's shadow. The document provides details on the different types of solar and lunar eclipses as well as explanations for why eclipses do not occur every month and why the moon appears red during a lunar eclipse.
The document provides information about the sun and our solar system over multiple days. It covers that the sun is at the center of our solar system, the planets that revolve around it, and some key facts about the sun like that it is made of gases and gives off light and heat. It also discusses distances and time it would take to travel to the sun, as well as sizes of the sun compared to Earth.
Comets are icy counterparts to asteroids that formed beyond the frost line in the early solar system. They have a frozen nucleus and can grow comas and tails as they enter the inner solar system and warm. Comet showers occur when Earth crosses a comet's orbit and encounters dust ejected along its path. The Kuiper belt contains orderly comet orbits beyond Neptune, while the distant Oort cloud has randomly distributed comet orbits initially placed there by interactions with giant planets. Spacecraft images have revealed diverse geology on comet nuclei including cliffs, mesas, and circular depressions.
Comets are icy, dusty objects that orbit the Sun. They are composed of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. When a comet approaches the Sun, its ice warms and sublimates into gas, forming a coma - a fuzzy cloud around the comet. Solar wind and radiation pressure cause the coma to form two tails - a blue ion tail and a white dust tail. Comets can be short-period or long-period depending on the shape and size of their orbits.
This document contains two models of the solar system - one using different sized balls to represent the planets, and one drawing. It also contains questions about the models and basic facts about how the Earth's tilt and orbit around the sun cause day/night, seasons, and years.
The first model uses balls of different sizes like golf balls and exercise balls to represent the sun and planets. Statements are given to indicate whether things in the model are correct or incorrect, like the order and relative distances of planets. The second model is a simple drawing and questions are asked about how it could be improved, such as making the outer planets more distant.
The final section contains drawings of the Earth tilting on its axis in
The Asteroid Belt lies between Mars and Jupiter, contains an estimated 750,000 asteroids over 1 km in diameter and millions more smaller asteroids. It is home to the dwarf planet Ceres and while most asteroids remain in the Belt, some have orbits bringing them closer to Earth and other planets, occasionally resulting in collisions.
The document describes the eight phases of the moon:
1) New moon - When the moon is between the sun and earth so we cannot see it.
2) Waxing crescent - After a few days we can see half of the illuminated side of the moon.
3) First quarter - Half of the moon is illuminated after about a week.
4) Waxing gibbous - More than half is illuminated two or three days after the first quarter.
5) Full moon - The entire near side is illuminated about two weeks after the new moon.
Rotation and Revolution of the Earth
Aphelion and Perihelion
Four Seasons
Seasonal Changes
Solstice and Equinoxes
Standard Time Zones
Land of the Midnight Sun
The moon is tidally locked to Earth, meaning the same side always faces Earth. This is why there is a big difference between the appearance of the near side, which faces Earth, and the far side. The near side has many visible maria (dark plains) while the far side has fewer maria and a thicker crust with more craters. Additionally, the Earth and moon orbit a common center of gravity called the barycenter, located about 900 miles from Earth's surface. Both bodies revolve around this point, which itself revolves around the sun.
The theroy of plate tectonic directed reading a Cody Westfall
1. The document is a worksheet about plate tectonics that contains questions for students to answer. It covers topics like plate boundaries, how plates move relative to each other, what happens when plates collide, possible causes of plate motion, and how scientists track plate motion.
2. When two tectonic plates with continental crust collide, the continental crust buckles and thickens, pushing the continental crust upward.
3. Plates move due to processes like ridge push from new crust forming at mid-ocean ridges, slab pull from the sinking of old, dense ocean crust into the mantle at subduction zones, and convection currents in the asthenosphere driven by thermal energy from the earth's interior.
The document discusses lunar and solar eclipses. It explains that lunar eclipses occur when the Earth passes between the sun and moon, casting its shadow on the moon. Solar eclipses occur when the moon passes between the Earth and sun, casting its shadow on parts of Earth. Eclipses only occur when the sun, Earth, and moon are aligned on the same plane. The document provides details on the conditions required to see each type of eclipse and diagrams demonstrating the geometry of lunar and solar eclipses.
The Earth rotates on its axis, which passes through the North and South Poles, and revolves around the Sun. The equator divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Rotation causes day and night, while revolution results in the four seasons - spring, summer, autumn and winter.
