This document defines key terminology related to livestock reproduction and summarizes the anatomy and functions of male and female reproductive systems in various livestock species. It describes the female reproductive cycle including estrus, gestation, parturition and lactation. It also outlines the male reproductive anatomy and production of sperm. Reproductive differences are highlighted for cattle, pigs, sheep, horses and poultry.
Animal reproduction class presentation (ppt)antonievan
The document summarizes animal reproduction across multiple species. It describes the basic processes of copulation, fertilization, embryo development, and birth. It then provides detailed information on the male and female reproductive systems of various livestock, including their structures, functions, and the hormonal control of reproduction. Key aspects covered include the testes and ovaries, gamete production, role of hormones, gestation, and birth.
The document discusses the estrous cycle in various species, including the hormonal control of estrus and ovulation. It also covers signs of impending parturition, stages of labor, common dystocia issues, care of the newborn including colostrum administration and management of failure of passive transfer. Reproductive techniques like estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer are also outlined.
This document discusses animal reproduction, including the hormones involved, male and female reproductive systems, the estrous cycle, gestation, and parturition for various species. It also covers puberty, signs of estrus, artificial insemination techniques, and the benefits and challenges of artificial insemination. Key details are provided on the reproductive processes and hormones involved in cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses.
Goat farming is gaining popularity in the Philippines due to goats' low capital requirements, suitability to small farms, and fast reproduction rate. However, other factors like climate, food availability, market access, and workload must also be considered before starting a goat business. As of 2013, the Philippines had over 3 million goats, most raised on backyard farms. Goat production and prices have remained steady in recent years. The top producing regions are Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayas. Proper housing, fences, pastures, and herd management are needed to successfully raise goats.
1) The document discusses the process of cryopreservation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) semen, including collection, characteristics, diluents, cryoprotectants, freezing, thawing, and use for artificial insemination.
2) Key aspects of cryopreservation include using tris or lactose-based diluents, adding 6-7% glycerol as a cryoprotectant, slow cooling rates, and 2-6 hour equilibration periods.
3) Successful artificial insemination with frozen-thawed buffalo semen can achieve conception rates over 50%, but rates are typically lower than for cattle due to anatomical differences in female buffal
The document summarizes key aspects of pig reproduction including female and male anatomy, the estrous cycle, signs of heat, breeding, pregnancy diagnosis techniques, farrowing, and post-partum events. It describes the female reproductive tract including ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and vagina. It also outlines the male reproductive system including testes, epididymis, and penis. Key events of the estrous cycle, signs of heat in sows, breeding methods, and pregnancy diagnosis techniques are summarized.
Hello. I am Shiba Hari Dhakal , undergraduate student of Agriculture science studying 8th semester in Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur,Nepal. This slide was prepared when I was in Bsc.Ag 5th semester, as an assignment of LPM subject by compiling information from different sources.
This document summarizes various internal and external parasites that affect cattle, including mange, ticks, blood parasites like Theileria and Babesia, gastrointestinal parasites like Ascaris, and tissue parasites such as Fasciola. It also discusses several viral diseases of cattle including foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, and lumpy skin disease. Finally, it outlines bacterial diseases affecting cattle like brucellosis, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, and various forms of mastitis. The document provides pictures and descriptions of lesions and clinical signs for many of these parasitic and infectious conditions.
Animal reproduction class presentation (ppt)antonievan
The document summarizes animal reproduction across multiple species. It describes the basic processes of copulation, fertilization, embryo development, and birth. It then provides detailed information on the male and female reproductive systems of various livestock, including their structures, functions, and the hormonal control of reproduction. Key aspects covered include the testes and ovaries, gamete production, role of hormones, gestation, and birth.
The document discusses the estrous cycle in various species, including the hormonal control of estrus and ovulation. It also covers signs of impending parturition, stages of labor, common dystocia issues, care of the newborn including colostrum administration and management of failure of passive transfer. Reproductive techniques like estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer are also outlined.
This document discusses animal reproduction, including the hormones involved, male and female reproductive systems, the estrous cycle, gestation, and parturition for various species. It also covers puberty, signs of estrus, artificial insemination techniques, and the benefits and challenges of artificial insemination. Key details are provided on the reproductive processes and hormones involved in cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses.
