Learning Objectives are: 1. To understand Resins, their formation in plants and chemistry. 2. To know various types and combinations of resins. 3. To learn and comprehend the pharmacognostic features of various plant containing resins. 4. To have knowledge of various official preparations of resin drugs.

1. L O G O

2. Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives are
1. to understand Resins, their formation in plants
and chemistry.
2. To know various types and combinations of
resins.
3. To learn and comprehend the pharmacognostic
features of various plant containing resins.
4. To have knowledge of various official
preparations of resin drugs.

5. Resin duct
Resin duct

8. Hard , transparent, and brittle.
1
Usually amorphous in nature.
2
Upon, heating resin gets softened and finally
melt.
3
Insoluble in water but solublen organic
solvents like alcohol, ether and chloroform.
4
5
In the presence of fir or oxygen, they burn
with smoke due to large number of carbon.

9. Chemical Composition:-
Resin acid
Resin alcohol
Resenes
Resins are
complex mixture
of:

10. Resin:
chemistry
Also called resinolic acids,
 Are of high molecular weight
and very complex.
They may occur free, or in some
resins, e.g. 90 per cent or more of
colophony consists of the resin
acid; abietic acid.
Examples of resin acid:-
1. abietic acid
2. Commiphorie acid
1.Resin
acid:

11. Resin:
chemistry
Complex alcohols of higher
molecular weight.
Occur either in Free State or
as esters with aromatic acid
e.g. cinnamic acid and
benzoic acid.
Ferulic acid in asafoetida
2.Resin
alcohols:

12. They are tannins in nature and give blue color
with FeCl3.
Named after their source:
1.Toluresinotannols obtained from tolubalsam,
2.Sumaresinotannol from Sumatra
Resin alcohols:
classification
They are colourless and give negative reaction
with ferric salt
E.g. benzoresinol form styrex benzoin.
2.Resinols
1.Resinotannols

13. Resin:
chemistry
They are oxygenated compounds
and do not form salt or esters and
insoluble in alkali.
They are resistant to different climate
conditions and heat, moisture and
chemical reagents that is why they are
used in manufacturing varnishes
They are named from their source
e.g. dracoresene: from daemonorops
Draco, Sandaracorese from sandarac
3.Resenes:
Resin Composition cont...

14. Resins
Classified as
Oleoresins Balsams
Oleogum
resins
Glycoresins

15. OLEORESINS
Ginger
Capsicum
Turpentine
Rosin
Asafoetida
Myrrh
Jalap
Podophyllum
Ipomea
Cannabis
Benzoin
Peru balsam
Storax
Tolu balsam
Oleogum
resins Glycoresins Balsams

17. Ginger
Botanical origin: Zingiber officinale
Family: Zingiberaceae
Parts used: Dried rhizome.
Description:
Herbaceous perennial
Occur- branched pieces
Colour- pale yellow
Odour- aromatic
Taste- pungent

18. Constituents:

19. O
(CH2)4-CH3
HO
H3CO
Shagaol

20. How oleoresin is obtained?
Portion of the
solvent extract
is drawn off
when it contains
10% of the solid
material.
It is then
extracted
using
alcohol/aceton
e as a solvent.
Dried ginger
is gruond
to a coarse
powder.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Solvent is
evaporated to
obtain a
massy,
resinous
material.
Step 2

21. Ginger-uses
Aromatic
Condiment
Carminative
Stimulant

22. Ginger-uses cont.
Anti-emetic
Diarrhoea
As fragrant compound in cosmetic
products including soaps, detergents,
creams, lotions and perfumes.
used in preparation of soft drinks,
e.g:Ginger ale:sugar, ginger extract and
carbonated water

23. Tinctura
Zingiberis (U. S.
P.)—Tincture of
Ginger
Oleoresin of
Ginger-U.S.P
Preparation: Powdered
ginger macerated and
percolated with alcohol.
Uses: Carminative,
stimulant, preparation of
ginger syrup
Dose: 10 to 60 drops in a
sweetend drink
Preparation: Ginger
powder extraction with
ether/alcohol.
Uses: same as ginger.
Dose: 1 minim well
diluted

25. Botanical Origin: Capsicum annum
Capsicum frutesens
Family: Solanaceae
Parts used: Dried Ripen fruit
Descripttion:
•Colour- orange, red
•Odour- aromatic
•Taste –pungent,
irritating

26. Capsaicin: a pungent principal which is
presnt in higher amount in dissepiments.
It also contains:
 volatile oil,
 fixed oil,
 carateniods,
 ascorbic acid.

27. The solvent is
then evaporated,
and the
remaining wax
like resin is the
oleoresin-
capsicum
This powder
undergoes
extraction in an
organic solvent
such as ethanol.
Capsicum is
finely ground.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

28. Condiment. Carminative
Ointment for
rheumatism,
Neuralgia
and lumbigo
Migraine
and headache.

29. Fluid Extract of
Capsicum U.S.P
Preparation: Powdered
capsicum is macerated and
percolated with alcohol and
diluted.
Uses: All uses of capsicum.
Dose: ½ to 2 minims
Official Preparation:

31. Botanical origin: Ferula foetida
Ferula asafoetida
Family: Apiaceae
Parts used: Oleogum resin from rhizome n
roots
Plant description:
Herbaceous perennia
Odour-Pungent when ra
Colour- fresh resin is white,
turns amber when dries.
Asafoetida

32. Constituents:
Contain volatile oil, gums and resins.
The principle constituents of
volatile oil is isobutyl propyl
disulphide.
The principle constituents of resins
are asaresinol, asaresene, ferulic
acid, and isoferrulic acid.

33. Structure:
COOH
OCH3
HO
COOH
H3CO
HO
Ferulic acid
Iso-Ferulic acid

34. Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
•. When the leaves begin to decay, the root-
leaves and stem are twisted off close to the
root.soil is removed.
• The gum-resin is obtained by incisions into the upper
part of the root, or by slicing it successively in small
pieces
• A milky juice of a fetid, alliaceous odor gradually
exudes.
• When this exudation hradens, it is scraped off, and
another thin slice removed as before, from which
juice again flows,
• process is repeated until no more juice can be
obtained
How oleoresin is obtained??
Step 5
• . The concrete juice from several plants are the
put together, further hardened and carried aw

35. Asafoetida: Uses
Carminative Expectorant. Antiseptic

36. Asafoetida: Uses
Laxative.
Flavouring agent
in certain
dairy products
Use in veterinary
Medicine.

37. Pills of
Asafoetida
U.S.P
EMULSION OF
ASAFETIDA
U.S.P
Preparation: Asafoetida
and powdered hard soap
distilled with water.
Uses: Flatulent
indigestion.
Dose: 1 to 2 pills
Preparation: Asafoetida
tears distilled with water
Uses: This is best
preparation of asafoetida,
used as enema.
Dose: ½ to 1 fluid ounce
Official preparations of Asafoetida:

38. L O G O
1. Trease and Evans’ Pharmacognosy, William C.
Evans, George E. Trease, Daphne Evans, 16th ed.,
Illustrated Elsevier Health Sciences Division
Publisher (2009).
2. Tyler V.E., Brady E.R. and Robbers J.E.
Pharmacognosy, 9th ed., Lea & Febiger,
Philadelphia
3. Biologically Active Natural Products:
Pharmaceuticals, Horace G. Cutler, Eds., Illustrated
Edition, CRC Press Publisher, New York (2000).