The document discusses the Earth, moon, and sun. It provides facts about each including that the Earth revolves around the sun every 365 days, rotates on its axis every 24 hours causing day and night, and the moon revolves around the Earth every 29 days. It also notes that the sun is the largest object in the solar system and discusses phases of the moon.
The document discusses the phases of the moon and how they occur as the moon orbits the Earth. It describes the 8 phases as: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. As the moon orbits the Earth over approximately 29.5 days, the portion illuminated from our perspective changes in a cycle from new to full and back to new moon again.
The Giant Impact Theory proposes that the Moon was formed about 4.5 billion years ago from the debris of a collision between the early Earth and a Mars-sized protoplanet. This collision created a disk of molten rock and debris that eventually consolidated to form the Moon. Some earlier ideas on the Moon's formation included it forming alongside Earth or being captured after forming elsewhere in the solar system.
Geographers use various tools like globes, maps, and technology to study and represent the Earth. Globes provide a whole spherical view but are not portable, while maps can be scaled and transported but become distorted when flattened. Geographers also employ remote sensing techniques involving satellites and aerial photography as well as geographic information systems to collect, store, and analyze spatial data about the Earth's physical and human features.
1) The document is a quiz about concepts in astronomy including Earth's rotation, the seasons, time zones, and the Coriolis effect.
2) Key evidence of Earth's rotation includes the movement of Foucault pendulums and the deflection of winds and ocean currents due to the Coriolis effect.
3) The Coriolis effect causes winds in the northern hemisphere to curve to the right and winds in the southern hemisphere to curve to the left as a result of Earth's rotation.
This document is a worksheet about astronomy and evidence for Earth's rotation. It contains multiple choice questions about topics like the Coriolis effect, Foucault pendulums, sunrise times, and how Earth's rotation causes the apparent movement of stars and celestial objects in the sky. The answer key at the end provides the correct response for each question.
1) Canada experiences summer when the Earth is at its greatest distance from the Sun because the tilt of the Earth's axis causes the northern hemisphere to receive more direct sunlight during its summer.
2) The document contains questions about the Earth's orbit around the Sun and how it causes the seasons, as well as diagrams showing the positions and paths of the Sun and Earth at different times of the year.
3) The questions assess the learner's understanding of how the tilt of the Earth's axis and its revolution around the Sun result in the seasons for different locations on Earth.
This document contains two models of the solar system - one using different sized balls to represent the planets, and one drawing. It also contains questions about the models and basic facts about how the Earth's tilt and orbit around the sun cause day/night, seasons, and years.
The first model uses balls of different sizes like golf balls and exercise balls to represent the sun and planets. Statements are given to indicate whether things in the model are correct or incorrect, like the order and relative distances of planets. The second model is a simple drawing and questions are asked about how it could be improved, such as making the outer planets more distant.
The final section contains drawings of the Earth tilting on its axis in
The document discusses different types of eclipses including solar and lunar eclipses. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and sun, blocking the sun from view. A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the sun and moon, casting the moon in earth's shadow. The document provides details on the different types of solar and lunar eclipses as well as explanations for why eclipses do not occur every month and why the moon appears red during a lunar eclipse.
The document provides information about the sun and our solar system over multiple days. It covers that the sun is at the center of our solar system, the planets that revolve around it, and some key facts about the sun like that it is made of gases and gives off light and heat. It also discusses distances and time it would take to travel to the sun, as well as sizes of the sun compared to Earth.
Comets are icy counterparts to asteroids that formed beyond the frost line in the early solar system. They have a frozen nucleus and can grow comas and tails as they enter the inner solar system and warm. Comet showers occur when Earth crosses a comet's orbit and encounters dust ejected along its path. The Kuiper belt contains orderly comet orbits beyond Neptune, while the distant Oort cloud has randomly distributed comet orbits initially placed there by interactions with giant planets. Spacecraft images have revealed diverse geology on comet nuclei including cliffs, mesas, and circular depressions.
Comets are icy, dusty objects that orbit the Sun. They are composed of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. When a comet approaches the Sun, its ice warms and sublimates into gas, forming a coma - a fuzzy cloud around the comet. Solar wind and radiation pressure cause the coma to form two tails - a blue ion tail and a white dust tail. Comets can be short-period or long-period depending on the shape and size of their orbits.
