The document provides guidance on summarizing the key parts of a research study report, including findings, conclusions, and recommendations. It recommends that the summary of findings be brief, concise, and pinpoint the contributions of the research. For the conclusions section, it advises stating how the study has contributed to knowledge. Recommendations should suggest how the work can be improved and identify areas for further investigation.
Its a investigation paper that has to be done following this format.docxsleeperfindley
Its a investigation paper that has to be done following this format:
Table of Contents
Introduction
(It is recommended to consider the following aspects:
• Brief overview of the topic where the problem is to be investigated.
• Importance of the theme, its validity and current affairs.
• Purpose or purpose of the research).
4.4. Project Body
4.4.1. The problem
4.4.1.1. Problem Statement
It consists of broadly describing the situation under study, placing it in a context that allows understanding their origin and relationships. During the drafting, it is desirable that the judgments issued be backed with data or figures from previous studies.
In posing the problem, it is recommended to answer the following questions:
What are the elements of the problem: data, situations and concepts related to it?
What are the previous facts that relate to the problem?
What is the current situation?
What is the relevance of the problem?
4.5 goals
The research objectives are goals that the researcher traces in relation to the aspects that he wants to investigate and to know. These express a result or "product of the investigative work."
As for its wording, the objectives ... "will translate in an affirmative manner, which expressed the initial questions." (Sabino 1994, 108). For this purpose u will be verbs in infinitive, for example: to know, to characterize, to determine, to establish, to detect, to diagnose, etc.
4.6. Rationale for Research
This section should state the reasons for the research, and its possible contributions from a theoretical or practical point of view.
For your writing, we recommend answering the following questions:
Why is the research done?
What will be your contributions?
Who could benefit?
4.7. Limitations
These are obstacles that may arise during the course of research. The lack of cooperation of the respondents in providing the information is an example of a limitation or obstacle confronted by the researcher.
4.8. Hypothesis
"Hypothesis is a stated proposition to respond tentatively to a problem." (Pardinas, 1991, p.151).
It is important to note that, in general, the formulation of hypotheses is relevant in investigations at the explanatory level, where it is intended to establish causal relationships between variables. In the investigations of exploratory level and in some of character descriptive usually does not pose hypotheses of explicit, that is to say, it works with objectives.
Here are some recommendations for formulating hypotheses:
• They will be written accurately, without using value judgments, for example: good, bad, better, etc.
• Express the variables contained in the problem.
• They must be subject to verification.
4.9. The Theoretical Framework
The theoretical frame of research or reference frame can be defined as the compendium of a series of conceptual elements that serve as the basis for the investigation to be carried out.
This framework is generally .
Its a investigation paper that has to be done following this format.docxsleeperfindley
Its a investigation paper that has to be done following this format:
Table of Contents
Introduction
(It is recommended to consider the following aspects:
• Brief overview of the topic where the problem is to be investigated.
• Importance of the theme, its validity and current affairs.
• Purpose or purpose of the research).
4.4. Project Body
4.4.1. The problem
4.4.1.1. Problem Statement
It consists of broadly describing the situation under study, placing it in a context that allows understanding their origin and relationships. During the drafting, it is desirable that the judgments issued be backed with data or figures from previous studies.
In posing the problem, it is recommended to answer the following questions:
What are the elements of the problem: data, situations and concepts related to it?
What are the previous facts that relate to the problem?
What is the current situation?
What is the relevance of the problem?
4.5 goals
The research objectives are goals that the researcher traces in relation to the aspects that he wants to investigate and to know. These express a result or "product of the investigative work."
As for its wording, the objectives ... "will translate in an affirmative manner, which expressed the initial questions." (Sabino 1994, 108). For this purpose u will be verbs in infinitive, for example: to know, to characterize, to determine, to establish, to detect, to diagnose, etc.
4.6. Rationale for Research
This section should state the reasons for the research, and its possible contributions from a theoretical or practical point of view.
For your writing, we recommend answering the following questions:
Why is the research done?
What will be your contributions?
Who could benefit?
4.7. Limitations
These are obstacles that may arise during the course of research. The lack of cooperation of the respondents in providing the information is an example of a limitation or obstacle confronted by the researcher.
4.8. Hypothesis
"Hypothesis is a stated proposition to respond tentatively to a problem." (Pardinas, 1991, p.151).
It is important to note that, in general, the formulation of hypotheses is relevant in investigations at the explanatory level, where it is intended to establish causal relationships between variables. In the investigations of exploratory level and in some of character descriptive usually does not pose hypotheses of explicit, that is to say, it works with objectives.
Here are some recommendations for formulating hypotheses:
• They will be written accurately, without using value judgments, for example: good, bad, better, etc.
• Express the variables contained in the problem.
• They must be subject to verification.
4.9. The Theoretical Framework
The theoretical frame of research or reference frame can be defined as the compendium of a series of conceptual elements that serve as the basis for the investigation to be carried out.
This framework is generally .
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
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2. Summary of main findings
A researcher should identify the findings of the study and discuss them
briefly.
The methodological problems encountered should be outlined so that
future/others researchers may take the relevant precautions.
The researcher should clearly pinpoint if the objectives were achieved or
not.
Qualities of good summary
It bases on the results from the study
3. Summary of main findings …
It is brief, all statements are concise, and pinpoint to the
contributions that the researcher has made.
All statements are factual
NOTE: One way to present the summary is to use one
paragraph for each idea or
Use a point-by-point format.
4. Conclusion
The conclusion section should be a brief, about half a page.
It should indicates what the study results reaffirm.
It should briefly discuss some of strategies highlighted by the
respondents.
The researcher should clearly state how the study has contributed to
knowledge.
5. Recommendations
This section is often exposes further problems and introduces more
questions.
