This document provides an overview of a research proposal on implementing visuals to communicate healthcare information. The study aims to: 1) identify why people have trouble understanding healthcare information, 2) determine how to design effective visuals, and 3) produce visual literacy tools to help interpret healthcare information. The literature review discusses visual literacy and its importance. It also examines challenges in understanding healthcare information due to factors like literacy, age, disability, language, culture and emotions. The study argues that visuals can help communicate healthcare information by complementing verbal explanations. The research methodology will involve questionnaires, interviews and document analysis to collect and analyze data on this topic.
This document is a research proposal submitted by Nor Syamimi Binti Samsudin to the MARA University of Technology. The proposal examines how visuals can help interpret healthcare stories for patients. It discusses how patients often struggle to understand complex medical information. The research aims to identify why people have trouble understanding healthcare, how visuals can help interpret medical stories, and how to produce visual materials to help patients. It defines key terms and outlines limitations of integrating medical science and visual art. The proposal significance is in promoting how visuals can help deliver healthcare information in a simple way to benefit others.
In view of advances in artificial intelligence and global connectivity, tomorrow's doctors need to develop skills set that would help them to outperform the AI-gadgets and stay relevant in the 21st Century. Critical thinking, Creative Problem solving, Communication skills and Collaborative team-work are among the top skills needed for healthcare professionals of the future.
Evaluation of the Post Stroke Checklist PSC A Qualitative Studyijtsrd
Background Stroke is a disease that occurs due to hypoxic damage, ischemia, infarction, or hemorrhage and is a major disease that causes diverse squeal such as movement disorders. The World Health Organization WHO estimated that 15 million people worldwide and 130 100000 individuals in India experience a stroke every year. Of these, a third are left permanently disabled, impacting the clients quality of life as well as placing burdens on family, health systems and the wider community.Objective The purpose of study is to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of the PSC with modified referral prompts in clinical practice and assess its relevance to stroke survivors in Odisha. Methods A total of 50 subjects fulfilling criteria were taken from the Department of Occupational Therapy D.O.T , SVNIRTAR for the study. A total 10 Occupational Therapists from Department of Occupational Therapy, SVNIRTAR participated in administrating the PSC. Prior to completing Post Stroke Checklist with the subjects, training to the therapist clinicians demonstrating how PSC would be administered. Mini Mental State Examination was done to determine whether concepts and items were understood by the patients in the same way as the Therapists Clinicians intend to say. Post Stroke Checklist was then administered in a Qualitative face to face interview in all the subjects on one to one basis. Finally, subjects were provided with a satisfaction questionnaire to rate their level of satisfaction for Post Stroke Checklist.Results Patient Satisfaction with the PSC assessment was high, with an average rating of 8.26 10. Patient rating of satisfaction that the PSC identified their needs was also high. Clinician satisfaction with PSC varied greatly between the patients they assessed however satisfaction was generally high. The average rating was found to be 8.8 10 with maximizing the clinician ease to identify the patient needs and making referrals.Conclusion Thus, the finding suggest that PSC is a viable and useful measure for identifying long term stroke care needs in a clinical practice setting. Current study shows that the PSC is able to identify a wide range of unmet needs with life after stroke. Deeksha Tomar | Mr. Rama Kumar Sahu "Evaluation of the Post Stroke Checklist (PSC): A Qualitative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38236.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/38236/evaluation-of-the-post-stroke-checklist-psc-a-qualitative-study/deeksha-tomar
Mental health training of primary healthcare workers in Pakistan, Sri Lanka ...Boris Budosan
This document describes mental health training programs implemented for primary health care workers in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Jordan. It finds that the trainings generally improved workers' mental health knowledge but more sustainable changes in practice required additional factors like ongoing support, motivation from stakeholders, and policy support for integrating mental health into primary care. The World Health Organization view that training is just one factor for successful integration is supported.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
This document summarizes a study on developing a decision support system (DSS) for patient care using electronic health records (EHRs). The authors conducted a survey of doctors, medical staff, and patients which found that a DSS could help doctors spend less time on management and more with patients, and help patients in remote areas without doctors. The DSS was designed with modules to help both doctors and patients make healthcare decisions. An evaluation found the DSS could improve healthcare delivery by making information more accessible and reducing medical errors.
This document discusses challenges around obtaining informed consent from vulnerable populations in medical research. It explores two case studies: research in emergency settings where patients may be temporarily incompetent, and research with cancer patients where illness can impact competency. For both cases, it examines difficulties around ensuring understanding while obtaining consent, and proposes alternatives like deferred consent or waiving consent with additional protections. Throughout, it emphasizes finding the right balance between individual autonomy, beneficence, and justice when conducting research with vulnerable groups.
MRM301T Research Methodology and Biostatistics: Confidentiality 1 22102021ashish7sattee
Ethicists rely heavily on case studies for research and teaching, but using patient information without consent raises confidentiality issues. Obtaining consent is difficult as patients may be incompetent, sensitive details are often essential to cases, and harms include violation of privacy. While public interest in medical ethics exists, there is no consensus on what constitutes public interest to justify publication without consent. Balancing privacy protections with contributions to ethical discussions remains challenging.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
This document is a research proposal submitted by Nor Syamimi Binti Samsudin to the MARA University of Technology. The proposal examines how visuals can help interpret healthcare stories for patients. It discusses how patients often struggle to understand complex medical information. The research aims to identify why people have trouble understanding healthcare, how visuals can help interpret medical stories, and how to produce visual materials to help patients. It defines key terms and outlines limitations of integrating medical science and visual art. The proposal significance is in promoting how visuals can help deliver healthcare information in a simple way to benefit others.
In view of advances in artificial intelligence and global connectivity, tomorrow's doctors need to develop skills set that would help them to outperform the AI-gadgets and stay relevant in the 21st Century. Critical thinking, Creative Problem solving, Communication skills and Collaborative team-work are among the top skills needed for healthcare professionals of the future.
Evaluation of the Post Stroke Checklist PSC A Qualitative Studyijtsrd
Background Stroke is a disease that occurs due to hypoxic damage, ischemia, infarction, or hemorrhage and is a major disease that causes diverse squeal such as movement disorders. The World Health Organization WHO estimated that 15 million people worldwide and 130 100000 individuals in India experience a stroke every year. Of these, a third are left permanently disabled, impacting the clients quality of life as well as placing burdens on family, health systems and the wider community.Objective The purpose of study is to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of the PSC with modified referral prompts in clinical practice and assess its relevance to stroke survivors in Odisha. Methods A total of 50 subjects fulfilling criteria were taken from the Department of Occupational Therapy D.O.T , SVNIRTAR for the study. A total 10 Occupational Therapists from Department of Occupational Therapy, SVNIRTAR participated in administrating the PSC. Prior to completing Post Stroke Checklist with the subjects, training to the therapist clinicians demonstrating how PSC would be administered. Mini Mental State Examination was done to determine whether concepts and items were understood by the patients in the same way as the Therapists Clinicians intend to say. Post Stroke Checklist was then administered in a Qualitative face to face interview in all the subjects on one to one basis. Finally, subjects were provided with a satisfaction questionnaire to rate their level of satisfaction for Post Stroke Checklist.Results Patient Satisfaction with the PSC assessment was high, with an average rating of 8.26 10. Patient rating of satisfaction that the PSC identified their needs was also high. Clinician satisfaction with PSC varied greatly between the patients they assessed however satisfaction was generally high. The average rating was found to be 8.8 10 with maximizing the clinician ease to identify the patient needs and making referrals.Conclusion Thus, the finding suggest that PSC is a viable and useful measure for identifying long term stroke care needs in a clinical practice setting. Current study shows that the PSC is able to identify a wide range of unmet needs with life after stroke. Deeksha Tomar | Mr. Rama Kumar Sahu "Evaluation of the Post Stroke Checklist (PSC): A Qualitative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38236.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/38236/evaluation-of-the-post-stroke-checklist-psc-a-qualitative-study/deeksha-tomar
Mental health training of primary healthcare workers in Pakistan, Sri Lanka ...Boris Budosan
This document describes mental health training programs implemented for primary health care workers in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Jordan. It finds that the trainings generally improved workers' mental health knowledge but more sustainable changes in practice required additional factors like ongoing support, motivation from stakeholders, and policy support for integrating mental health into primary care. The World Health Organization view that training is just one factor for successful integration is supported.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
This document summarizes a study on developing a decision support system (DSS) for patient care using electronic health records (EHRs). The authors conducted a survey of doctors, medical staff, and patients which found that a DSS could help doctors spend less time on management and more with patients, and help patients in remote areas without doctors. The DSS was designed with modules to help both doctors and patients make healthcare decisions. An evaluation found the DSS could improve healthcare delivery by making information more accessible and reducing medical errors.
This document discusses challenges around obtaining informed consent from vulnerable populations in medical research. It explores two case studies: research in emergency settings where patients may be temporarily incompetent, and research with cancer patients where illness can impact competency. For both cases, it examines difficulties around ensuring understanding while obtaining consent, and proposes alternatives like deferred consent or waiving consent with additional protections. Throughout, it emphasizes finding the right balance between individual autonomy, beneficence, and justice when conducting research with vulnerable groups.