This document contains two models of the solar system - one using different sized balls to represent the planets, and one drawing. It also contains questions about the models and basic facts about how the Earth's tilt and orbit around the sun cause day/night, seasons, and years.
The first model uses balls of different sizes like golf balls and exercise balls to represent the sun and planets. Statements are given to indicate whether things in the model are correct or incorrect, like the order and relative distances of planets. The second model is a simple drawing and questions are asked about how it could be improved, such as making the outer planets more distant.
The final section contains drawings of the Earth tilting on its axis in
The Asteroid Belt lies between Mars and Jupiter, contains an estimated 750,000 asteroids over 1 km in diameter and millions more smaller asteroids. It is home to the dwarf planet Ceres and while most asteroids remain in the Belt, some have orbits bringing them closer to Earth and other planets, occasionally resulting in collisions.
The document describes the eight phases of the moon:
1) New moon - When the moon is between the sun and earth so we cannot see it.
2) Waxing crescent - After a few days we can see half of the illuminated side of the moon.
3) First quarter - Half of the moon is illuminated after about a week.
4) Waxing gibbous - More than half is illuminated two or three days after the first quarter.
5) Full moon - The entire near side is illuminated about two weeks after the new moon.
Rotation and Revolution of the Earth
Aphelion and Perihelion
Four Seasons
Seasonal Changes
Solstice and Equinoxes
Standard Time Zones
Land of the Midnight Sun
The moon is tidally locked to Earth, meaning the same side always faces Earth. This is why there is a big difference between the appearance of the near side, which faces Earth, and the far side. The near side has many visible maria (dark plains) while the far side has fewer maria and a thicker crust with more craters. Additionally, the Earth and moon orbit a common center of gravity called the barycenter, located about 900 miles from Earth's surface. Both bodies revolve around this point, which itself revolves around the sun.
The theroy of plate tectonic directed reading a Cody Westfall
1. The document is a worksheet about plate tectonics that contains questions for students to answer. It covers topics like plate boundaries, how plates move relative to each other, what happens when plates collide, possible causes of plate motion, and how scientists track plate motion.
2. When two tectonic plates with continental crust collide, the continental crust buckles and thickens, pushing the continental crust upward.
3. Plates move due to processes like ridge push from new crust forming at mid-ocean ridges, slab pull from the sinking of old, dense ocean crust into the mantle at subduction zones, and convection currents in the asthenosphere driven by thermal energy from the earth's interior.
The document discusses lunar and solar eclipses. It explains that lunar eclipses occur when the Earth passes between the sun and moon, casting its shadow on the moon. Solar eclipses occur when the moon passes between the Earth and sun, casting its shadow on parts of Earth. Eclipses only occur when the sun, Earth, and moon are aligned on the same plane. The document provides details on the conditions required to see each type of eclipse and diagrams demonstrating the geometry of lunar and solar eclipses.
The Earth rotates on its axis, which passes through the North and South Poles, and revolves around the Sun. The equator divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Rotation causes day and night, while revolution results in the four seasons - spring, summer, autumn and winter.
The document discusses the Earth, moon, and sun. It provides facts about each including that the Earth revolves around the sun every 365 days, rotates on its axis every 24 hours causing day and night, and the moon revolves around the Earth every 29 days. It also notes that the sun is the largest object in the solar system and discusses phases of the moon.
The document discusses the phases of the moon and how they occur as the moon orbits the Earth. It describes the 8 phases as: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. As the moon orbits the Earth over approximately 29.5 days, the portion illuminated from our perspective changes in a cycle from new to full and back to new moon again.
The Giant Impact Theory proposes that the Moon was formed about 4.5 billion years ago from the debris of a collision between the early Earth and a Mars-sized protoplanet. This collision created a disk of molten rock and debris that eventually consolidated to form the Moon. Some earlier ideas on the Moon's formation included it forming alongside Earth or being captured after forming elsewhere in the solar system.
Geographers use various tools like globes, maps, and technology to study and represent the Earth. Globes provide a whole spherical view but are not portable, while maps can be scaled and transported but become distorted when flattened. Geographers also employ remote sensing techniques involving satellites and aerial photography as well as geographic information systems to collect, store, and analyze spatial data about the Earth's physical and human features.
