The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The upper respiratory tract includes organs outside the thoracic cavity like the oral cavity, nose, and larynx. The lower respiratory tract includes organs inside the thoracic cavity like the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Accessory organs that support the respiratory system include the nose, pharynx, and larynx. The main functions of the respiratory system are to allow for gas exchange through breathing and to warm, humidify, and filter air before it reaches the lungs. Common diseases of the respiratory system result from inflammation and infection of the upper and lower airways.

1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2. Upper respiratory tract
organs outside the thoracic cavity
Lower respiratory tract
• oral cavity,
• rib cage,
• and diaphragm.
organs within the thoracic cavity:
• trachea,
• bronchial tree,
• and lungs.
Accessory organs
organs that complement
the respiratory system
• nose,
• nasopharynx,
• oropharynx,
• laryngopharynx,
• and larynx.

4. • Filtration—the cilia of the
nasal cavity trap dust and
particles before the air enter
the trachea.
• Humidification—moistens
air before entering the
lungs.
• Warming—superficial
blood vessels in the nasal
cavity serve to warm the air
before entering the lungs.
• Sound production
• Olfaction—allows for the
sense of smell
• Homeostasis—aids in the
regulation of pH.
•
1.Air distribution and air exchange.
Functions of the respiratory system

5. Larynx—the voice-box contains the vocal cords, which vibrate to make speech.

6. Respiratory control center—located in the medulla oblongata that controls:
• the rhythm and deep of breathing in response to changes in oxygen carbon dioxide,
• and pH of the blood
• and cerebrospinal fluid.

7. 1. Pharyngitis
2. Laryngitis
3. Rhinitis
4. Sinusitis
5. Bronchitis
6. Pneumonia
Major diseases of the respiratory system
INFLAMMATION
1. —iinflam obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)--- is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes
obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, sputum production and
wheezing. It's caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette
smoke. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two most common conditions that contribute to COPD
2. Emphysema—a chronic pulmonary disease characterizes by an abnormal increases in the size of the air spaces
distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of its wall.
1. Asthma-- Bronchial spasms and edema resulting in dyspnea and wheezing

8. • Hemoptysis—coughing and spitting of blood from the respiratory tract. In the true Hemoptysis the blood is bright red and
foam with air bubbles.
• Histoplasmosis—a type of pneumonia that may become a systemic disease. Is is caused by inhalation of dust containing
spores of Histoplama capsulatum a fungus commonly seen in caves. It is clinically resembles tuberculosis.
• Hemotherax-- Collection of blood in the pleural cavity.
• Pneumothorax--- Collection of air in pleural space resulting in partial or complete lung collapse.
• Tuberculosis--- Lung disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis resulting in necrosis of lung tissue that may spread
to other body region.
• Pulmonary edema--- Accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary tissue.
• Pulmonary embolism--- A blood clot or undissolved matter located in the pulmonary artery or it branches
• Croup--- Acute viral infection characterized by dyspnea and a barklike cough.
• Pertussis--- Whooping cough; a bacterial lung disease caused by Bordetella pertussis.