MRM301T Research Methodology and Biostatistics: Confidentiality 1 22102021ashish7sattee
Ethicists rely heavily on case studies for research and teaching, but using patient information without consent raises confidentiality issues. Obtaining consent is difficult as patients may be incompetent, sensitive details are often essential to cases, and harms include violation of privacy. While public interest in medical ethics exists, there is no consensus on what constitutes public interest to justify publication without consent. Balancing privacy protections with contributions to ethical discussions remains challenging.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
Zackary Berger gave a seminar on encouraging patient autonomy in practice. He discussed how patient autonomy is viewed in theory as patients evaluating treatment options based on their own values, but in reality patients often do not feel able to make autonomous decisions. The study examined how physicians elicit patient concerns in HIV clinic visits. It found that generic opening questions did not effectively elicit concerns, and physicians did not typically probe further after patients responded that they were "fine". When setting visit agendas, physicians often directed the agenda rather than exploring patient priorities.
This document proposes a research study to measure the effectiveness of using art as a rehabilitative tool in occupational therapy. The study would use a randomized controlled trial design with 60 total participants split between a control group receiving traditional occupational therapy and an intervention group receiving art therapy. Data would be collected through interviews, observations of therapy sessions, and standardized tests to measure physical and mental rehabilitation progress. The results would be analyzed to compare the outcomes of the two treatment approaches and provide evidence on whether art therapy can effectively meet patients' physical and mental health needs in occupational therapy.
Dr. Naveen Gupta is a medical doctor with over 13 years of experience in medical affairs roles. He has worked at companies like Baxalta Bioscience, Baxter India, ResMed India, and 3M India. Currently he is the Manager of Medical Affairs for South Asia at Baxalta Bioscience. He has a MBBS from Motilal Nehru Medical College and an MD in Community Medicine from University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi University. Dr. Gupta has published research papers, delivered presentations at various conferences, and received several awards for his work in medical affairs and business.
In 21st Century, when medical information is freely available to everyone, soft skill-set combined with technical competence is the key to professional success as a clinical care provider. The various components of soft-skills viz, Professionalism Humanism, Communication skills are discussed. Research findings on how to enhance patient satisfaction 8-fold by improving communication skills is highlighted.
European Book Launch - RSD Symposium, Oslodesignforcare
1. The document discusses using design research approaches to rethink healthcare systems and make them more human-centered. It focuses on viewing people as health seekers rather than patients and designing care as a service system.
2. Key points discussed include designing for primary care and recovery experiences, clinical encounters from the perspective of care teams and organizations, and broader healthcare systems.
3. Examples provided include redesigning care for atrial fibrillation patients and a project to improve continuity of care across different providers and settings. The document argues for taking a holistic, systemic approach to healthcare design.
Service quality of hospitals with special reference to Ahmedabad and Ujjain c...Harsha Rathore
The service quality of any organisation is very important for its reputation as well as for its success. There the organization is hospital in which service quality is the most significant feature. Today’s organizations need to be suppler to equip with modern instruments and techniques so that the patients and their attended has satisfied with their treatment. Therefore, hospitals are required to adopt a strategy to improve the quality to satisfy both the needs and comfort of people. The term quality refers to the favourableness' or unfavourableness environment for people. The main aim of this study is to know people’s expectation and perception towards service quality of hospitals of Ahmedabad and Ujjain cities. For this purpose service quality is measured by servqual with parameters: tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The sample size for this study was 300 and primary data was collected from people of Ahmedabad and Ujjain cities. This study revealed the understanding of people towards service quality of public and private hospitals in different parameters like physical appearance of hospital, their staff, material associated with the service (such as reports etc), equipment used in treatment, time of the different services or treatments, error free records, solving peoples problem and showing concern for the patients and their attended. From this study hospital management should know more about the needs and expectations of the peoples and kaizen their services.
Ethical Committee, Code of ethics and Professional conduct In NursingSujata Mohapatra
The document discusses the role and functions of an ethics committee in hospitals in India. It describes how ethics committees ensure research proposals and patient care meet ethical guidelines. They improve quality of care and research. Ethics committees are composed of administrators, clinicians, social workers, nurses and other professionals. They address issues like patient care, research, education and resolving ethical dilemmas. The document provides details on how different ethics committees operate and their goals.
This free book helps doctors and patients to cut through medical jargon, so they can learn to talk to each other. This book will help to improve doctor-patient communication, so that patients can learn to trust their doctors. This will reduce medical errors , and make medical practise more fulfilling for doctors
The pharmaceutical industry has made it very difficult to know what the clinical trial evidence is regarding psychotropics. As a consequence, primary care physicians and other front-line practitioners are at a disadvantage when attempting to adhere to the ethical and scientific mandates of evidence-based prescriptive practice. BARRY DUNCAN and DAVID ANTONUCCIO call for a higher standard of prescriptive care derived from a risk/benefit analysis of clinical trial evidence. The authors assert that current prescribing practices are often empirically unsound and unduly influenced by pharmaceutical company interests, resulting in unnecessary risks to patients. In the spirit of evidenced-based medicine’s inclusion of patient values as well as the movement toward health home and integrated care, a patient bill of rights for psychotropic prescription is presented. Guidelines are offered to raise the bar of care equal to the available science for all prescribers of psychiatric medications. This is a Psychotherapy in Australia reprint of an earlier article.
Click here for a video of the presentation http://heartandsoulofchange.com/content/resources/viewer.php?resource=video&id=97
Click here for a pdf of the slides: http://heartandsoulofchange.com/content/resources/viewer.php?resource=handout&id=127
Family medicine is a medical specialty that provides comprehensive and continuous care for individuals and families. It coordinates care, taking responsibility for managing a patient's total health needs. Family physicians provide personalized care in a cost-effective manner from early detection and diagnosis through chronic disease management and end-of-life care. They care for 95% of patient needs in a community setting while maintaining the doctor-patient relationship as the central focus.
hunter Whitney The Journal of Precision MedicineHunter Whitney
This document discusses the need for improved data visualization tools for precision medicine. It notes that while collecting large amounts of health data, not enough focus has been placed on designing tools to clearly display and make this data digestible and actionable for medical professionals and patients. The article interviews one expert who believes that more funding needs to go towards designing these visualization systems so that the full potential of precision medicine can be realized.
The document discusses integrating occupational health practices into primary health care in the Netherlands. Currently, the two systems are separate, with general practitioners providing primary care and company doctors providing occupational health services. The summary is:
1) There are advantages and disadvantages to the separate Dutch systems, such as GPs not being pressured to provide sick notes but also a lack of communication between the sectors.
2) The document proposes integrating company doctors into primary care to address issues like overlooking work-related causes of illness and providing a point of contact for those without regular occupational services.
3) Examples are given of clients successfully treated by a primary care company doctor by addressing both health and work-related issues. The integration could improve
The document describes a proposed smart medical bracelet called i-MED that could help improve medical screening and treatment. i-MED would monitor patients' vital signs, perform blood tests, and use the results along with medical history to assess case severity and priority. It could help reduce emergency department overcrowding and costs by redirecting non-urgent cases. The bracelet would communicate wirelessly with hospitals and could be used to remotely monitor patients or help with screening during scheduled admissions. Its goal is to revolutionize healthcare using cutting-edge technology.
The document discusses the classification of health workers according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). It maps five broad groupings of health occupations: health professionals, health associate professionals, personal care workers, health management and support personnel, and other health service providers. Each occupation group is assigned an ISCO code and examples are given of occupations included in each group. The purpose is to facilitate international comparison of health workforce data.
Triangulation research is all about the integration of data, method, investigators, and settings. there is a description of various types of triangulation and their impact on the validity of the results. there is a slight introduction to meta-analysis and systematic review.
Doctor-patient communication has evolved from a paternalistic model to one emphasizing mutual participation. Effective communication is important for accurate diagnosis, treatment adherence and patient satisfaction. It requires listening skills, managing expectations, and tailoring information to individual patients. While doctors value diagnostic skills most, patients prioritize listening. Shared decision-making is preferred but preferences vary between patients. Qualitative research is needed to fully understand patient satisfaction.
This 45-minute lesson plan aims to teach 11th and 12th grade students about health professional shortages in Iowa. Students will take a pre-test, learn about shortage areas and loan repayment programs, play a health professions identification game using descriptive scenarios, work in groups to research and present on various professions, and complete a post-test. The lesson utilizes various materials like medical tools and information packets to actively engage students in learning about careers like physicians, dentists, nurses, psychologists and their education requirements, roles, pay, and how they address community needs.
Audience research evaluation of questionnaire results (cloven) elliereedx
- The document analyzes the results of a questionnaire given to the film group's target audience about their preferences and behaviors related to horror films.
- 50% of respondents were male and 50% female, with most (40%) between ages 15-17. 60% preferred the horror genre and named "Cloven" as their favorite of the potential film titles.
- Demonic possession was the most enjoyed horror subgenre (50%), and Evil Dead the most popular existing horror film (40%). 70% said a movie trailer would encourage watching a film.
This document discusses the opportunity for a new protein-based shake business called Shake Factory. It notes that while some healthier juice alternatives exist, there is a lack of high-protein shake options for people on the go. Shake Factory aims to fill this gap by offering great-tasting protein shakes that can serve as meal replacements or post-workout recovery drinks. The target consumer segments are active lifestyle gym-goers aged 18-45, time-poor corporates seeking healthy meals, and athletes of all ages looking for proper nutrition to aid recovery.