1) The document is a quiz about concepts in astronomy including Earth's rotation, the seasons, time zones, and the Coriolis effect.
2) Key evidence of Earth's rotation includes the movement of Foucault pendulums and the deflection of winds and ocean currents due to the Coriolis effect.
3) The Coriolis effect causes winds in the northern hemisphere to curve to the right and winds in the southern hemisphere to curve to the left as a result of Earth's rotation.
This document is a worksheet about astronomy and evidence for Earth's rotation. It contains multiple choice questions about topics like the Coriolis effect, Foucault pendulums, sunrise times, and how Earth's rotation causes the apparent movement of stars and celestial objects in the sky. The answer key at the end provides the correct response for each question.
This document is an astronomy worksheet with questions about the apparent motion of stars and concepts like the Earth's rotation. It contains 10 multiple choice questions about topics like how stars appear to rise and set due to the Earth's rotation, how the position of Polaris changes with latitude, explanations for the daily motion of stars, and models of the solar system. It provides a diagram of an instrument used to measure star positions as well as a diagram of an orbiting planet's motion around a star.
1) The document is a science worksheet about astronomy and concepts related to the rotation and revolution of the Earth. It contains 10 multiple choice questions about topics like the position of the sun at different times of day, how the Earth's rotation affects day length, the direction of sunset, and time zones.
2) The questions cover a range of foundational astronomy topics for middle school students, including how the tilt of the Earth's axis causes changes in sunlight throughout the day and year, how the Earth's rotation creates day and night cycles, and how time zones relate to the Earth's rotation.
3) The worksheet provides diagrams and illustrations to supplement the multiple choice questions and help students visualize astronomy concepts like the Earth's
1) The document is a science worksheet about astronomy and concepts related to the rotation and revolution of the Earth. It contains 10 multiple choice questions about topics like the position of the sun at different times of day, how the Earth's rotation affects day length, the direction locations are facing on Earth, and time zones.
2) The questions cover basic concepts in astronomy like how the tilt of the Earth's axis and its rotation cause changes in sunlight and shadows over the course of a day and year.
3) The worksheet uses diagrams of the Earth from above the North Pole along with illustrations of the sun's position at different locations and times to demonstrate astronomical phenomena like why we experience days and years.
This document contains a science worksheet about seasons and the Earth's orbit around the sun. It includes 10 multiple choice questions about topics like which hemisphere is experiencing summer in a diagram of Earth, the causes of seasons, the tilt of Earth's axis, and how sunlight and daylight hours vary between hemispheres at different times of year. Diagrams are provided to help answer some of the questions.
The document discusses various celestial models including the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system. It provides diagrams of the positions of Earth, Moon, and Sun to illustrate phenomena like solar eclipses and ocean tides. Multiple choice questions test understanding of these concepts and which evidence supports that the Earth rotates and revolves rather than being stationary.
The document contains multiple choice questions about planetary motion and astronomy concepts from Chapter 2 of the textbook. The questions cover topics like retrograde motion of planets, shapes of orbits, phases of Venus, planetary configurations, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and units of measurement like light years. One question asks students to explain the difference between mass and weight.
The Sky
Astronomy is about us. As we learn about astronomy, we learn about ourselves. We search for an answer to the question “What are we?” The quick answer is that we are thinking creatures living on a planet that circles a star we call the sun. In this chapter, we begin trying to understand that answer. What does it mean to live on a planet?
The preceding chapter gave us a quick overview of the universe, and chapters later in the book will discuss the details. This chapter and the next help us understand what the universe looks like seen from the surface of our spinning planet.
But appearances are deceiving. We will see in Chapter 4 how difficult it has been for humanity to understand what we see in the #sky every day. In fact, we will discover that modern science was born when people tried to understand the appearance of the sky.
1) The document is a chapter from an astronomy textbook about Mercury, Venus, Mars and the Moon. It contains multiple choice questions about characteristics of these bodies.
2) Mercury's surface most resembles the Moon's far side because they are both heavily cratered. Mercury is hard to observe from Earth because it is always close to the Sun.
3) Neither the Moon nor Mercury have atmospheres, contributing to their cratered surfaces. The lack of atmosphere also causes extreme temperature variations on Mercury.
