The respiratory system has an upper respiratory tract including the nasal passages, pharynx and larynx, and a lower respiratory tract including the trachea and lungs. The primary function is to supply oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide. Breathing involves the diaphragm and intercostal muscles moving air in and out of the lungs. Diseases can be obstructive, restrictive, vascular, or infectious; common respiratory disorders include asthma, colds, bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonia.

3. • Respiration involves the taking in of
oxygen to be used by the cells and the
giving off of carbon dioxide.
• Breathing is letting air in and out of the
body.
• The primary function of the respiratory
system is to supply the blood with
oxygen.

4. Two Subdivisions of Respiratory
System
 Upper Respiratory
Tract
- includes the
nasal passages,
pharynx, larynx

5. - comprised of
the trachea
(windpipe), the
primary bronchi,
and lungs
 Lower Respiratory
Tract

6. There are several organs that work
together to make respiration possible.
It is lined with
mucus and cilia,
which are tiny hairs
that filters particles
in air.
• Nasal Cavity

7. It is known as the
throat.
It contains the
epiglottis, w/c closes
off the opening of the
trachea when you
swallow.
• Pharynx

8. It is known as the
windpipe.
It is made up of muscle,
elastic fibers, and rings
of cartilage.
The trachea is lined with
mucus-secreting cells
and cilia to trap foreign
materials.
• Trachea

9. It is the extension
of the trachea
that divides to
the left and right
lungs and further
branches to form
bronchioles.
• Bronchus

10. These are tiny sacs
inside the lungs
where diffusion of
respiratory gases
occur
• Alveoli

11. The Mechanics of Breathing
• What happens to the
diaphragm when we breathe?

12. Diaphragm
• is a large flat muscle at
the base of the rib cage
• it separates the chest
cavity from the
abdominal cavity

14. • Inhaling and exhaling air actually
involves the movement of a flat
muscle called the diaphragm and the
muscles between the ribs called the
intercostal muscles.
• The diaphragm is a large flat muscle at
the base of the rib cage and it
separates the chest cavity from the
abdominal cavity.

15. • Ventilation is the
mechanics of breathing
in and out.

16. Diseases of the Respiratory
System
Disorders of the respiratory system can
be classified into four general areas:
1. Obstructive conditions
- e.g, emphysema, bronchitis,
asthma attacks
2. Restrictive conditions
- e.g, fibrosis, sarcoidosis, alveolar
damage, pleural effusion

17. 3. Vascular diseases
- e.g, pulmonary edema, pulmonary
embolism, pulmonary
hypertension
4. Infectious, environmental and other
“diseases”
- e.g, pneumonia, tuberculosis,
asbestosis
- the body’s main method to remove
dust, mucus, saliva, and other
debris from the lungs is through
coughing
- inability to cough can lead to
infection

18. Common Respiratory Disorders
Ailment Causes/s Symptom/s Prevention and
Treatment
1.
Asthma
Allergies Breathing
difficulty
Balanced diet,
exercise, rest, plenty
of water
2.
Common
colds
Virus
and
Bacteria
Runny nose,
headache, fever
Prescribed medicine,
vaporizer, rest,
plenty of liquid
3.
Bronchiti
s
Bacteria Deep cough
with yellowish
phlegm, fever
and chest pain
Balanced diet, rest,
prescribed medicine

19. Common Respiratory Disorders
Ailment Causes/s Symptom/s Prevention and
Treatment
4.
Emphyse
ma
Long
standing
lung
disease,
smoking
Shortness of
breath,
distended
chest, coughing
with phlegm
Antibiotics, rest,
professional medical
supervision
5.
Pneumo
nia
Bacteria
or virus
Coughing, fever
and chills,
sweating, blood
in sputum
Antibiotics, rest,
professional medical
supervision

20. Common Respiratory Disorders
Ailment Causes/s Symptom/s Prevention and
Treatment
6.
Tuberculo
sis
Bacteria Frequent
coughing, dry
cough, chills and
chest pains, fever
at night
Tuberculosis treatment
program, rest and
relaxation, nutritious
food, liquids
7. Throat
infection
Bacteria,
smoking,
inhaling of
polluted
air
Sore throat,
swollen gland,
fever, headache
Antibiotics, plenty of
rest, and liquid, gargling
with warm water

21. Common Respiratory Disorders
Ailment Causes/s Symptom/s Prevention and
Treatment
8.
Tonsilitis
Virus or
bacteria
Swollen tonsils
and glands
Plenty of liquid intake,
antibiotics

22. The Alveoli and Gas
• Hemoglobin is the red-colored
respiratory pigment in humans.
• When leaving the lungs, blood is 97%
saturated with oxygen.

23. • Oxygen from the air gets into the
blood vessels in the alveoli through the
process of diffusion, oxygen is brought
to all the cells of your body by the flow
of the blood.

24. Control of Respiration
• The rate of expansion and constriction
of the lungs is controlled by muscular
contraction and relaxation.

25. Two Systems Controlling
Breathing
 automatic response
- automatic breathing
regulation system allows you to
breathe while you sleep
voluntary response