Zackary Berger gave a seminar on encouraging patient autonomy in practice. He discussed how patient autonomy is viewed in theory as patients evaluating treatment options based on their own values, but in reality patients often do not feel able to make autonomous decisions. The study examined how physicians elicit patient concerns in HIV clinic visits. It found that generic opening questions did not effectively elicit concerns, and physicians did not typically probe further after patients responded that they were "fine". When setting visit agendas, physicians often directed the agenda rather than exploring patient priorities.
This document proposes a research study to measure the effectiveness of using art as a rehabilitative tool in occupational therapy. The study would use a randomized controlled trial design with 60 total participants split between a control group receiving traditional occupational therapy and an intervention group receiving art therapy. Data would be collected through interviews, observations of therapy sessions, and standardized tests to measure physical and mental rehabilitation progress. The results would be analyzed to compare the outcomes of the two treatment approaches and provide evidence on whether art therapy can effectively meet patients' physical and mental health needs in occupational therapy.
Dr. Naveen Gupta is a medical doctor with over 13 years of experience in medical affairs roles. He has worked at companies like Baxalta Bioscience, Baxter India, ResMed India, and 3M India. Currently he is the Manager of Medical Affairs for South Asia at Baxalta Bioscience. He has a MBBS from Motilal Nehru Medical College and an MD in Community Medicine from University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi University. Dr. Gupta has published research papers, delivered presentations at various conferences, and received several awards for his work in medical affairs and business.
In 21st Century, when medical information is freely available to everyone, soft skill-set combined with technical competence is the key to professional success as a clinical care provider. The various components of soft-skills viz, Professionalism Humanism, Communication skills are discussed. Research findings on how to enhance patient satisfaction 8-fold by improving communication skills is highlighted.
European Book Launch - RSD Symposium, Oslodesignforcare
1. The document discusses using design research approaches to rethink healthcare systems and make them more human-centered. It focuses on viewing people as health seekers rather than patients and designing care as a service system.
2. Key points discussed include designing for primary care and recovery experiences, clinical encounters from the perspective of care teams and organizations, and broader healthcare systems.
3. Examples provided include redesigning care for atrial fibrillation patients and a project to improve continuity of care across different providers and settings. The document argues for taking a holistic, systemic approach to healthcare design.
Service quality of hospitals with special reference to Ahmedabad and Ujjain c...Harsha Rathore
The service quality of any organisation is very important for its reputation as well as for its success. There the organization is hospital in which service quality is the most significant feature. Today’s organizations need to be suppler to equip with modern instruments and techniques so that the patients and their attended has satisfied with their treatment. Therefore, hospitals are required to adopt a strategy to improve the quality to satisfy both the needs and comfort of people. The term quality refers to the favourableness' or unfavourableness environment for people. The main aim of this study is to know people’s expectation and perception towards service quality of hospitals of Ahmedabad and Ujjain cities. For this purpose service quality is measured by servqual with parameters: tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The sample size for this study was 300 and primary data was collected from people of Ahmedabad and Ujjain cities. This study revealed the understanding of people towards service quality of public and private hospitals in different parameters like physical appearance of hospital, their staff, material associated with the service (such as reports etc), equipment used in treatment, time of the different services or treatments, error free records, solving peoples problem and showing concern for the patients and their attended. From this study hospital management should know more about the needs and expectations of the peoples and kaizen their services.
Ethical Committee, Code of ethics and Professional conduct In NursingSujata Mohapatra
The document discusses the role and functions of an ethics committee in hospitals in India. It describes how ethics committees ensure research proposals and patient care meet ethical guidelines. They improve quality of care and research. Ethics committees are composed of administrators, clinicians, social workers, nurses and other professionals. They address issues like patient care, research, education and resolving ethical dilemmas. The document provides details on how different ethics committees operate and their goals.
This free book helps doctors and patients to cut through medical jargon, so they can learn to talk to each other. This book will help to improve doctor-patient communication, so that patients can learn to trust their doctors. This will reduce medical errors , and make medical practise more fulfilling for doctors
The pharmaceutical industry has made it very difficult to know what the clinical trial evidence is regarding psychotropics. As a consequence, primary care physicians and other front-line practitioners are at a disadvantage when attempting to adhere to the ethical and scientific mandates of evidence-based prescriptive practice. BARRY DUNCAN and DAVID ANTONUCCIO call for a higher standard of prescriptive care derived from a risk/benefit analysis of clinical trial evidence. The authors assert that current prescribing practices are often empirically unsound and unduly influenced by pharmaceutical company interests, resulting in unnecessary risks to patients. In the spirit of evidenced-based medicine’s inclusion of patient values as well as the movement toward health home and integrated care, a patient bill of rights for psychotropic prescription is presented. Guidelines are offered to raise the bar of care equal to the available science for all prescribers of psychiatric medications. This is a Psychotherapy in Australia reprint of an earlier article.
Click here for a video of the presentation http://heartandsoulofchange.com/content/resources/viewer.php?resource=video&id=97
Click here for a pdf of the slides: http://heartandsoulofchange.com/content/resources/viewer.php?resource=handout&id=127
Family medicine is a medical specialty that provides comprehensive and continuous care for individuals and families. It coordinates care, taking responsibility for managing a patient's total health needs. Family physicians provide personalized care in a cost-effective manner from early detection and diagnosis through chronic disease management and end-of-life care. They care for 95% of patient needs in a community setting while maintaining the doctor-patient relationship as the central focus.
hunter Whitney The Journal of Precision MedicineHunter Whitney
This document discusses the need for improved data visualization tools for precision medicine. It notes that while collecting large amounts of health data, not enough focus has been placed on designing tools to clearly display and make this data digestible and actionable for medical professionals and patients. The article interviews one expert who believes that more funding needs to go towards designing these visualization systems so that the full potential of precision medicine can be realized.
The document discusses integrating occupational health practices into primary health care in the Netherlands. Currently, the two systems are separate, with general practitioners providing primary care and company doctors providing occupational health services. The summary is:
1) There are advantages and disadvantages to the separate Dutch systems, such as GPs not being pressured to provide sick notes but also a lack of communication between the sectors.
2) The document proposes integrating company doctors into primary care to address issues like overlooking work-related causes of illness and providing a point of contact for those without regular occupational services.
3) Examples are given of clients successfully treated by a primary care company doctor by addressing both health and work-related issues. The integration could improve
The document describes a proposed smart medical bracelet called i-MED that could help improve medical screening and treatment. i-MED would monitor patients' vital signs, perform blood tests, and use the results along with medical history to assess case severity and priority. It could help reduce emergency department overcrowding and costs by redirecting non-urgent cases. The bracelet would communicate wirelessly with hospitals and could be used to remotely monitor patients or help with screening during scheduled admissions. Its goal is to revolutionize healthcare using cutting-edge technology.
The document discusses the classification of health workers according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). It maps five broad groupings of health occupations: health professionals, health associate professionals, personal care workers, health management and support personnel, and other health service providers. Each occupation group is assigned an ISCO code and examples are given of occupations included in each group. The purpose is to facilitate international comparison of health workforce data.
Triangulation research is all about the integration of data, method, investigators, and settings. there is a description of various types of triangulation and their impact on the validity of the results. there is a slight introduction to meta-analysis and systematic review.
Doctor-patient communication has evolved from a paternalistic model to one emphasizing mutual participation. Effective communication is important for accurate diagnosis, treatment adherence and patient satisfaction. It requires listening skills, managing expectations, and tailoring information to individual patients. While doctors value diagnostic skills most, patients prioritize listening. Shared decision-making is preferred but preferences vary between patients. Qualitative research is needed to fully understand patient satisfaction.
This 45-minute lesson plan aims to teach 11th and 12th grade students about health professional shortages in Iowa. Students will take a pre-test, learn about shortage areas and loan repayment programs, play a health professions identification game using descriptive scenarios, work in groups to research and present on various professions, and complete a post-test. The lesson utilizes various materials like medical tools and information packets to actively engage students in learning about careers like physicians, dentists, nurses, psychologists and their education requirements, roles, pay, and how they address community needs.
Audience research evaluation of questionnaire results (cloven) elliereedx
- The document analyzes the results of a questionnaire given to the film group's target audience about their preferences and behaviors related to horror films.
- 50% of respondents were male and 50% female, with most (40%) between ages 15-17. 60% preferred the horror genre and named "Cloven" as their favorite of the potential film titles.
- Demonic possession was the most enjoyed horror subgenre (50%), and Evil Dead the most popular existing horror film (40%). 70% said a movie trailer would encourage watching a film.
This document discusses the opportunity for a new protein-based shake business called Shake Factory. It notes that while some healthier juice alternatives exist, there is a lack of high-protein shake options for people on the go. Shake Factory aims to fill this gap by offering great-tasting protein shakes that can serve as meal replacements or post-workout recovery drinks. The target consumer segments are active lifestyle gym-goers aged 18-45, time-poor corporates seeking healthy meals, and athletes of all ages looking for proper nutrition to aid recovery.
Audience research evaluation of questionnaire results (cloven) elliereedx
- The document analyzes the results of a questionnaire given to the film group's target audience about their preferences and behaviors related to horror films.
- 50% of respondents were male and 50% female, with most (40%) between ages 15-17. 60% preferred the horror genre and named "Cloven" as their favorite proposed film title.
- Regarding horror subgenres, 50% most enjoyed demonic possession stories, and 40% named "Evil Dead" as their favorite existing horror film. 70% said a movie trailer would encourage them to watch a film.
