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By : SINTU CHOUDHARY
What is Research?
 Research is defined as a scientific and systematic search for
information on a specific topic.
 “Research is a careful and systematized effort of gaining new
knowledge “ :- REDMAN AND MORRY
 “ Research may be defined as the systematic analysis and
recording of controlled observations that may lead to the
developments of generalization principles or theories resulting
in prediction and possibly ultimate control or event “ :- JHON
W.BEST
…Continue
 According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining and redefining
problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting,
organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching
conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine
whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
 D.Slesinger and M. Stephenson in the Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences
define research as “the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the
purpose of generalising to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that
knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art.”
Types of research
 Fundamental research
 It is also known as basic or pure research.
 It is usually considered to involve the search for knowledge without a
defined goal of utility or specific purpose.
 Applied research
 It is also known as a decisional research.
 It is problem oriented and is directed towards a defined and purposeful end.
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
• Purpose clearly defined.
• Research process systematic & detailed planed.
• High ethical standards applied.
• Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs.
• Finding presented clearly.
• Conclusion justified.
• Researcher‘s experienced reflected.
Research methods vs research methodology
 Research methods : Research methods refers to the methods or
technique which researcher used in performing research
operation.
 Research methodology : It may be understood as a science or
studying how research is done scientifically.
Components of Research
1. Title
2. Introduction
3. Statement of problem
4. Review of literature
5. Objective of study
6. Hypothesis for the study
7. Research design & methodology
8. Conceptual framework
9. Report writing
10. Conclusion
11. Select bibliography
Objective
 The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which
has not been discovered as yet.
 To explore new things.
 To develop new tools and techniques.
 To gain familiarity with phenomenon : exploratory or formulative research
studies
 To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual , situation
or a group : descriptive research studies
 To determine the frequency with witch something occurs or with witch
associated with something else : diagnostic research studies
 To indentify the casual relationship between variables : hypothesis-testing
research studies
Problem encountered by research
• Lack of scientific training .
• Difficulty of timely availability of published data.
• human tendency.
• time and money.
• Insufficient interaction between guide and researcher.
• No code of conduct for researchers.
• Uncontrolled variables.

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Research methodology

  • 1. By : SINTU CHOUDHARY
  • 2. What is Research?  Research is defined as a scientific and systematic search for information on a specific topic.  “Research is a careful and systematized effort of gaining new knowledge “ :- REDMAN AND MORRY  “ Research may be defined as the systematic analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the developments of generalization principles or theories resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control or event “ :- JHON W.BEST …Continue
  • 3.  According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.  D.Slesinger and M. Stephenson in the Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences define research as “the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalising to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art.”
  • 4. Types of research  Fundamental research  It is also known as basic or pure research.  It is usually considered to involve the search for knowledge without a defined goal of utility or specific purpose.  Applied research  It is also known as a decisional research.  It is problem oriented and is directed towards a defined and purposeful end.
  • 5. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH • Purpose clearly defined. • Research process systematic & detailed planed. • High ethical standards applied. • Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs. • Finding presented clearly. • Conclusion justified. • Researcher‘s experienced reflected.
  • 6. Research methods vs research methodology  Research methods : Research methods refers to the methods or technique which researcher used in performing research operation.  Research methodology : It may be understood as a science or studying how research is done scientifically.
  • 7. Components of Research 1. Title 2. Introduction 3. Statement of problem 4. Review of literature 5. Objective of study 6. Hypothesis for the study 7. Research design & methodology 8. Conceptual framework 9. Report writing 10. Conclusion 11. Select bibliography
  • 8. Objective  The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.  To explore new things.  To develop new tools and techniques.  To gain familiarity with phenomenon : exploratory or formulative research studies  To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual , situation or a group : descriptive research studies  To determine the frequency with witch something occurs or with witch associated with something else : diagnostic research studies  To indentify the casual relationship between variables : hypothesis-testing research studies
  • 9. Problem encountered by research • Lack of scientific training . • Difficulty of timely availability of published data. • human tendency. • time and money. • Insufficient interaction between guide and researcher. • No code of conduct for researchers. • Uncontrolled variables.