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Reproduction 2
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- 2. Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction 1.One Parent 2.Offspring are genetically identicalto the parent 3.Offspring are genetically identical to each other. 1.Two Parents 2.Offspring are genetically different from parents. 3.Offspring are genetically different from each other.
- 3. Sexual Reproduction It “ain’t”only what you think! 1. Involves 2 parents. OR
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- 5. Sexual Reproduction 2. Offspringare genetically different from either parent. – The genes of the offspring are different from the parents. – Half of your chromosomes came from the egg and half from the sperm. – You are not exactly like either parent though you received half of your genes from each parent. – The offspring are different from each other with the exception of identical twins.
- 6. Sexual Reproduction 3. Alwaysinvolves sperm and egg. WAIT! What about those plants? – Pollen contains sperm. – Ovules contain eggs. – Let’s take a closer look…. Video Link
- 7. Reproductive Organs inPlants: Flowers Female Part – Pistil •Has a sticky top part called the stigma. It catches the pollen. •The skinny style holds up the stigma. •The fat bottom is called the ovary. The ovary holds the ovules or eggs. It becomes the fruit. (Draw this)
- 8. Male Part –Stamen •The top yellow part is called the anther . It makes and releases pollen. Pollen contains the sperm. •The stalk is called the filament and it holds the anther up high. Reproductive Organs in Plants: Flowers and Cones
- 9. Pollination Flowers that are pollinated byinsects have bright petals.
- 10. ALL Trees reproducesexually. Some using flowers and some cones. • Most deciduous trees (those with regular leaves that fall off in the winter) reproduce sexually using flowers. • Some attract insects with their pretty petals and nectar. • Most trees do not have pretty petals because the wind pollinates their flowers.
- 11. From Flower toFruit
- 12. Evergreen Trees SexuallyReproduce Using Cones Male Cones - fall off after releasing their pollen in the spring. Female Cones - are green when they receive the pollen. It takes 2 years for the seeds to mature. The cone then opens and releases them.
- 13. From Meiosis toZygote Meiosis Meiosis Fertilization 24 chromosomes 24 chromosomes 48 chromosomes Zygote sperm egg
- 14. Sexual Reproduction inAnimals 1. External fertilization – most common in aquatic animals- because there is water, the sperm can swim. • Oysters and coral and sponges • Fish (spawning) • Amphibians (frogs) 2. Internal fertilization – copulation – male deposits sperm inside the female. • Insects • Snails (Hermaphrodites) • Worms (Hermaphrodites) • Reptiles • Mammals • Birds
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- 17. Asexual Reproduction •One parent. •Parentand offspring genetically identical. •Offspring identical to each other.
- 18. Example: Binary Fission Fission– the division of bacteria into two daughter cells. Bacteria does not have a nucleus so we do not call this mitosis. Bacteria is unicellular – one celled.
- 19. Example: Mitosis Protozoa orlittle animals have a nucleus that divides first.
- 20. Examples of asexualreproduction: Budding Budding – organisms grow an new little copy of themselves. It falls off and lives on its own. Examples: •Yeast •Potatoes •Hydra •Coral •Sponges •Sea Anenomes
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- 22. Examples of asexualreproduction: Runners A stem that grows along the ground from which a new plant and root system grow.
- 23. Examples of asexualreproduction: Cuttings
- 24. Examples of asexualreproduction: Fragmentation and Regeneration Fragmentation - The piece that broke off creates a new organism. Regeneration - The organism regrows the missing piece
- 25. Video Link 1 VideoLink 2
- 26. Examples of asexualreproduction: Parthenogenesis Oleandar Aphid – females give birth to live young that are genetically identical to themselves. No males exist. New Mexico Whiptail Lizard lays eggs that were created by parthenogenesis. They are clones of the mother. 'Virgin Birth' By Shark Confirmed: Second Case Ever ScienceDaily (Oct. 11, 2008) — Scientists have confirmed the second-ever case of a “virgin birth” in a shark, indicating once again that female sharks can reproduce without mating and raising the possibility that many female sharks have this incredible capacity.
- 27. Pros and Consof Sexual and Asexual Reproduction PRO CON Sexual More disease resistant - Have different DNA so if disease wipes out some individuals others may have the genes to resist the infection. Slower - With many animals and plants it can only occur once a year. Organism is in the immature form longer. Asexual Quicker - With many animals and plants it can occur all year long and does not depend on the presence of a male. Thus it can produce more offspring quicker and sooner. Less disease resistant. Have the same DNA so if one individual can get it then all can.