The document discusses planetary motion and the movement of celestial bodies. It describes how early astronomers like Ptolemy, Copernicus, and Kepler developed models of the solar system. Johannes Kepler developed his three laws of planetary motion, establishing that planets orbit the sun in ellipses. Isaac Newton later explained that gravity is the force that causes planets to orbit the sun. The document also discusses the Earth's rotation, revolution, and axial tilt, which cause seasons. It describes the moon's orbit and how its phases, tides, and eclipses occur due to the positions of the Earth, moon, and sun.
The document discusses facts about the Earth and Moon. It begins by providing basic information about the spherical shape and orbital motion of the Earth, and its rotation on its axis that causes the day-night cycle. It then discusses details about the Moon, including that it is Earth's only natural satellite, its composition of rock and craters, and how its phases are caused by the varying angles of illumination by the Sun as the Moon orbits Earth. The document uses various links and videos to illustrate and explain these concepts to students.
The document discusses facts about the Earth and the Moon. It begins by providing basic information about the spherical shape and rotation of the Earth, and states that the Earth's rotation causes the sun and moon to appear to move through the sky. It then provides more details about the Earth, such as that it takes 365 days to orbit the sun and is mostly covered in water. Facts about the Moon are also given, including that its name is the Moon, it has different regions like maria, and its phases are caused by its revolution around the Earth.
The document discusses facts about the Earth and Moon. It begins by providing basic information about the spherical shape and orbital motion of the Earth, and its rotation on its axis that causes the day-night cycle. It then discusses details about the Moon, including that it is Earth's only natural satellite, its composition of rock and craters, and how its phases are caused by the varying angles of illumination by the Sun as the Moon orbits Earth. The document uses various links and videos to help explain these concepts to students in an engaging way.
The document discusses facts about the Earth and the Moon. It begins by providing basic information about the spherical shape and orbital movement of the Earth, and its rotation on its axis that causes the day-night cycle. It then discusses details about the Moon, including that it is Earth's only natural satellite, its composition of rock and craters, and how its phases are caused by the positioning of the Moon in relation to the Sun and Earth during its orbit. The document uses various links and videos to help explain these concepts to students in an engaging way.
The document discusses facts about the Earth and Moon. It begins by providing basic information about the spherical shape and orbits of the Earth and Moon. It then discusses the rotation of the Earth on its axis, which causes day and night and the apparent movement of the sun and moon across the sky. The document also provides details about the Moon, including its phases and how they are caused by the positioning of the Moon in relation to the Earth and Sun during its orbit.
1. Astronomy is the science that studies the universe outside of our planet. It deals with heavenly bodies.
2. Some examples of astronomical phenomena that can be observed without a telescope include the diurnal motion of stars, the annual motion of Earth orbiting the sun, precession of the equinoxes, and the changing phases of the moon as it revolves around Earth.
3. The moon appears to change shape throughout the month in a cycle called phases, from new moon when it is not illuminated to full moon when the entire side facing Earth is lit by the sun.
The document defines key terms related to the Earth such as equinox, moon eclipse, core, and ocean trench. It then provides information about the layers of the Earth's geosphere and answers questions about the Earth's orbit, the moon's orbit, the causes of seasons, and other facts. Some questions are about a diagram showing the Earth's tilt and rotation and how it impacts seasons in different hemispheres.
The document provides information about maps and geography. It defines key map terms like scale, cardinal directions, components of a map, and how symbols are used. It distinguishes between different types of maps like physical, thematic, and political maps. Maps are explained to be more useful than globes for studying specific areas due to their level of detail. Thematic maps provide detailed information on topics like forest distribution. A compass is used to find main directions, and a scale is necessary for maps but not sketches or symbols.
This document provides instructions for students on the first day of an Earth Science class. It includes directions for students to find and label their seat, make a name tag, and fill out an index card with personal information. The document outlines classroom rules and procedures, such as arriving on time, respecting others, and asking permission to move around the room. It also lists required class supplies, provides an overview of the units that will be covered during the year, and describes homework, lab, quiz, and test grading policies. General lab safety rules are outlined.
