Reptiles evolved from amphibian-like ancestors and have diversified into many forms like turtles, snakes, and dinosaurs. Reptiles have lungs and lay shelled, amniotic eggs to protect embryos from drying out. The four surviving groups of reptiles are lizards and snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and tuatara. Birds are reptile-like animals that maintain a constant internal temperature through generating their own body heat from metabolism, unlike reptiles which rely on external heat sources.

1. Tedra McNair April 22, 2009 Period, 2 Chapter 31 Reptiles and Birds

2. Evolution of Reptiles Reptiles evolved from amphibian-like ancestors. Reptiles have evolved into unique forms such as: Turtles, snakes , and dinosaurs, but they also have taken on the appearance and habits of other vertebrate groups, such as sharks and dolphins .

3. Form and Function in Reptiles - Reptiles eat a wide variety of foods. -Reptiles have two spongy lungs that provide more gas-exchange area than those of amphibians. However snakes only have one. Respiration Feeding

4. What Is A Reptile? A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes.

5. Form and Function in Reptiles Reproduction Reptiles reproduce by internal fertilization. This is where the male deposits sperm inside of female. A reptilian egg is created to protect the embryo from drying out. This egg is called an amniotic (am-nee- AHT-IK) egg.

6. The Last Survivors The four surviving groups of reptiles are lizards and snakes, crocodilians , turtles and tortoises, and the tuatara (too-uh-TAH-ruh)

7. What Is a Bird? Birds are reptile-like animals that maintain a constant internal body temperature. They include the following: An outer covering of feathers Two legs that are covered in scales and are used for walking and perching. Front limbs modified into wings.

8. Form, Function, and Flight Body Temperature Control Unlike reptiles, birds can generate their own body heat. Animals that generate their own body heat are called endotherms. Feeding Any body heat that a bird loses must be regained by eating food. The more food a bird eats, the more heat energy its metabolism can generate.