The document discusses initial costume designs for characters in the film trailer "Cloven". It describes designing gloomy, dull costumes to fit the horror genre. Marcus wears a t-shirt and shorts to represent his masculinity. Hayley's costume is brighter to contrast her outgoing personality with the shy Sam. Vinnie is dressed casually rather than for camping to show he is an outsider. Ben's outfit resembles Marcus' but with a coat to show he is sporty but sensible. The costumes aim to reflect each character's personality while mostly keeping to a camping theme with some casual elements to represent the characters as teenagers.
Music magazine audience research (questionnaire results)elliereedx
- The questionnaire results showed that 60% of respondents were male and the most popular music genres were punk rock (50%) and rock (40%).
- 40% of respondents purchased music magazines weekly and 40% purchased monthly, showing regular spending on magazines. Most would pay between £1-£2 for a fortnightly magazine.
- Reviews of albums/downloads and interviews with artists (both at 40%) most encouraged reading the magazine. Kerrang! was the most popular magazine at 50%. Having a male group on the cover would encourage 60% to buy the magazine.
Audience research evaluation of questionnaire results (cloven) elliereedx
- The document analyzes the results of a questionnaire given to the film group's target audience about their preferences and behaviors related to horror films.
- 50% of respondents were male and 50% female, with most (40%) between ages 15-17. 60% preferred the horror genre and named "Cloven" as their favorite of the potential film titles.
- Regarding horror subgenres, 50% most enjoyed demonic possession films, and Evil Dead was the most popular existing film cited. Most respondents said trailers would encourage watching a film.
1. The document discusses structures, loads, stresses, strains and material properties related to mechanics of materials.
2. It defines key terms like stress, strain, elastic modulus and explains stress-strain relationships. Common stress types like tensile, compressive, shear and their effects are described.
3. Examples of different structures like cylinders, spheres, arches, towers and bridges are provided to illustrate stress distributions and effects of loads. Material properties of common materials are also listed.
How did you attract/address your audience?elliereedx
This document summarizes how the author addressed their target audience of 16-25 year old males in their music magazine "Pitch". They took inspiration from the magazine Kerrang, which targets a similar audience, using a casual language style and eye-catching visuals. On the front cover, the author used bold fonts, complementary colors, and an image of a band that represented the target age and interests. Throughout the magazine, they included pull quotes, informal vocabulary, and repeated their web address to appeal to their technophile audience. The goal was to make the magazine feel welcoming, genuine, and representative of their target audience.
How did you attract/address your audience?elliereedx
Kerrang magazine inspired the structure and content of the author's music magazine "Pitch" as they target a similar audience. Kerrang addresses 16-25 year old males using casual language and eye-catching designs. The author aimed to attract this same audience for Pitch.
On the front cover, the author used bold fonts, complementary colors, and an image of a band within the target age range wearing fashionable clothing to attract readers. Call-out lines with questions were used to directly address readers.
The contents page included an editor's letter to build a relationship with readers using a friendly tone. It also featured the band Rage City to show they will be open in the article, appealing to readers.
The storyboard outlines a scene where two friends, John and Sarah, are having a conversation in the park on a sunny afternoon. John tells Sarah about a new job opportunity he is considering in another city. Sarah expresses concern about how far away the new job is located but supports John's decision to pursue opportunities that interest him. They agree to stay in touch no matter where life takes them.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The trailer for the supernatural horror film Sinister uses various techniques to establish its genre and build tension. It reveals that a writer moves his family into a home where a horrific crime occurred. As he researches the crime, he discovers disturbing home videos in the attic that endanger his family. The trailer employs an ominous voiceover, unsettling music, and jump cuts between disturbing images to create an atmosphere of growing fear and suspense around the threat posed.
The trailer for the film Insidious uses various techniques to set up suspense and mystery. It introduces the story of a family whose son enters a comatose state and becomes possessed by ghosts. Throughout the trailer, various unanswered questions are posed to pique the audience's curiosity. Tension is built through the use of a slow musical score that gradually increases in pace, as well as dark lighting and ominous diegetic sounds. The trailer effectively establishes the psychological horror genre through its use of mise-en-scene, including creepy props and a seemingly normal family home that becomes terrorized.
The trailer for the horror film The Conjuring reveals the plot of the movie. It shows how the Perron family moves into a new home that becomes haunted by a supernatural entity. Paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren are called in to investigate. Through dialogue, disturbing sounds and images, the trailer builds a sense of terror and mystery to draw in viewers to watch the film.
The document discusses the effectiveness of combining a film trailer with two ancillary texts (a film magazine cover and poster). Clear connections were made between the texts, including using the same film title font, logo, release date, characters, and themes of demonic possession. These consistent elements create a cohesive promotional package that engages audiences through different formats. Character and themes are featured prominently in both the trailer and poster to entice viewers. The combination of texts is deemed effective at promoting the film through a conventional, consistent branding strategy.
The document discusses a student's final horror film poster created to promote their group's film trailer, "Cloven". The poster includes conventional horror film poster elements like the film title, an image relating to the narrative, a release date, tagline, credits, and uses colors like red, black, and white. The main image depicts the possessed main character and relates to the horror genre. Other conventional elements discussed include the tagline, credits, website address, and how the poster successfully targets its intended younger audience.
The document discusses the effectiveness of combining a film trailer with two ancillary texts (a film magazine cover and poster). Clear connections were made between the texts, including using the same film title font, logo, release date, characters, and themes of demonic possession. These consistent elements create a cohesive promotional package that engages audiences through different formats. Character and themes are featured prominently in both the trailer and poster to represent the film's narrative. The combination of texts is deemed effective at promoting the film through a conventional, recognizable brand.
The document discusses the effectiveness of combining a film trailer with two ancillary texts (a film magazine cover and poster). Clear connections were made between the texts, including using the same film title font, logo, release date, studio name, and focus on the main character. These consistent elements create a cohesive promotional package that effectively engages audiences through multiple formats. Maintaining codes, conventions and themes from the film trailer helps make the combination of materials successful at promoting the film.
This document presents a proposed thesis that will assess the level of awareness and acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among female call center agents. The introduction provides background on HPV and the need to increase vaccination rates. The study will examine awareness levels of physiological and psychological symptoms of HPV. Survey data will be collected from call center agents and statistically analyzed to determine awareness levels. Based on the results, the researcher aims to formulate an instructional plan to increase awareness of HPV vaccination.
The document discusses evidence-based medicine (EBM) and functional medicine. It notes that EBM aims to provide optimal health rather than just treat disease, taking a patient-centered rather than disease-centered approach. Functional medicine uses a systems-based approach and considers lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors to identify the underlying causes of disease. It factors in influences like genomics, epigenomics, and the microbiome to build on previous paradigms and improve disease prediction and prevention strategies.
Running head ACTION PLAN1ACTION PLAN5Action Plan fo.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: ACTION PLAN
1
ACTION PLAN
5
Action Plan for a Personal and Professional Self-Care Centered
Derrick Underwood
Waldorf University
Goals of the Plan
To become a reputable healthcare provider, an individual need to find balance between their personal and professional. The goal of my professional goal plan is to help me develop holistic from both specs, that is, personally and professionally. The plan will aim at the following:
· Helping gain the necessary competence required in the healthcare setting to provide high quality medical services.
· To protect myself and colleagues around me from unnecessary physical, psychological and social hazards that may come when we are working together.
· To create a communal working environment where myself and my colleagues can work in team work to deliver quality services to the patients.
· To prevent work-related gender-based violence among my colleagues at work and hence create harmonious environment for the working of us all.
· Help me know how to work with various stakeholders from the profession for better dispersal of the health services to our clients.
The plan will not be accomplished without a proper timeline being drafted. A timeline acts as the driver of the whole plan, driving it from the very start to its end (Lindner et al., 2019). As a result, we will come with an elaborate plan for the whole process. It is as follows:
Task
Period
Understanding the working of my working environment
2 months
Identifying potential stakeholders
1 month
Getting stakeholders aboard
2 weeks
Explaining to the need for the action plan to the stakeholders
2 weeks
Roll out of the plan
1 week
Control processes
Throughout the project
Rationale for carrying this action
After long time of looking into my working environment, I have realized a need to personal and professional self-care centered plan. I have been aware of the challenges that we as the health practitioners go through in our daily activities. As a result, I noted that we need to come up with an elaborate action plan that will resolve our challenges as well as prevent work hazards that we bear during work. As healthcare providers, we need to carry out a self-evaluation for us to be able to understand if we can meet the requirements of the issue. Therefore, I decided to come up with this action plan.
Coaches to see that the goals are reached
The couch that will encourage us to see the success of this plan will be any knowledgeable individuals that will deem resourceful within our esteemed healthcare sector. Reputable personnel both from the private and the public sector will be essential in making this plan successful. Specifically, I believe my college academics instructor will play a significant role in coaching me throughout the processes.
My colleagues in the line of duty will also serve as the couches during the whole process. I will be liaising with them to ask them about the areas they think needs some more work so that I ...
This document provides an overview of understanding mental health problems and disorders according to psychiatric classification systems. It discusses the main forms of mental health problems, including mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders like phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychotic disorders, and substance-related disorders. The focus is on how these problems impact individuals and their social networks. Alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress are also considered.