This document is an Earth Science syllabus that outlines the course details and expectations for students. The syllabus introduces Ms. Gill as the teacher and describes the course as a challenging but fun Regents-level class. It provides supplies needed, resources available to students, the curriculum topics that will be covered over the year, basic class rules, and the grading policy. It emphasizes the importance of organization, hard work, and asking questions to succeed. Parents are asked to review the syllabus and return the signed bottom portion.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in science including observation, inference, prediction, classification, measurement, the metric system, rounding, and scientific notation. It discusses observational skills and how scientists make inferences, predictions, and classifications. It also covers measurement units and conversions, rounding procedures, and how to write numbers in scientific notation. The overall document serves as an overview of foundational scientific thinking and processes.
The document provides an introduction and overview for a science class. It includes definitions and examples of key science concepts like observation, inference, prediction, classification, measurement, mass, temperature, states of matter, and scientific notation. The summary also notes vocabulary terms that will be covered. Overall, the document outlines foundational science concepts and vocabulary to prepare students for the upcoming class.
This document is a note packet for a unit on geologic history from an Earth Science class. It includes vocabulary words and concepts related to relative dating techniques, the geologic time scale, fossil records, evolution of life on Earth, and absolute dating using radioactive isotopes. Key events covered are the formation of Earth and development of its atmosphere, variations and evolution of life forms through geologic time as evidenced by fossils, and methods for correlating and dating rock layers both relatively and absolutely.
The document summarizes Earth's geologic history condensed into one calendar year. Key events include:
- By March, oceans formed but no life existed on the barren planet.
- First life emerged in April in the form of single-celled organisms near ocean vents.
- By December, more complex sea creatures evolved and the first plants colonized land despite heavy rains.
- On December 31st, early humans appeared in the last hour of the year along with Neanderthals and cave drawings. Modern civilizations emerged in the final minutes.
The document discusses dynamics of the Earth's crust and evidence of its motion over time. It provides examples of marine fossils found in high elevations as evidence of crustal uplift. Sedimentary layers deposited horizontally also indicate regions were once under water. Earthquakes provide direct evidence of crustal movement through effects like fault lines and changes in land elevation recorded after quakes.
This document is a note packet about plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanoes. It contains definitions of key vocabulary terms and explanations of plate tectonic concepts like continental drift, seafloor spreading, and plate boundary types. It also discusses mantle convection cells, hot spots, local evidence of crustal motions, and the two processes that cause earthquakes. The packet provides students with essential information about dynamic earth processes in 3 pages of outlined notes.
The document discusses dynamics of the Earth including evidence of crustal motions such as uplift and erosion that create mountains and sedimentary layers. It explains how marine fossils found in high elevations provide evidence of crustal movement over time. Earthquakes are described as being caused by the movement of tectonic plates and release of stress that builds in rocks, sending seismic waves that can be used to locate an earthquake's epicenter. The layers of the Earth are also outlined, with the crust varying in thickness and composition in different regions.
The document is a plate tectonics exercise that asks students to calculate how far the Eurasian Plate will move in different time periods based on its rate of movement of 3 cm per year. It asks the direction the plate is moving, and then has the student calculate the distance after 100 years (300 cm), 1,000 years (3,000 cm), 1 million years (3,000,000 cm), and 1 billion years (30,000,000,000 cm).
The document discusses the theory of the ancient supercontinent Pangea, which existed around 250 million years ago. All the continents were joined together in a "C" shape with a central sea called Tethys. Pangea's massive size meant dry inland areas and allowed animals to migrate between poles. The exercise has students cut out continents and try reconstructing Pangea, comparing their results to the provided reconstruction. Additional evidence like matching fossils and rock sequences between continents that were once joined supports the supercontinent theory.
This document provides directions for students to label features on maps and cross-section profiles, including the mid-atlantic ridge, subduction zones, trenches, and areas of youngest, oldest, and continental crust. Students are asked to draw a line indicating sea level and label identifiable geological features.
This document provides instructions for an investigation into Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift and the existence of the supercontinent Pangaea. Students are asked to cut out continents from a page of "continental pieces" and fit them together based on matching boundaries, fossils, and glacial patterns to recreate Pangaea, as Wegener had done using available evidence. They are then to glue the recreated continents and a key to a separate piece of paper and answer questions about which continents fit together best and other evidence that could support the existence of Pangaea.