Goat farming is gaining popularity in the Philippines due to goats' low capital requirements, suitability to small farms, and fast reproduction rate. However, other factors like climate, food availability, market access, and workload must also be considered before starting a goat business. As of 2013, the Philippines had over 3 million goats, most raised on backyard farms. Goat production and prices have remained steady in recent years. The top producing regions are Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayas. Proper housing, fences, pastures, and herd management are needed to successfully raise goats.
1) The document discusses the process of cryopreservation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) semen, including collection, characteristics, diluents, cryoprotectants, freezing, thawing, and use for artificial insemination.
2) Key aspects of cryopreservation include using tris or lactose-based diluents, adding 6-7% glycerol as a cryoprotectant, slow cooling rates, and 2-6 hour equilibration periods.
3) Successful artificial insemination with frozen-thawed buffalo semen can achieve conception rates over 50%, but rates are typically lower than for cattle due to anatomical differences in female buffal
The document summarizes key aspects of pig reproduction including female and male anatomy, the estrous cycle, signs of heat, breeding, pregnancy diagnosis techniques, farrowing, and post-partum events. It describes the female reproductive tract including ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and vagina. It also outlines the male reproductive system including testes, epididymis, and penis. Key events of the estrous cycle, signs of heat in sows, breeding methods, and pregnancy diagnosis techniques are summarized.
Hello. I am Shiba Hari Dhakal , undergraduate student of Agriculture science studying 8th semester in Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur,Nepal. This slide was prepared when I was in Bsc.Ag 5th semester, as an assignment of LPM subject by compiling information from different sources.
This document summarizes various internal and external parasites that affect cattle, including mange, ticks, blood parasites like Theileria and Babesia, gastrointestinal parasites like Ascaris, and tissue parasites such as Fasciola. It also discusses several viral diseases of cattle including foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, and lumpy skin disease. Finally, it outlines bacterial diseases affecting cattle like brucellosis, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, and various forms of mastitis. The document provides pictures and descriptions of lesions and clinical signs for many of these parasitic and infectious conditions.
This document discusses dairy cattle herd management and includes the following key points:
1. Herds can be divided into pregnant, breeding, heifer, steer/feeder, and bull herds to ensure appropriate nutrition and prevent issues like premature breeding.
2. Breeding females like lactating/pregnant cows and open cows/replacement heifers require specific management including separation during pregnancy and provision of proper feed.
3. Calves, growers, and fatteners have distinct management needs depending on their stage such as colostrum intake for calves and grazing for growers.
4. Herd health management involves hygiene, vaccination programs, parasite control, and prevention of common
Introductory presentation to goats in general and a variety of breeds an agriculture student would be likely to encounter. Appropriate for a high school agriculture class
This document discusses the characteristics and management of breeding boars. It notes that boars are important for pig enterprises as they can produce 15-20 times as many offspring per year as breeding females. It provides details on the physical characteristics of boars as well as their semen characteristics. The document recommends feeding and housing practices for boars and provides guidance on the number of boars needed for different sized sow populations.
The document discusses hormones involved in reproduction in domestic animals. It describes hormones produced in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads, placenta, and other reproductive tissues. These include GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, inhibin, relaxin, and others. It provides details on their functions, mechanisms of action, analogs used for control of reproduction, and clinical applications in various species.
Male Reproductive Anatomy - Univ. of Winsconsin (Madison)Garry D. Lasaga
This document describes the anatomy and function of the male reproductive system in bulls. It details the structures involved in sperm production (testes, epididymis), maturation (epididymis), storage (epididymis, seminal vesicles), and delivery (vas deferens, penis). Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes at a rate of 1-25 billion sperm per day. The epididymis is where sperm mature and are stored until ejaculation, with the tail containing 10-50 billion sperm. Upon sexual stimulation, smooth muscle contractions propel the sperm through the vas deferens and out of the penis.
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of bovine reproduction. It describes the main female and male reproductive organs of cows and their functions in the estrous cycle, fertilization, gestation, parturition, and lactation. It also discusses breeding methods for cattle like natural mating, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer.