Econometrics--Project-Private Health Insurance Risk Screening TechniquesEric Torres
This document discusses risk screening techniques used by private health insurance companies. It reviews literature on relationships between health and socioeconomic factors like education, marital status, income, employment, and nutrition. These factors influence people's health risks and probabilities of needing insurance. The document also describes US health insurance laws and the methodology used, which analyzes health insurance data to develop a risk screening strategy. The goal is to help insurance companies select lower-risk clients by considering applicants' health statuses and socioeconomic characteristics.
EMPIRICAL STUDYThe meaning of learning to live with medica.docxSALU18
EMPIRICAL STUDY
The meaning of learning to live with medically
unexplained symptoms as narrated by patients in primary
care: A phenomenological�hermeneutic study
EVA LIDÉN, PhD1, ELISABETH BJÖRK-BRÄMBERG, PhD2 &
STAFFAN SVENSSON, MD3
1Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden, and 3Angered Family Medicine Unit, Angered, Sweden
Abstract
Background: Although research about medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is extensive, problems still affect a
large group of primary care patients. Most research seems to address the topic from a problem-oriented, medical
perspective, and there is a lack of research addressing the topic from a perspective viewing the patient as a capable person
with potential and resources to manage daily life. The aim of the present study is to describe and interpret the experiences of
learning to live with MUS as narrated by patients in primary health-care settings.
Methods: A phenomenological�hermeneutic method was used. Narrative interviews were performed with ten patients
suffering from MUS aged 24�61 years. Data were analysed in three steps: naive reading, structural analysis, and
comprehensive understanding.
Findings: The findings revealed a learning process that is presented in two themes. The first, feeling that the symptoms
overwhelm life, involved becoming restricted and dependent in daily life and losing the sense of self. The second, gaining
insights and moving on, was based on subthemes describing the patients’ search for explanations, learning to take care of
oneself, as well as learning to accept and becoming mindful. The findings were reflected against Antonovsky’s theory of sense
of coherence and Kelly’s personal construct theory. Possibilities and obstacles, on an individual as well as a structural level,
for promoting patients’ capacity and learning were illuminated.
Conclusions: Patients suffering from MUS constantly engage in a reflective process involving reasoning about and
interpretation of their symptoms. Their efforts to describe their symptoms to healthcare professionals are part of this
reflection and search for meaning. The role of healthcare professionals in the interpretative process should be acknowledged
as a conventional and necessary care activity.
Key words: MUS, primary care, person centred care, phenomenological-hermeneutics
(Accepted: 19 March 2015; Published: 16 April 2015)
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is a condi-
tion that affects a large but heterogeneous group
of people. The health services have so far been
unsuccessful in addressing the healthcare needs of
these people, partly because of outdated theories and
diagnostic systems that fail to encompass the com-
plexity of the patients’ health problems (Fink &
Rosendal, 2008). The lack of a medical explanation
and cure leaves patients and healthcare professionals
in a ...
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This document summarizes a course module on microeconomics applications. It outlines four assignments for students to complete on the topics of scarcity/incentives, opportunity costs, supply and demand, and market equilibrium. For each assignment, students must select an option from the textbook and submit a draft essay. Drafts will be graded and used to improve final essays due in a later week. The document provides grading criteria and recommends students review relevant textbook chapters to prepare. It also lists the specific application options provided in the textbook for each economic concept.
Gesture Based Retrieval for Mental Illness RecognitionEditor IJCATR
In this work, we try to explore and explain content based image retrieval technique for mental illness early detection based
on gesture expression. Gesture expression based to recognize mental illness due to gesture has multidimensional and may features for
calculation. A technique used to detect and recognize facial expression called Content Based Image Retrieval or CBIR, in this technique
needed gesture image training and referencing. This research also proposed to construct an accurate method or algorithm to detect and
recognize whether one’s suffers mental illness or not. In this research was carried out using gesture image database and gesture without
obstacles (hat, moustache, glasses, etc). Research uses more than 5,000 gesture images with gesture which collected from Lampung
mental illness hospital and from the internet. Research produce an image gesture retrieval result quite good in term of precession and
recall parameters.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT: PROVISION OF GRIEF COUNSELLING TO MOTHERS WHO HA...Achoka Clifford
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT: PROVISION OF GRIEF COUNSELLING TO MOTHERS WHO HAVE LOST THEIR BABIES.
It is a study under leadership and management course in nursing school.
It provides enough details on quality improvement projects that can be done on hospital especially to postnatal mothers who has lost their children.
It is a project that was done to reduce effects of bereavement on mothers that might lead to mental damage hence impact on quality of care in generally
This document outlines a proposed curriculum to educate college students about improving sleep health. The curriculum aims to increase students' knowledge on topics like the importance of sleep, sleep disorders, and sleep management skills. It provides learning goals and identifies relevant health education curriculums and local community resources. Prevalent health issues in society related to poor sleep quality are also discussed, such as increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The curriculum intends to help students develop strategies to enhance their overall sleep health and quality of life.
Effective communication among healthcare workersTty Lim
This document discusses effective communication among healthcare workers and ways to improve it. It contains the following key points:
- Poor communication is a major factor in medical errors, responsible for over 70% of sentinel events according to the Joint Commission. Medication errors and adverse drug effects are often caused by failures in team communication.
- Effective communication in healthcare is defined as a reciprocal, interactive process between sender and recipient to ensure information is received and understood. It is important for accurate diagnosis, detecting patient distress, and gaining patient satisfaction and compliance.
- Ways to improve individual communication abilities include developing assertiveness, active listening, and negotiation skills to challenge decisions respectfully and improve patient safety. Reducing distractions and adopting
1.Write an essay discussing the various causes and solutions for aBenitoSumpter862
The document discusses maintaining boundaries for a correctional officer who has been threatened by an inmate. It outlines a scenario where the officer, Patricia Wilkes, was recently attacked at work and is now being manipulated by the inmate who witnessed it. The inmate promises protection if she smuggles contraband for him, and though afraid, she agrees. The presentation will discuss developing a plan to maintain boundaries in this situation, potential obstacles, and the ethical and legal consequences of not upholding boundaries. It provides an overview of the inmate manipulation scenario and topics that will be covered.
1.Write an essay discussing the various causes and solutions for aSantosConleyha
1.Write an essay discussing the various causes and solutions for a patient’s inability to pay for medications (prescriptions).
Your response should be at least 200 words in length
2. “Front desk syndrome” is a particularly troublesome aspect of patients visiting their healthcare provider. Write an essay describing this phenomena and methods to prevent or decrease its occurrence.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Inmate Manipulation and Boundaries
Nicole Jones, Dionne Russell, Francisco Villegas, Lupe Silva
University of Phoenix
CPSS/430
Dr. Debra McCoy
May 16, 2022
What to Expect from This Presentation
Summary of manipulation scenario
Development of a plan for how to maintain boundaries in this situation
Possible obstacles in setting and maintaining these boundaries
Identifying ethical and legal consequences to not maintaining boundaries in this situation
Manipulation Scenario
Patricia Wilkes works as a correctional officer at Corcoran California state prison. Corcoran is a high security institution that houses some of the most violent male offenders. Patricia has worked at the institution for four years and has encountered two attacks against her from two separate inmates over a year span. Patricia is freshly returned back to work after being off for a week due to her injuries from her latest attack. The attack involved her being pushed down by an inmate, causing a sprain arm. Feeling vulnerable Patricia became friends with an inmate who witnessed the attack and promised to issue protection if she sneaks in contraband for him. She is conflicted but, because she is afraid; she agrees to do it.
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries (continued)
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries (continued)
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Questions
References
HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Identify and explain how demographics, such as age and race, impact true access to quality care.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Disparities in Health Care: Race and Age Matters
Unit Lesson
Many Americans find it difficult to even comprehend being denied access to medical care. When we are sick,
we want to see a physician, promptly receive a diagnosis, and procure the necessary treatment that will
restore us to our previous level of health. T ...
Health literacy is the most important factor in getting the proper health information and health services. Health literacy significantly affects healthcare accessibility, availability, affordability and eventually cost. Health literacy makes it possible for the people to actively participate in the healthcare decision making process.
Running head MANUAL FOR SURGICAL FACE MASKS .docxjeanettehully
This document outlines a proposed research project to create a manual explaining the process for manufacturing surgical face masks. It notes that while information exists on making cloth masks, the process for medical-grade masks is more complicated and not well documented. The proposed research would study how surgical masks are made, including materials, steps, and resources, in order to provide clear instructions that manufacturers could follow to increase production. The manual would then be distributed online to organizations like the CDC and WHO to help manufacturers support public health during pandemics.
Communicating risks and benefits an evidence based user's guideDr Lendy Spires
This document provides acknowledgements for contributors to the guide "Communicating Risks and Benefits: An Evidence-Based User’s Guide". It thanks Nancy Ostrove and Lee Zwanziger from the FDA for their support in developing the guide. It also thanks Nancy Derr, Elena Ketelhut and the guide's authors and reviewers for their work. Permission is acknowledged from various publishers to reuse figures. The guide aims to make the risk communication research literature more accessible and applicable to practitioners.