This document provides instructions for a classroom activity where students will label ocean basin features on three profiles and maps. Students are asked to match maps with profiles, draw a line indicating sea level, and label landforms and ocean zones. They also answer questions about crust types and relative depths. The activity aims to teach students about the structure of ocean basins through hands-on labeling and mapping.
This document contains a worksheet for students to answer questions about tectonic plates based on a map on the back of the sheet. The questions ask students to identify different types of plate boundaries based on line thickness on the map, features characteristic of convergent and divergent boundaries, plates framed by convergent boundaries, specific plate boundaries, and distances between continental plates.
The document is a worksheet containing 11 multiple choice questions about the properties of Earth's interior layers based on a diagram. The questions ask about how temperature and pressure change with depth, the depth of boundaries between layers, observed temperatures, melting points, densities, compositions, and phases of the different layers.
This document is a note packet about plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanoes for an Earth Science class. It includes vocabulary words and information about plate tectonics theory, evidence for seafloor spreading, types of plate boundaries and plate motions, mantle convection cells, and hot spots. The packet contains diagrams and questions to help students understand key concepts about the dynamic nature of the Earth's interior and crust.
The document summarizes the structure and composition of Earth's interior. It has four main layers from innermost to outermost - the solid inner core made of iron and nickel, the liquid outer core also made of iron and nickel, the solid mantle made of iron, silicon and magnesium minerals, and the rigid outer crust made of lighter rock. Temperature and pressure increase from the crust towards the core. The crust is thinnest under oceans and thickest under mountains.
This document provides information about Earth's spheres and mapping locations on Earth. It discusses the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It describes latitude and longitude and how they are used in a coordinate system to locate positions on Earth. It also covers topics like time zones, topographic maps, and drawing contour lines.
Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks through recrystallization caused by heat and pressure, without melting. There are two types of metamorphism: regional metamorphism occurs over large areas with extreme heat and pressure, as in mountain building; contact metamorphism occurs only near intrusions and does not melt the rock. During metamorphism, new mineral crystals form and original structures can be distorted, resulting in foliated rocks like schist. Limestone becomes marble, sandstone becomes quartzite, and shale becomes slate through metamorphism. Fossils are not found in metamorphic rocks as the heat and pressure would destroy them.
1. Name:_____________________________________________________________
Period:____________ Date:________________
Unit 2: Astronomy Moon Practice Questions
1. The diagram below shows the Moon as it revolves around Earth. The numbered locations represent
different positions of the Moon in its orbit.
Which Moon phase would be seen by an observer in New York State when the Moon is at position 2?
1) 2) 3) 4)
2. Which object is closest to Earth? 5. Which sequence of Moon phases could be observed
1) the Moon 2) Venus from Earth during a 2-week period?
3) the Sun 4) Mars
3. The diagram below shows the Moon at four positions
in its orbit around Earth.
1)
2)
3)
4)
6. The same side of the Moon always faces Earth
because the
An observer on Earth could see a solar eclipse when
1) Moon’s period of rotation is shorter than its
the Moon is at position
period of revolution around Earth
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 2) Moon rotates once as it completes one revolution
around Earth
4. One complete lunar cycle takes approximately...
3) Moon does not rotate as it completes one
1) 24 days 2) 27.3 revolution around Earth
3) 29.5 4) 24 hours 4) Moon’s period of rotation is longer than its
period of revolution around Earth
Page 1
2. Base your answer to questions 7 and 8 on the diagram below, which has lettered arrows showing the
motions of Earth and the Moon.
7. Which lettered arrow represents the motion that causes the Moon to show phases when view from Earth
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
8. Which two motions are completed in about the same amount of time?
1) A and B 2) B and C 3) A and D 4) C and D
9. The diagram below shows Earth’s orbit around the
Sun and different positions of the Moon as it travels
around Earth. Letters A through D represent four
different positions of the Moon.
An eclipse of the Moon is most likely to occur when
the Moon is at position
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
Page 2
3. Base your answer to questions 10 through 12 the diagram below, which shows Earth in orbit around
on
the Sun, and the Moon in orbit around Earth. M 1, M 2, M 3, and M 4 indicate positions of the Moon in its
on Letter A indicates a location on Earth’s surface.