As a researcher, there is a time limit to the research project, it is unlikely
that the study would have solve all the problems associated with the area of
the study.
The researcher is thus expected to make suggestion about how his work can
be improved, and also based on the study findings, point out whether there
are areas that deserver investigation.
Note: This party should be written using a punchy style and should not be
too long.
6. References
The term reference applies to materials that have been referred to or
quoted in the study.
The references list should contain the most relevant and important
publications. These materials include articles, magazines, journals,
conference proceedings, books, dissertation, theses and research reports.
General order of organizing references
7. References …
1. Surname of the author
2. Initials of the author
3. Date of publication
4. Title of the material
5. Place of publication
6. Publisher
Author’s surname, initials, (year of publication). Title of materials. Place
of publications: Publisher
8. Presentation Format
Journal Articles
1. Surname of the author
2. Initials of the author
3. Year (date) of publication
4. Title of the article: The first letter of the title is capitalized and the lest
lower case.
5. Name of the journal( underlined or italicized). You may use an abbreviated
form for the journal, but make sure it is the recognized one.
9. Presentation format …
6. Volume, followed by number of issue. Instead of issue number,
some journals have a month of issue. In such cases substitute the
month for the issue number.
7. Pages in the journal where the article appear.
Example:
Johnson, U. W., Stanne, M, and Garibaldi, A. (1990). Impact of group
processing on achievement in cooperative groups. Journal of Social
Psychology, 130, 507 - 516
10. Conference proceeding: Papers presented at conferences.
The format is as follows
Author(s),(year), Article title, Name of conference, Location of
conference, page range
Example:
Dore,S.D.,Perkins, J.D. (1994), Application of geometric nonlinear
control in the process industries: a case study, Pro. IFC Symposium,
ADCHEM ‘94, Kyoto, Japan, pp 501-506
11. Books
Format
Surname of author, initials of the author. (year of publication). Title
of the book. Edition number, place of publication, publishers.
Example
Awuondo, C.O. (1993). Introduction to Sociology: Basic Books
Limited.
Gay, L.R. (1992). Educational Research Competence for Analysis and
Applications. 4th Edition, New York: Macmillan Publishers.
12. Dissertations, Theses and Research
Reports
Format
Author(s), (year). Title in italics. Types of publication, Research
group, Name of Institution, Country.
Example
Peel, C. (1995). Aspects of Neutral Networks for Modeling and
Control. PhD Thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
13. Company Reports and Manuals
Format
Name of the company or organization, (year). Title in
italics. Place of publication
Example:
Mathsoft Inc., (1999). Mathcad 2000 Reference Manual.
Cambridge, MA.
14. Information from the World Wide
Web (www)
Format
Name of author(s) or company or organization, (year), Title of the
article, URL, date found.
The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the full Internet address of the
article.
Example
Tham, M.T.(1997). Distillation: an introduction,
http://Iorien.ncl.ac.uk/ming/distil/disti0.htm, 30 May 2001
15. Personal Communications
Format
Name, (year). Personal communication, Affiliation of named person.
Example
Blogg, J. (1996). Personal communication, University College
London, UK.
16. Appendices
This part contains information which may be interest to the reader but
not critical to the study.
Things which are typically included in appendices are;
- tables, figures, the budget and work plan.
- data files that are two large to be presented simply in the result chapter/
- pictures or diagrams of the results which are not important enough to
keep in the main text and time frame.
- research instruments.
17. Format of research proposal
a) Cover page: This page consist of the following
Title : should not be more than twenty words. Should be clear
and focused.
Author(s)
Caption
A research proposal submitted for the degree of (specify e.g Master
of Education) in the School Faculty of, then specify the institution
Date e.g (May, 2018)
18. 2. Declaration
3. Abstract
4. Abbreviations and Acronyms
5. Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study: it intends to indicate where the problem
lies
1.2 Statement of the Problem: It must indicate clearly that there is a
problem
1.3 Purpose and Objective of the Study
19. 1.4 Research Questions and Hypothesis
1.5 Significance of the Study: Shows the importance of the study
when completed
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study: Aims at indicating the
boundaries or limits of the study in terms of the contents, sample
geographic spread and the period to be covered by the study
1.7 Assumptions of the Study
1.8 Conceptual/theoretical frame work
1.9 Definition of terms
20. 7 . Chapter 2: Literature review
This section consists of the current studies that address the issues in the
proposal. Clear gaps in quoted studies should be indicated.
8. Chapter 3: Methodology
This chapter highlights the methodology appropriate to the study. This
includes the following
3.1 Research design
3.2 Location of the study
3.3 Target Population
3.4 Sample Selection
3.5 Research Instruments
3.6 Data Collection Techniques
22. COMPONENTS OF A RESEARCH
REPORT
Preliminary pages
• Title page
It should indicate the following
- Research topic
- Name of the researcher
- Name of institutional that initiated the study (Awarding institution/university)
- Degree requirement
- The date indicating when a final copy of a report was made public.
23. • Declaration
It intends to assure the university that what you have
submitted is your work and that you have not plagiarized the
material.
• Certification
• The supervisor approve your research by certifying that
he/she has read the report and recommends it for acceptance
by the relevant authority.
• Acknowledgement
Give thanks to individuals and organizations which in one
way or the other contributed to the success of your
research work.
• Dedication
24. • Table of contents
• List of tables
• List of figures
• List of abbreviations
• Abstract
• Definition of key concepts/terms used
25. Main body of the report
Chapter 1: Introduction
Back ground to the study
Statement of the problem
Objectives of the study
Hypothesis and/ or research questions
Significance of the study
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Concepts and theory
Previous research findings
26. Chapter 3: Research Methods
Chapter 4: Presentation and analysis of findings
Chapter 5:
Conclusions
Suggestions for further studies
Recommendations