This document provides definitions and discusses the anatomy and functions of the reproductive systems of male and female animals. It describes the supporting tissues, proper reproductive organs, hormones, and clinical uses of reproductive hormones for both genders. The summary is:
The document defines reproduction and obstetrics, and describes the anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, accessory glands, penis, and prepuce. It also discusses reproductive hormones like FSH, LH, progesterone, testosterone, oxytocin, and prostaglandins, and their
This document discusses housing requirements for different types of pigs. Good housing helps farmers successfully raise piglets to market weight. Pigs' housing needs change with their growth stages and temperatures must be regulated. Specific housing guidelines are provided for boar pens, gilt/sow pens, farrowing pens, weaner/finishing houses, and outdoor options. Key factors discussed include pen sizes, ventilation, temperature control, and infrastructure for feeding, watering, and waste removal. Proper housing is important to the health and productivity of pig farming.
The term anatomy refers to the science that deals with the form and structure of animals. Physiology deals with the study of functions of the body or any of its parts. A thorough knowledge of the structure of an animal imparts a lot of information about the various functions it is capable of performing.
The course may be used as an introductory course to further studies; to assist you in recognising the normal, in order to determine the abnormal; to help you understand how to diagnose disease or determine if an animal has sustained an injury; to help understand the physical capabilities or limitations of particular species; to understand what happens in the nutrition and growth processes; and to assist you to get better performance from your animals.
1. Reproduction and infertility in female buffaloes is influenced by factors like season, age at puberty, estrus cycle length, and breeding methods. Common reproductive issues include delayed puberty, anestrus, and metritis.
2. Transrectal palpation and ultrasonography are used to detect estrus and diagnose pregnancy. Bacterial diseases like brucellosis and viral diseases can cause infertility and abortion in buffaloes.
3. Metritis and endometritis are common post-partum issues treated with antibiotics and uterine lavage. Other uterine conditions like pyometra and mucometra require drainage and prostaglandin administration.
This document discusses out-of-season breeding and accelerated birthing in sheep and goats. It notes that breeding sheep and goats outside their typical season can allow marketing animals when prices are higher and provide other advantages. However, litter sizes may be smaller and the animals' seasonal breeding habits must be overcome. Accelerated birthing programs aim to increase productivity by having multiple birthing periods per year through shortened intervals between births. Both practices present challenges around winter birthing, nutrition, facilities, and labor. The document reviews approaches to induce out-of-season breeding like genetic selection, male introduction, hormones, and light manipulation. It also describes some accelerated birthing programs and their schedules.
Hereditary factors can cause various forms of infertility in females. Some key hereditary causes mentioned in the document include true hermaphroditism, where both ovarian and testicular tissue is present; White Heifer Disease, where recessive genes cause Mullerian duct abnormalities leading to issues like uterine unicorns; and ovarian aplasia or hypoplasia, where one or both ovaries are missing or underdeveloped causing sterility. Developmental abnormalities of the uterus, cervix or vagina can also persist due to genetic factors. Females with these hereditary conditions often have impaired fertility or are completely sterile.
The document summarizes and compares key reproductive parameters of male and female farm animals. It describes the main components of the male reproductive system, including testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis. It also details semen characteristics like volume, sperm count, pH for bulls, stallions, rams, and boars. Additionally, it outlines the female reproductive system including ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Reproductive traits of cows, ewes, mares, sows, and other species are compared, such as gestation period, age at first birth, and lifetime births. The reproductive anatomy and placentation types of cattle, horses, pigs
Conventional method of oestrus synchronization in sheepILRI
Presented by Zeleke Mekuriaw at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
This document provides tips on raising swine in the Philippines. It discusses selecting appropriate breeds of pigs depending on purpose and conditions. Common breeds include Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Berkshire. Guidelines are provided on housing, facilities, breeding management, farrowing, nursing piglets, weaning, growing and finishing pigs. Routine healthcare practices like deworming and vaccination are also outlined.
The document discusses heat detection in cattle. It describes the biological process of estrus cycles and signs of heat including standing to be mounted, restlessness, and clear vaginal mucus discharge. It emphasizes the importance of observing cattle at least twice daily as heat periods can be missed if only observed once. It provides guidance on when is the optimal time for insemination in dairy and beef cattle to achieve highest fertility rates.
Induction of parturition & elective termination of pregnancyMahalingeshwara Mali
this ppt briefs about induction of parturition and elective termination of pregnancy in farm and pet animals, which may be helpful for the veterinary undergraduates, field veterinarians, and farm managers to extend their knowledge in this aspect.
