Research is defined as a systematic, scientific search for information to increase knowledge. It involves defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The main types of research are fundamental/basic research, which seeks knowledge without a defined goal, and applied research, which is problem-oriented and directed toward a specific end. The objectives of research are to discover new information, develop new tools and techniques, gain familiarity with phenomena, describe characteristics accurately, and identify causal relationships between variables. Problems that can arise in research include a lack of scientific training, delays in accessing data, human biases, insufficient time and funding, and uncontrolled variables.

1. By : SINTU CHOUDHARY

2. What is Research?
 Research is defined as a scientific and systematic search for
information on a specific topic.
 “Research is a careful and systematized effort of gaining new
knowledge “ :- REDMAN AND MORRY
 “ Research may be defined as the systematic analysis and
recording of controlled observations that may lead to the
developments of generalization principles or theories resulting
in prediction and possibly ultimate control or event “ :- JHON
W.BEST
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3.  According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining and redefining
problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting,
organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching
conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine
whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
 D.Slesinger and M. Stephenson in the Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences
define research as “the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the
purpose of generalising to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that
knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art.”

4. Types of research
 Fundamental research
 It is also known as basic or pure research.
 It is usually considered to involve the search for knowledge without a
defined goal of utility or specific purpose.
 Applied research
 It is also known as a decisional research.
 It is problem oriented and is directed towards a defined and purposeful end.

5. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
• Purpose clearly defined.
• Research process systematic & detailed planed.
• High ethical standards applied.
• Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs.
• Finding presented clearly.
• Conclusion justified.
• Researcher‘s experienced reflected.

6. Research methods vs research methodology
 Research methods : Research methods refers to the methods or
technique which researcher used in performing research
operation.
 Research methodology : It may be understood as a science or
studying how research is done scientifically.

7. Components of Research
1. Title
2. Introduction
3. Statement of problem
4. Review of literature
5. Objective of study
6. Hypothesis for the study
7. Research design & methodology
8. Conceptual framework
9. Report writing
10. Conclusion
11. Select bibliography

8. Objective
 The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which
has not been discovered as yet.
 To explore new things.
 To develop new tools and techniques.
 To gain familiarity with phenomenon : exploratory or formulative research
studies
 To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual , situation
or a group : descriptive research studies
 To determine the frequency with witch something occurs or with witch
associated with something else : diagnostic research studies
 To indentify the casual relationship between variables : hypothesis-testing
research studies

9. Problem encountered by research
• Lack of scientific training .
• Difficulty of timely availability of published data.
• human tendency.
• time and money.
• Insufficient interaction between guide and researcher.
• No code of conduct for researchers.
• Uncontrolled variables.