The Global Issue Of Mental Health And Shortage Of Nursing...Lindsey Jones
The document discusses the global issue of mental health and the shortage of nursing staff. It notes that mental health is often not the top career choice for nursing students and there is an aging population of psychiatric nurses nearing retirement. Studies conducted in Australia found that nursing students are least interested in careers in mental health. The literature review examined 4 articles on this topic, finding that more clinical training resulted in more positive views of psychiatric nursing but it remains an understaffed field due to lack of interest. Overall it discusses the need to address the shortage of mental health nurses.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Research proposal final
1. UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
VISUAL LITERACY:
IMPLEMENTING VISUALS IN COMMUNICATING
HEALTHCARE INFORMATION
NOR SYAMIMI BINTI SAMSUDIN
2012359041
ED702
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
DECEMBER 2013
1
2. CONTENTS
CONTENTS.........................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................3
1.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................3
1.1 Problem Statement..................................................................................................5
1.2 Research Objectives................................................................................................6
1.3 Research Questions.................................................................................................7
1.4 Significance of the Study........................................................................................7
1.5 Limitation of the Study...........................................................................................8
1.6 Operational Definitions...........................................................................................9
1.6.1 Visual Literacy..............................................................................................9
1.6.2 Visuals...........................................................................................................9
1.6.3 Communication.............................................................................................9
1.6.4 Healthcare information...............................................................................10
1.7 Conclusion............................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 2 .....................................................................................................................10
2.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................11
2.1 Visual Literacy .....................................................................................................11
2.2 Problem in understanding healthcare information................................................12
2.2.1 Literacy.......................................................................................................13
2.2.2 Age..............................................................................................................14
2.2.3 Disability.....................................................................................................14
2.2.4 Language.....................................................................................................14
2.2.5 Culture.........................................................................................................14
2.2.6 Emotion.......................................................................................................15
2.3 Communication through visuals...........................................................................15
2.4 Conceptual framework..........................................................................................18
2.5 Conclusion............................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 3 .....................................................................................................................20
3.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................20
3.1 Research Design ...................................................................................................21
3.2 Population and Sampling......................................................................................22
3.3 Instrumentation ....................................................................................................22
3.3.1 Questionnaire..............................................................................................22
3.3.2 Unstructured interview................................................................................23
3.3.3 Document analysis......................................................................................23
This study also uses documents from others research and then a document analysis
are carried out. For the document analysis, the researcher would also get the
additional sources such as books, newspapers, the Internet and so on to supplement
the findings. All the data were analyzed to obtain the complete information and facts.
.....................................................................................................................................23
3.4 Data Collection.....................................................................................................24
3.5 Data Analysis........................................................................................................24
3.6 Conclusion............................................................................................................25
The Bibliography...............................................................................................................26
APPENDICES...................................................................................................................29
2
3. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
Art and science is the branch of knowledge but there was split between two
hemispheres of brain; left and right brain. According to Williams (1983), the left brain
more to analytical skills, language, mathematical concepts, medical experimental, logic
and science stream while right brain characteristic based on creativity, the ability to see
pattern, spatial awareness, visual and art stream. He stated that if both of the
hemisphere combined, there will be contributed toward effective instructional material in
educating people in future. In this study, the implementation of art into science or
medical areas in communicating healthcare information will be studied.
3
4. Figure 1: The illustration by Mark Tatro, Rotate Graphic (www.rotategraphic.com)
Health literacy is about communication and understanding. It affects how people
understand wellness and illness, participate in health promotion and prevention
activities, weigh decisions about treatment, take medications, and follow self-care
instructions. Health literacy is defined as the degree to which individuals have the
capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services
needed to make appropriate health decisions (Osborne,2005)
4
5. According to Andrus and Roth (2002), healthcare practitioner face problem in
recognizing when patients do not understand written words and challenging on how to
communicate through visuals or other visual media. In recent years, there has been an
increasing interest in implementing visuals in communicating healthcare information by
the doctor. The integration of art (visuals literacy) into science (health literacy) will be
facilitating people in understanding healthcare information in effectively and promoting
the best healthcare services.
However, not all health professionals have time, interest, or talent to draw, and the
information may be too complex to simply convey in visuals. They not artists or designer
to come out with graphically design of healthcare information. The is no reason to expect
that health professionals either know to draw pictures or feel confident doing so. Here,
the art practitioner can plays the roles as the facilitator or designer in creating handout
specific to a medical practice or facility. Collaborations between health professionals and
visual artist are often more effective than working alone (Osborne, 2005).
The good health and well-being require a clean and harmonious relationship
between doctor and patients. The integration of the visual into healthcare environments
can play a important role in achieving these objective. Moreover, those who provide
healthcare now understand that communicating clearly with their patient is essential to
quality patient care and serve the quality of healthcare service.
1.1 Problem Statement
This research is based on several factors. Patients and their family members often
receive an overwhelming amount of health information. The content may be unfamiliar,
5
6. complicated, confusing or perhaps even frightening. The format can include numbering
data, dense text, unreadably small fonts and number presented as fractions or decimals
or percentages. Adding to these problems, patients and their families often receive
health information at times when they feel sick, distracted an are not at their learning
best (Osborne, 2006).
"...The doctor or healthcare administrator never laid a hand on me, he or she
never touched me, he or she was hardly listening and they were busy entering stuff into
the computer and they start to do assumption on the disease about the patient. The
doctor just say the biological terminology that I cannot understand and they will suggest
the medication and do's and dont's and they asked to come back for another 4
weeks..".
(The Fading Art of The Physical Exam by Richard Knox ,2012)
Based on the statement above that stated by Richard Knox in his research, he
believed that common patient complaint about on how the doctor treats them as the
patients. The important of healthcare story is as to recognize emergencies, essential
information, to follow the medical instruction and to know what to do when they occur.
So, every patient has the rights to access competent healthcare and treatment because
this can truly be a matter of life and death. If the communication just on verbally not
attached with visual and adding with patient's emotion in that time, might be the
healthcare information end up with the wrong interpretation by the patients.
1.2 Research Objectives
The research objectives of this study are:
6
7. i.
To identify why people have trouble in understanding healthcare information.
ii. To identify the design of visual that want to implement in communicating healthcare
information
iii. To produce the effective visuals literacy tools that can help interpret the healthcare
information.
1.3 Research Questions
The research questions for this study are:
i.
Why people have trouble in understanding healthcare information?
ii. How the design of visual that want to implement in communicating healthcare
information?
iii. How to produce the effective visuals literacy tools that can help interpret the
healthcare information?
1.4 Significance of the Study
The significance of this research is as to promoting on how visual can help in
interpreting the healthcare information. This study also contributing on how important art
by using visual as the simple approach in delivering healthcare information. It is
important to make a study, documentation and producing visual materials that related to
deliver the healthcare information as a references for the benefit to people.
7
8. According to Fitzgerald (1995), visual literacy are becoming the predominant
form of communication across a range of learning and teaching resources, delivered
across a range of medias and formats. He argued that the visual literacy is now crucial
for obtaining information, constructing knowledge and building successful educational
outcomes. These reasons seem to be relevant as the significance of this study as to
relate visual literacy in health literacy together. People needs to aware with the important
of the implementation of visual literacy in communicating healthcare information because
everyone in this world is involved with healthcare matter since we are early infancy to
older ages.
It is hoped that the findings from this study will provide insights to this issues may
help health professionals in implementing visuals in communicating to their patients
about the healthcare information and fully conveyed in effective ways. This study also as
the encouragement of visuals artists to involve in actively in society in contributing
something useful in healthcare aspects.
1.5 Limitation of the Study
The main limitation of this research is the integration between science and art
together in one research. The researcher need to study about the medication area that not
very familiar and need to ask many expertise in this area for avoid to gain the wrong data
and misleading healthcare information. Moreover, the researcher also need to find out the
variety of resources from biological, medication and art to obtain the information.
8
9. The researcher should have to produce a visual material based on healthcare
information. The limitation also from the process of development in producing a visual
material based on healthcare story. The researcher should have to understand the health
information first and interpret all of the text in the visual art form. The duration for
producing final product is quite short and the important of final product’s quality is
needed.
1.6 Operational Definitions
1.6.1 Visual Literacy
According to Giorgis, Johnson, et.al, (1999), visual literacy refers to the ability
in constructing the meaning from visual images. In this research, visual literacy is
defined as an ability to understanding the meaning of visuals in healthcare
information.
1.6.2 Visuals
Visuals refers to a picture, a piece of film, or display used to illustrate or
accompany something, etc , used to make an article or a talk easier to understand
or more interesting (The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 7 th Edition, 2005). In
this research, visuals is defined as a tools or material to convey the meaning of
healthcare information in effectively.
1.6.3 Communication
Communication is defined as a process of transmitting ideas, informations,
attitudes by the use of symbols, words, pictures, figures from the source, for the
9
10. purpose of influencing with intent (Rappaport, 2002). In this study, communication
refer to the process of telling something about healthcare information and
participating people to understanding the contents.
1.6.4 Healthcare information
Healthcare information refers to the process of telling something about the
healthcare or medical information that involved the communication between the
doctor and the patient (American Medical Association Foundation, 2003). In this
study, healthcare information defined as the information about healthcare that will be
explained by the doctor to patients using the visuals as the medium of instruction.
1.7 Conclusion
This chapter has covered the background of this study, the statement of the
research problem, the research objectives, the research questions, the operational
definitions, the limitation of this study and the significance of this study. The literature
review of the topics related to this study will be discussed in the next chapter.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
10
11. 2.0 Introduction
In this chapter we will be focusing on the perspectives of other researchers, as
well as previous researches to be able to produce a more significant and concrete
research. The research that is being done is the contents of visual literacy and health
literacy. Other than that, this research will also explore the relationship between visuals
and healthcare information itself. Summarized in the following review of the literature are
the definition of visual literacy, the important of visual literacy, the problem in
understanding healthcare information and how visuals can help in communicating
healthcare information.