This document provides an overview of broiler production, including definitions of broilers, advantages of broiler rearing, farm location and layout considerations, housing design and equipment, management practices at different growth stages, nutrition, vaccination, and performance metrics. Key points covered include broilers being chickens bred for meat production reaching slaughter weight in 4-7 weeks, low initial investment and quick returns being advantages, and housing, feeding, health and routine management being essential to optimize growth and efficiency.
This document discusses terminology, systems, and processes related to animal reproduction and genetics. It defines key terms like estrus, gestation, and parturition. It describes the female and male reproductive systems of various livestock, noting ovaries, uterus, testicles, and other organs. It explains breeding systems like purebreeding, crossbreeding, and inbreeding. It covers the estrous cycle, gestation periods, and ovulation rates. It also discusses cell division, fertilization, chromosomes, genes, and dominant/recessive traits. Punnett squares are introduced as a tool for predicting genotypes and phenotypes.
This document discusses animal reproduction and genetics terminology and concepts. It defines key terms related to reproductive management and breeding systems. It describes the male and female reproductive systems of various livestock species and their functions. It covers ovulation, estrus, gestation, parturition, and lactation. It also discusses breeding systems such as purebreeding, crossbreeding, inbreeding, and linebreeding. Additionally, it covers cell division, fertilization, chromosomes, genes, Mendelian inheritance, and predicting genotypes using Punnett squares. Finally, it discusses the concept of heritability and provides examples of heritability estimates for various traits in beef and swine.
This document discusses dairy cattle herd management and includes the following key points:
1. Herds can be divided into pregnant, breeding, heifer, steer/feeder, and bull herds to ensure appropriate nutrition and prevent issues like premature breeding.
2. Breeding females like lactating/pregnant cows and open cows/replacement heifers require specific management including separation during pregnancy and provision of proper feed.
3. Calves, growers, and fatteners have distinct management needs depending on their stage such as colostrum intake for calves and grazing for growers.
4. Herd health management involves hygiene, vaccination programs, parasite control, and prevention of common
Introductory presentation to goats in general and a variety of breeds an agriculture student would be likely to encounter. Appropriate for a high school agriculture class
This document discusses the characteristics and management of breeding boars. It notes that boars are important for pig enterprises as they can produce 15-20 times as many offspring per year as breeding females. It provides details on the physical characteristics of boars as well as their semen characteristics. The document recommends feeding and housing practices for boars and provides guidance on the number of boars needed for different sized sow populations.
The document discusses hormones involved in reproduction in domestic animals. It describes hormones produced in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads, placenta, and other reproductive tissues. These include GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, inhibin, relaxin, and others. It provides details on their functions, mechanisms of action, analogs used for control of reproduction, and clinical applications in various species.
Male Reproductive Anatomy - Univ. of Winsconsin (Madison)Garry D. Lasaga
This document describes the anatomy and function of the male reproductive system in bulls. It details the structures involved in sperm production (testes, epididymis), maturation (epididymis), storage (epididymis, seminal vesicles), and delivery (vas deferens, penis). Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes at a rate of 1-25 billion sperm per day. The epididymis is where sperm mature and are stored until ejaculation, with the tail containing 10-50 billion sperm. Upon sexual stimulation, smooth muscle contractions propel the sperm through the vas deferens and out of the penis.
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of bovine reproduction. It describes the main female and male reproductive organs of cows and their functions in the estrous cycle, fertilization, gestation, parturition, and lactation. It also discusses breeding methods for cattle like natural mating, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer.
This document provides definitions and discusses the anatomy and functions of the reproductive systems of male and female animals. It describes the supporting tissues, proper reproductive organs, hormones, and clinical uses of reproductive hormones for both genders. The summary is:
The document defines reproduction and obstetrics, and describes the anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, accessory glands, penis, and prepuce. It also discusses reproductive hormones like FSH, LH, progesterone, testosterone, oxytocin, and prostaglandins, and their
This document discusses housing requirements for different types of pigs. Good housing helps farmers successfully raise piglets to market weight. Pigs' housing needs change with their growth stages and temperatures must be regulated. Specific housing guidelines are provided for boar pens, gilt/sow pens, farrowing pens, weaner/finishing houses, and outdoor options. Key factors discussed include pen sizes, ventilation, temperature control, and infrastructure for feeding, watering, and waste removal. Proper housing is important to the health and productivity of pig farming.