10. n observer at location A noticed that the apparent size of the Moon varied slightly from month to month
A
when the Moon was at position M4 in its orbit. Which statement best explains this variation in the
apparent size of the Moon?
1) The Moon expands in summer and contracts in winter.
2) The Moon shows complete cycles of phases throughout the year.
3) The Moon’s distance from Earth varies in a cyclic manner.
4) The Moon’s period of rotation is equal to its period of revolution.
11. t which Moon position could a solar eclipse be seen from Earth?
A
1) M 1 2) M 2 3) M 3 4) M 4
12. n observer at location A on Earth views the Moon when it is at position M 3. Which phase of the Moon
A
will the observer see?
1) 2) 3) 4)
Page 3
4. 13. The photographs below show the surface of the Moon as seen from Earth over an 80-minute period
during a single night.
Which motion is responsible for this changing appearance of the Moon?
1) The Sun moves into the shadow of Earth.
2) The Moon moves into the shadow of Earth.
3) The Moon moves into the shadow of the Sun.
4) The Sun moves into the shadow of the Moon.
14. Which arrangement of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth 15. The diagrams below represent Earth’s ocean tides at
results in the highest high tides, and the lowest low four different positions of the Moon. Which diagram
tides on Earth? (Diagrams are not drawn to scale.) shows the Moon position that will produce the highest
1) high tides and the lowest iow tides? (The diagrams
are not drawn to scale.)
2)
1)
3)
2)
4)
3)
4)
Page 4
5. 16. The diagram below shows the Moon at four positions 17. The diagram below shows the Moon orbiting Earth,
in its orbit around Earth as viewed from above the as viewed from space above Earth’s North Pole. The
North Pole. The date of one of the four positions has Moon is shown at eight positions in its orbit.
been labeled.
Spring ocean tides occur when the difference in
Which photograph shows the appearance of the height between high tide and low tide is greatest. At
Moon as viewed by an observer in which two positions of the Moon will spring tides
New York State on May 17, 2000? occur on Earth?
1) 1) 1 and 5 2) 2 and 6
3) 3 and 7 4) 4 and 8
2)
3)
4)
Page 5
6. 18. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the Moon, Earth, and
the Sun’s rays as viewed from space. Letter A indicates a certain position of the Moon in its orbit.
Which diagram correctly shows the direction of Earth’s rotation and revolution?
1) 2)
3) 4)
Page 6
7. 19. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows two days of tidal data
from a coastal location in the northeastern United States.
The change in the tides as shown on the graph is primarily the result of
1) the Moon’s rotation and Earth’s revolution
2) the Moon’s rotation and revolution
3) Earth’s rotation and revolution
4) Earth’s rotation and the Moon’s revolution
20. Diagram 1 shows the Moon in its orbit at four positions labeled A, B, C, and D. Diagram 2 shows a
phase of the Moon as viewed from New York State.
At which labeled Moon position would the phase of the Moon shown in diagram 2 be observed from
New York State?
1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C
Page 7
8. Base your answer to questions 21 and 22 on the world map below, which shows regions of Earth
where a solar eclipse was visible on May 20, 1947. Location A, B, C, and D are on Earth's surface.
21. Which diagram best represents the positions of Earth (E), the Sun, and the Moon that created the solar
eclipse? (Diagrams are not drawn to scale.)
1) 2)
3) 4)
22. Which statement best describes the visibility of this eclipse from locations in New York State?
1) A partial eclipse was visible only from noon until sunset.
2) A total eclipse was visible all day.
3) A total eclipse was visible only from noon until sunset.
4) Neither a partial nor a total eclipse was visible.
Page 8
9. Base your answer to questions 23 and 24 on the diagram below, which shows Earth and the Moon in
relation to the Sun. Positions A, B, C, and D show the Moon at specific locations in its orbit. Point X is a
location on Earth's surface.
23. Which phase of the Moon would be observed on Earth when the Moon is at location A?
24. A solar eclipse might occur when the Moon is at location
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
25. The diagram below represents the Sun’s rays striking Earth and the Moon. Numbers 1 through 4
represent positions of the Moon in its orbit around Earth.
The highest tides on Earth occur when the Moon is in positions
1) 1 and 3 2) 2 and 4 3) 3 and 2 4) 4 and 1
Page 9