The document discusses the importance of hypotheses in the research process, defining a hypothesis as a tentative explanation that guides studies and helps establish relationships between variables. It outlines various types of hypotheses, including research and null hypotheses, as well as assumptions that underpin research concepts. Additionally, it explains the significance of conceptual models in facilitating the understanding of phenomena within research.

1. Kinds of hypothesis
.
Research Problem,
Hypothesis, and the
Conceptual Model
Begin your journey of wonder.
EDL 241 –Methods of Research
Jane Rose O. Caylan
Reporter

2. Section 6-
Hypothesis,
Assumptions ,
and The
Conceptual
Model
The
Conceptual
Model
Research
Problem
Developing and
Refining a
research
Problem
The
Hypothesis
Relationship
Kinds of
Hypothesis
Assumptions

3. Research Problem
 The question ask in the study.
 It is also called as Problem
Statement.

4. Early Stages of the Research Process
1.Defined a specific problem area
2.Reviewed the relevant scientific literature
3.Examined the problems potential significance
4.Examined the feasibility of studying the
research problem.

5.  A Hypothesis - is a tentative explanation for something
to answer the questions “How” and “Why”.
 Theory is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and
propositions that are advance to explain and predict
phenomena ( Cooper & Emory, 1995).

6.  Theories tend to be abstract and involve multiple
variables.
 Hypothesis tend to be simple , two variable
propositions involving concrete instances.

7. Important Functions of Hypothesis:
 Guides the direction of the study.
 Limits what shall be studied and what shall not.
 Identifies fact that are relevant and those that are not.
 Suggests which form of research design is likely to be most
appropriate.
 Provides a useful framework for organizing and summarizing
results and conclusions of the research.
 Suggests appropriate sampling instrument and procedures.
 Allows investigation to confirm or disconfirm a theory

8. Purpose of the Hypotheses
1. To provide a bridge between theory and reality.
2. To be powerful tools for the advancement
of knowledge because they enable the researcher
to objectively enter new areas of discovery.
3. To provide direction for any research endeavor.

9. Interrelationship
Hypothesis
Theoretical
Framework
Literature
Review
Problem
Statement

10. Relationships
 Hypotheses describing relationship between two variables
with respect to some uses are called Relational
Hypothesis.
Two interpretations of Relational Hypothesis:
1. Correlational Hypothesis-variables that occur together in
some specified manner without implying that one causes the
other.
2. Causal or Explanatory Relationship
-are hypotheses reflecting causes-and-effect relationships.

11. Kinds of Hypotheses
1. Research Hypothesis- predicts a relationship
between two or more variables.
“Problem hypothesis” “Empirical hypothesis” or
“Substance hypothesis”
2. NULL (Statistical)Hypothesis - a relationship or
difference that can be tested statistically.

12. Relationship of Research Problems, Research
Hypothesis & Null Hypothesis
Research problem
Research Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
Research Problem Research Hypothesis Null Hypothesis
What is the effect of a
seminar-workshop on the
attitudes of teachers
toward seminar?
Teachers’ attitude toward
seminar will improve as a
result of attending a
seminar-workshop.
There is no difference in
teachers’ attitudes toward
seminar before and after
the workshop.
Is there a relationship
between teachers’
attitudes toward the
curriculum and student
achievement?
There is a positive
relationships between
teachers’ attitudes toward
the curriculum and
student achievement.
There is no relationship
between teachers’
attitudes toward the
curriculum and student
achievement.
Is there a significant
difference in the
performance of students
expose to three methods
of teaching?
There is a significant
difference in the
performance of students
expose to three methods
of teaching.
There is no significant
difference in the
performance of students
expose to three methods
of teaching.

13. Sample Problem and Hypothesis
Problem Statement Research
Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
The more intelligent
the person is, the
more adaptable he is
to new situations.
Adaptability to new
situations is related to
intelligence.
There is no
relationship in the
adaptability of a
person to new
situation with his
intelligence.
The more exposed
one to mass media,
the higher is ones
degree in political
awareness.
Exposure to mass
media, increases ones
political awareness.
There is no significant
difference in ones
political awareness if
exposed to mass
media.

14. Assumption
 statements of what the researcher believes to be facts
but cannot verify.
 an assumption to an postulate is an essential
prerequisite to carrying out some operation or a line of
thinking.
 these assumption are at the very base of every research
activity.
 assumptions are accepted on a common sense basis
and they are assumed valid.

15. Assumptions
Assumption
Title: Possible Effects
Upon their Children’s
Problem Statement
of a Filipino Parent’s
Self- Concept
Research Hypothesis
Employment Abroad
There are factors, which
give rise to the
phenomenon of
overseas employment,
and that these factors
are sufficiently influential
to at least physically
separate a person from
his family.
What are the factors that
give rise to the
phenomenon of
overseas employment?
The overseas
employment is sufficient
and influential to the
physical separation of a
person from his family.
Socio-economic status is
a factor that affects
achievement of children.
What is the effect if
socio-economic status
upon the achievement of
children?
There is a relationship of
socio-economic status to
the achievement of
children.

16. Conceptual Models (Paradigms)
 these are structures that help present concepts in
such a way that researchers and other people
can gain useful insights into a phenonmenon .
 a model is defined as a representation of a
system that is constructed to study some aspect
of system or the system as a whole (Cooper &
Emory,1995).

17. A Sample of Conceptual Framework

18. .

19. .
References
Prado, N.I. et al(2001).Research Methods
Prasad Shalini 1*, Ajith Rao2, and Eeshoo
Rehani3, Developing hypothesis and
research questions.(2001)
Sinclair, M. Editorial: A guide to
understanding theoretical and conceptual
frameworks. Evidence Based Midwifery
(2007)