The term anatomy refers to the science that deals with the form and structure of animals. Physiology deals with the study of functions of the body or any of its parts. A thorough knowledge of the structure of an animal imparts a lot of information about the various functions it is capable of performing.
The course may be used as an introductory course to further studies; to assist you in recognising the normal, in order to determine the abnormal; to help you understand how to diagnose disease or determine if an animal has sustained an injury; to help understand the physical capabilities or limitations of particular species; to understand what happens in the nutrition and growth processes; and to assist you to get better performance from your animals.
1. Reproduction and infertility in female buffaloes is influenced by factors like season, age at puberty, estrus cycle length, and breeding methods. Common reproductive issues include delayed puberty, anestrus, and metritis.
2. Transrectal palpation and ultrasonography are used to detect estrus and diagnose pregnancy. Bacterial diseases like brucellosis and viral diseases can cause infertility and abortion in buffaloes.
3. Metritis and endometritis are common post-partum issues treated with antibiotics and uterine lavage. Other uterine conditions like pyometra and mucometra require drainage and prostaglandin administration.
This document discusses out-of-season breeding and accelerated birthing in sheep and goats. It notes that breeding sheep and goats outside their typical season can allow marketing animals when prices are higher and provide other advantages. However, litter sizes may be smaller and the animals' seasonal breeding habits must be overcome. Accelerated birthing programs aim to increase productivity by having multiple birthing periods per year through shortened intervals between births. Both practices present challenges around winter birthing, nutrition, facilities, and labor. The document reviews approaches to induce out-of-season breeding like genetic selection, male introduction, hormones, and light manipulation. It also describes some accelerated birthing programs and their schedules.
Hereditary factors can cause various forms of infertility in females. Some key hereditary causes mentioned in the document include true hermaphroditism, where both ovarian and testicular tissue is present; White Heifer Disease, where recessive genes cause Mullerian duct abnormalities leading to issues like uterine unicorns; and ovarian aplasia or hypoplasia, where one or both ovaries are missing or underdeveloped causing sterility. Developmental abnormalities of the uterus, cervix or vagina can also persist due to genetic factors. Females with these hereditary conditions often have impaired fertility or are completely sterile.
The document summarizes and compares key reproductive parameters of male and female farm animals. It describes the main components of the male reproductive system, including testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis. It also details semen characteristics like volume, sperm count, pH for bulls, stallions, rams, and boars. Additionally, it outlines the female reproductive system including ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Reproductive traits of cows, ewes, mares, sows, and other species are compared, such as gestation period, age at first birth, and lifetime births. The reproductive anatomy and placentation types of cattle, horses, pigs
Conventional method of oestrus synchronization in sheepILRI
Presented by Zeleke Mekuriaw at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
This document provides tips on raising swine in the Philippines. It discusses selecting appropriate breeds of pigs depending on purpose and conditions. Common breeds include Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Berkshire. Guidelines are provided on housing, facilities, breeding management, farrowing, nursing piglets, weaning, growing and finishing pigs. Routine healthcare practices like deworming and vaccination are also outlined.
The document discusses heat detection in cattle. It describes the biological process of estrus cycles and signs of heat including standing to be mounted, restlessness, and clear vaginal mucus discharge. It emphasizes the importance of observing cattle at least twice daily as heat periods can be missed if only observed once. It provides guidance on when is the optimal time for insemination in dairy and beef cattle to achieve highest fertility rates.
Induction of parturition & elective termination of pregnancyMahalingeshwara Mali
this ppt briefs about induction of parturition and elective termination of pregnancy in farm and pet animals, which may be helpful for the veterinary undergraduates, field veterinarians, and farm managers to extend their knowledge in this aspect.
This document provides an overview of broiler production, including definitions of broilers, advantages of broiler rearing, farm location and layout considerations, housing design and equipment, management practices at different growth stages, nutrition, vaccination, and performance metrics. Key points covered include broilers being chickens bred for meat production reaching slaughter weight in 4-7 weeks, low initial investment and quick returns being advantages, and housing, feeding, health and routine management being essential to optimize growth and efficiency.