2.1 Visual Literacy
The term "visual literacy" originally coined by John Debes in 1968 and he believed
that it is the ability to see, comprehend, discriminate and interpret objects and symbols in
the environment, integrate them with other sensory experiences and use them to
creatively communicate with others or derive enjoyment (Debes, 1968). Later, according
to Cochran (1972) in Ausburn and Ausburn (1978), she examined 72 different definitions
of visual literacy and identified three themes in common; human abilities, teaching
strategies and the promotion of ideas based on the types of visual language in body
language, object language, sign and symbol language and abstract language.
Visual literacy can be defined as the ability to interpret, use, appreciate and create
images and video using both conventional and 21st century media in ways that advance
thinking, decision, making, communication and learning. Visual literacy also refers to the
learned ability to interpret visual and messages accurately and to create such
11
12. messages. There have two major approaches; helping learners to decode, or "read",
visuals proficiently by practicing visual analysis skills and helping learners to encode, or
"write", visuals to express themselves and communicate with others (Smaldino, Lowther
& Russell, 2012).
According to Ausburn & Ausburn (1978), visual literacy includes the group of skills
which enable an individual to understand and use visuals for intentionally communicating
with others. The International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) was founded to
investigate the potential value of visual literacy principle and to apply them to enhance
education and communication. There has been a steady development in the field since
that time, and visual aids have been integrated into classroom instruction, advertising,
business,
and
patient
education
regarding
healthcare
procedures
(http://www.uniteforsight.org/visual-literacy/module3#_ftnref1).
Visual literacy encourages an appreciation and comprehension of visual
communication. In healthcare matter, visual literacy allowed a healthcare professionals to
be able to interpret and communicate difficult terminologies and explain to their patient
about their condition. Two ways of communication achieved in successfully if the
healthcare professionals share the responsibilities and the patients understand the contents
about the healthcare information. The important of visual literacy contributes to problem
solving and critical thinking through exposure to interesting and varied images in
communicating healthcare information materials.
2.2 Problem in understanding healthcare information
Patients and their family members often struggle to understand health information.
12
13. According to Thompson (2003), discussing health topics with patients orally presents
many challenges. He added that verbal instruction are often complex, delivered rapidly
and easily forgotten in stressful situations. In addition, language barriers present
comprehension problem.
Strunk (1979) stated that how people absorb some information is different from
others; auditory learners, kinesthetic learner and visual leaners.Besides of the learner
style, Osborne (2006) stated that people have trouble understanding health information
because of learning challenges. There are literacy aspect, age, disability, culture and
emotion of the patients. Instead, people might be also are in different learning
characteristic.
2.2.1 Literacy
Literacy has been consistently observed as critical to participation in healthcare
programs and to improve quality of live. According to Smaldino, Lowther and Russell
(2012), they claimed that literacy is defined as an individual's ability to read, write,
speak, compute and solve problem at levels of proficiency necessary to function on
the job and in society, to achieve one's goals and to develop one's knowledge and
potential. People with low literacy will have difficulty learning information from many
written patient medical materials, including medication labels. A lot of health
information is in written formats like brochures, fact sheet and websites. To
understand these materials, people who struggle with literacy almost always have
trouble understanding health information because so much of it is communicated in
writing.
13
14. 2.2.2 Age
Age also affect how people learn and understand health information. People of
all ages want to know what new diagnose or treatments will mean in their lives and
how to cope with their medical conditions on a day to day basis As people age,
many factor can interfere with health understanding. Older adult for example may
also be struggling with difficult emotions and anxiety in understanding the complex
of health information by doctor (Osborne, 2006).
2.2.3 Disability
When people have disabilities that interfere with seeing, hearing or
remembering, their receptive (taking in) and expressive (giving out) communication
skills are affected (Osborne, 2006). So, it can impact on a person's ability to
understand about the health information well and needs someone to be the
interpreter or family member to explain it back.
2.2.4 Language
Next, the problem based on the language. Here, in healthcare information its
refer to medical terminologies and words choice that used by the doctor. Patients
can easily overlook or understanding the exact meaning. In short, the fluent of
language need to involve with body language and visuals materials as to ensure the
misconception will be overcome.
2.2.5 Culture
Culture provides a context or framework for people to understand concepts.
This problem arises when there have culturally diverse patient. In some cultures,
patients are not the ones to make health decisions. Despite cultural and linguistic
14
15. differences, healthcare information need to convey in ways all of the patients can
understand.
2.2.6 Emotion
In addition to all the other factors that affect health understanding, people's
emotions affect how they learn. It is more difficult to concentrate and comprehend
when feeling scared, sick or in pain (Osborne, 2006).
2.3 Communication through visuals
Research has shown that visual aids can increase a patient's understanding of their
medication regimen(s). Visuals accompanied by oral instructions have increased
patients' recall more than if they are given oral instructions alone (Houts et al., 2001). In
addition, they claimed that by using pictures and text, patients more understand and help
them in recalling information because the formation of the message is encoded in
multiple places in memory.
Visual materials help people remember information they hear. Schwarzberg (2005)
suggested that people remember 10% of what they read, 20% of what they hear, 30% of
what they see and 70% of what they see and hear. He believed that the use of visuals
can help teach about something that can not be easily seen (example, female internal
anatomy). Visuals can illustrate a specific point and demonstrate steps to follow to
complete a task. In fact, visuals are an effective way to present real-life situations.
In order to do all of this, healthcare information must be simply, clearly and
correctly understood, even when the content is difficult or people have trouble in learning
15
16. and understanding information. Visuals can help in interpreting healthcare setting. They
not only are interesting and attractive to look at, but can reinforce the written or spoken
health message. Such example layout and design, pictograph and cartoons, pain scales
and visual tools, maps, genograms and other diagrams and form in interactive way.
(Osborne, 2006).
According to Delp and Jones (1996), the studies of the role of cartoons in
emergency room instructions, they founded that these illustrations are effective way to
convey information. This also agreed by Houts et al. (2001), they believed that the use of
pictographs (refer to simple line drawings that illustrate ideas or actions), shows that
pictographs can be aid of learning and communicating in healthcare information, even
for person who have lower or limited literacy skills.
16
17. Figure 2: The example of layout for healthcare service.
Figure 3: The example of pictograph and cartoons illustration in healthcare service.
Figure 4: The example of pain scales illustration in healthcare service.
17
18. Figure 5: The example of medical genograms symbols in healthcare service.
Visuals not only are interesting and interactive to look at, but more toward the
efficient and effective of the content delivered based on the written and healthcare
information. Health information is not always linear, often it is too complex, but visuals
can help in interrelationships it.
2.4 Conceptual framework
18
19. Problem in
understanding
health information
Visuals can help
interpret the
healthcare
information
Produce the visual
materials that can help
interpret the
healthcare information
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
The study is focused from visual literacy among patient in the ways of understanding
about healthcare information. The doctor have shared responsibility on communicating
health information to patients (Osborne, 2006). There have major problem that involved
the patient in understanding health information based on literacy, age, disability,
language, culture and emotion. All patients have their right in gain the best explanation
about their healthcare, but the doctor need to use visuals approaches to communicate
the healthcare information. Visuals play an important roles in interpret healthcare
information so for the last step in this study, the researcher will be come out with visuals
materials based on healthcare information as the final product for this study.
2.5 Conclusion
Researches from previous studies have proved that visual literacy have its
contribution toward medical aspect (health literacy). So, the problem in understanding in
healthcare information will be overcome by visuals material and verbal communication
that combined together as to ensure there no misleading and difficulties occurs. More
research are encourage as to promoting visuals literacy in healthcare information in
future.
19
20. CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
This chapter explains the research design of this study, the method of data
collection, the population as well as the sample of this study and the data analysis of the
20
21. data. The data that has been analyzed will then be presented in the next chapter.
Visual literacy:
Implementing Visuals in
Communicating Healthcare
Information
Instrumentation
Questionnaire
Document
Analysis
Unstructured
interviews
Findings
Data Analysis
Product
(Visuals Material)
Conclusion & Recommendations
Figure 3.1: Chart of Methodology
3.1 Research Design
This study will be carried out using quantitative approach as well as quantitative
approach as well as qualitative approach; mixed method research. Under the
quantitative approach, the researcher will be conducting a survey research as to identify
why people have trouble in understanding health information. "A cross-sectional survey
is one in which data are collected from selected individuals at a single point in time"
(Fraenkel, Wallen & Hyun, 2012).
Apart from that, according to Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun (2012), unstructured
interview is an informal interview that is not aimed at obtaining answers to predetermined
21
22. questions but rather to obtain information about where the participants are coming from
and what they have experienced. There are the research designs that will be used to
gather the data is needed for this study.
3.2 Population and Sampling
The target population of this study was a public people. The researcher will be
using simple random sampling because all individuals in the selected population have an
equal and independent chance to be selected for the sample ((Fraenkel, Wallen & Hyun,
2012). Besides of using the public people as the sample for this study, six healthcare
practitioner or doctor from the hospital will be interviewed in order to gain their insights
and experienced in communicating healthcare information to their patients.
3.3 Instrumentation
3.3.1 Questionnaire
The first instrument that will be used in this study is a questionnaire. This
questionnaire form was divided into 3 main parts. There are Part A: Respondent's
Background asked about the respondent's background based on the question
given.Then, Part B: Trouble in Understanding Healthcare Story. This study aims to
identify what are some of the main factors which contribute people having trouble in
understanding healthcare story. Part C: Design of the Visual that want to implement.
This part as to identify about the design and visual that want to implement in
communicating healthcare story. The questionnaire is included in the appendix
22
23. section.
3.3.2 Unstructured interview
The second instrument that will be used in this research is unstructured
interview. Interviews are one of the methods used to gain qualitative information.
The researcher used interviews method as to collect and gain the relevant the
information for this study. The purpose of interviewing the samples is to complement
and extend data from questionnaire as well as to find out where the samples are
coming from and their experiences. The interviews are questions designed to draw
out the subjects’ responses on a topic of interest. These respondents are free to
answer in their own word rather than have to choose from predetermined option, as
in a survey in questionnaire for example. The unstructured open-ended format
permits a greater flexibility and responsiveness to emerging issues for the
participants. The interview questions are included in the appendix section.
3.3.3 Document analysis
This study also uses documents from others research and then a document
analysis are carried out. For the document analysis, the researcher would also get
the additional sources such as books, newspapers, the Internet and so on to
supplement the findings. All the data were analyzed to obtain the complete
information and facts.
Books are one of the important sources used to collect all the information for
this study. There are several books that the researcher has relied on to collect the
23
24. information. The researcher also made use of article from newspapers and journal
to collect the relevant information in order to complete this study. The Internet is also
one of the sources that the researcher has relied on to collect all the related
information for this study.Lots of web pages have been used to collect and gain the
relevant information for this study. Most of the information that gained in the Internet
is reliable and useful for the researcher.
3.4 Data Collection
Before the real data collection process for this study is carried out, the researcher
was sought from Malaysian Ministry of Health and Health Department of Selangor. After
obtaining approval, the researcher requested lists of health practitioner from the
Department of Health in Selangor. Then, the researcher sent a letter to health
practitioner where there would be respondents for the study and the dates that it would
take place. Further, the researcher asked cooperation from public people in the hospital
in distributing the questionnaires and collecting completed questionnaires from them.
For the unstructured interview, six samples will be used as the interviewees. The
interview will be conducted at the clinic and the hospital and will be recorded.
3.5 Data Analysis
After the completed questionnaires have been collected, the resulting data will be
tabulated and entered into a spreadsheet. Then, the data will be summarized using
descriptive statistics. The types of descriptive statistics that will be used to measure the
value of data from the questionnaires. As for the data analysis for the unstructured
interview, the interview transcripts will be read and memos will be written. The data from
24
25. the interview transcripts will be coded and each code indicate a certain pattern and
meaning.
Besides that, the researcher also need to produce the visual material that can help
interpret healthcare information. There are several expenses involved with producing
visual material for healthcare.
Step 1: Planning the visual material by identify the resources needed, define the
target audience, goal and objectives, determine the concepts and messages,
identify the look and design.
Step 2: Writing the visual material by recognize the content, literacy demand,
graphics and interaction.
Step 3: Revising the visual material
Step 4: Formating the visual material
The next chapter will be discussed about the process involved in final product based
on visual materials in communicating healthcare information.
3.6 Conclusion
This chapter has covered the research design, the sample population, the
instrument, the data collection and the data analysis. The next chapter will be discussing
on the findings of this study.
25
26. The Bibliography
Andrus, M.R., & Roth, M.T. (2002). Health Literacy: A review. Pharmacotherapy, 22,
282-302.
Ausburn, L. & Ausburn, F. (1978). Visual Literacy: Background,, Theory and Practice.
PLET, 15 (4), 291-297.
Debes, J. (1968). Some Foundations of Visual Literacy. Audio Visual Instruction, 13,
961-964.
Delp, C. & Jones, J. (1996). Communicating Information to Patients: The Use of Cartoon
Illustration to Improve Comprehension of Instructions, Academic Emergency
Medicine, 3:264-270.
26
27. Fitzgerald, M. (1995). NAA Leaders disagree over the value of cyberspace. International
Federation of Newspaper Publishers Research Association, 128 (12), 48-49.
Frankel, J.R., Wallen, N.E., & Hyun, H.H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research
in Education. Eight Edition. New York: McGraw Hill International Edition.
Giorgis, C., Johnson, N.J., Bonomo, A. Colbert, C., & al, e. (1999). Visual Literacy.
Reading Teacher, 53 (2), 146-153.
Houts, P.S., Witmer, J.T, Egeth, H.E., Loscalzo, M.J., & Zabora, J.R. (2001). Using
pictographs to enhance recall of spoken medical illustrations. Patient Education and
Counseling, 43, 231-242.
Osborne H. (2005). Health Literacy from A to Z: Practical Ways to Communicate Your
Health Message. United States: Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Osborne H. (2006). Health Literacy: How Visuals Can Help Tell the Healthcare Story.
Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, Vol.29, No.1, pp 28-32.
Rappaport, T.S. (2002). Wireless Communication Principles and Practice. Second
Edition. United States: Person Education
Richard Knox. (2012). The Fading Art of The Physical Exam. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Emory University: United States
Schwartzberg J.G. (2005). Understanding Health Literacy: Implications for Medicine and
Public Health. Chicago: AMA Press.
Smaldino, S.E., Lowther, D.L., & Russell, J.D. (2012). Instructional technology and
media for learning (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Strunk W.Jr (1979). The Elements of Style. New York: MacMilan.
Thompson T.L. (2003). Handbook of Health Communication. New Jersey: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates.
Williams, L.V. (1983). A Guide to Right Brain/ Left Brain Education: Teaching with the
Two
Sided Mind. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Health Literacy. Retrieved October 30,2013 from
http://www.healthypeople.gov
Visual Literacy. Retrieved November 29,2013 from
http://www.uniteforsight.org/visual-literacy/module3#_ftnref1
The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 7th Edition. (2005)
American Medical Association Foundation (2003)
27
29. APPENDICES
Visual Literacy: Implementing Visuals in Communicating Healthcare Information
Universiti Teknologi MARA, SHAH ALAM
This questionnaire form was divided into 3 main parts. There are:
Part A: Respondent's Background
This part asked about the respondent's background based on the question given.
Part B: Trouble in Understanding Healthcare Story
This study aims to identify what are some of the main factors which contribute people
having trouble in understanding healthcare story.
Part C: Design of the Visual that want to implement
This study also want to identify about the design and visual that want to implement in
communicating healthcare story.
The information collected will be kept confidential and will only be used by the researcher
for analyzing this research only.
29
Thank you for your valuable time and cooperation.
30. PART A: RESPONDENT'S BACKGROUND
Part A: Respondent's Background
Please answer all questions and tick (√) in the appropriate box.
1. Gender
Male
Female
2. Age
Below 18 years old
19 - 29 years old
30 - 39 years old
40 - 49 years old
50 - 59 years old
60 years old and above
3. What is your ethnic group?
Malay
Chinese
Indian
Others:___________
4. How often you meet your doctor for healthcare service?
Always
Sometimes Never
5. Do you satisfied after hear the explanation about your healthcare information from
your doctor?
Yes
No
PART B: To identify why people have trouble when understanding healthcare story.
For question, please indicate the extent to which you agree with these statements by using
circle (o) or tick (√) the most appropriate answer.
(1- strongly disagree, 2- disagree, 3- agree, 4- strongly agree)
1.
a.
b.
c.
Literacy
I always understand health information in written formats
I do not understand if all the health information using texts,
number and chart.
I prefer the health information using more visual than texts
2.
Verbal Communication / Language
30
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
1
2
3
4
31. a.
b.
c.
3.
a.
b.
c.
4
a
b
c
I prefer my doctor explain about health information in slowly
and using simple term.
I prefer when my doctor explain things in clear by using plain
language.
I understand if my doctor explain using too many statistic
Age
I prefer the approaches of explanation health information is
divided into age group.
I always confuse and misleading about the healthcare
information that the doctor explained to me
I need someone to help me to explain back the healthcare
information after see the doctor.
Emotion
I feel very difficult to concentrate when the doctor
communicate about the healthcare information to me
I am not very sure about the healthcare information because
i anxiety.
I can control my emotion when hear the explanation from the
doctor
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
6. What is your learning style?
Visual learner
Auditory learner
Kinesthetic learner
Mixed leaner
PART C: To identify the design of visual that want to implement in communicating
healthcare information.
For question, please indicate the extent to which you agree with these statements by using
circle (o) or tick (√) the most appropriate answer.
1. Which is the best following show about medication images?
31
32. A
B
Reason of your answer:_____________________________________________________
2. Which is the best following show about the body part (heart and brain)?
A
B
32
33. Reason of your answer:_____________________________________________________
3. Which is the best following show about "do not take this dairy product"?
A
B
Reason of your answer:_____________________________________________________
4. Based on the image below, I become more understand about the healthcare
information.
Yes
No
Please give your reason if you say YES or NO.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
33
34. 5. Based on the pictograph (image) show below, I become more understand about the
medication prescription.
Yes
No
Please give your reason if you say YES or NO.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Unstructured Interview
1. What is your opinion based on health literacy?
2. Do you agreed if the visuals material implement in communicating healthcare
34
35. information? Why?
3. Do you have any problem when communicating about healthcare information to your
patients?
4. If yes, what is your approach to overcome the problem?
5. What is your suggestion if visual literacy implementing in communicating healthcare
information?
35