This document discusses terminology, systems, and processes related to animal reproduction and genetics. It defines key terms like estrus, gestation, and parturition. It describes the female and male reproductive systems of various livestock, noting ovaries, uterus, testicles, and other organs. It explains breeding systems like purebreeding, crossbreeding, and inbreeding. It covers the estrous cycle, gestation periods, and ovulation rates. It also discusses cell division, fertilization, chromosomes, genes, and dominant/recessive traits. Punnett squares are introduced as a tool for predicting genotypes and phenotypes.
This document discusses animal reproduction and genetics terminology and concepts. It defines key terms related to reproductive management and breeding systems. It describes the male and female reproductive systems of various livestock species and their functions. It covers ovulation, estrus, gestation, parturition, and lactation. It also discusses breeding systems such as purebreeding, crossbreeding, inbreeding, and linebreeding. Additionally, it covers cell division, fertilization, chromosomes, genes, Mendelian inheritance, and predicting genotypes using Punnett squares. Finally, it discusses the concept of heritability and provides examples of heritability estimates for various traits in beef and swine.
The document summarizes key aspects of human reproduction. It describes both asexual and sexual reproduction, noting their relative benefits and drawbacks. It then provides detailed information about the male and female reproductive systems, including internal and external reproductive organs, gamete production, hormone regulation, and fertilization processes. Accessory glands that contribute to reproduction are also outlined.
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of mammalian reproductive systems. It describes the key organs involved in both male and female reproductive tracts, including testes, scrotum, urethra, and accessory sex glands in males, and vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, uterine horns, fallopian tubes, and ovaries in females. It also discusses the importance of compatibility and timing between male and female anatomy and physiology for successful reproduction.
The document summarizes male and female reproductive structures and the human reproductive process. It describes the testes, scrotum, and other male reproductive organs. It then outlines the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and other female reproductive organs. It explains the menstrual cycle and how it is regulated by hormones. It details fertilization, implantation of the blastocyst, and the three germ layers formed during gastrulation. Finally, it provides an overview of pregnancy in three trimesters, fetal growth, and birth.
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It explains that the testes in males produce sperm and hormones, and sperm travel through the vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicles and urethra. In females, eggs are produced in the ovaries and travel through the fallopian tubes, while the uterus nourishes a developing fetus. Fertilization occurs when sperm enters an egg cell in the fallopian tubes, forming a zygote that implants in the uterus.
The document provides an overview of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the key organs in both systems, including their functions and how they work together in processes like sperm production, ovulation, fertilization, and pregnancy. For the male system it covers the testes, penis, scrotum, seminal vesicles, prostate and their roles. For the female it discusses the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Hormonal regulation is also summarized for both reproductive cycles.
Sexual reproduction in Human methods and techniquesMohammedail2
The placenta functions to exchange nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus. It attaches to the uterine wall and connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord. The placenta allows oxygen, glucose, amino acids and salts to pass from the mother's bloodstream to the fetus's bloodstream, while carbon dioxide and urea pass in the opposite direction, into the mother's bloodstream. This exchange occurs across the thin walls of the blood vessels without the bloodstreams directly mixing. The placenta regulates this exchange and protects the fetus from high blood pressure.
Class 12 biology human reproductive ...Bhanu Kalra
Human reproduction involves several key processes:
1. Gametogenesis is the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs) in the gonads through meiosis.
2. Puberty initiates sexual maturation and the ability to reproduce.
3. Fertilization occurs when sperm fuse with eggs, forming a zygote.
4. Gestation is the period of embryonic development from conception until birth.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the key organs involved in reproduction, including their structures and functions. In the male system, it outlines the role of the testes, ducts, and glands in producing and transporting sperm, and the hormones that regulate the process. In the female system, it describes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and other organs, as well as their roles in ovulation, menstruation, and the monthly cycles.
The male reproductive system functions to produce, store, nourish, and transport gametes and facilitate fertilization. It includes the testes, ducts, accessory glands, and external genitalia. The testes produce sperm through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Mature sperm are stored and mature in the epididymis before passing through the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and urethra to be ejaculated. Hormones regulate sperm production and male sexual characteristics. Common diseases include hydrocele, benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostate cancer, and erectile dysfunction.
The document provides an overview of the human reproductive system, including its anatomy, physiology, development and functions. It describes the key structures and roles of the male and female reproductive systems, from gamete production and fertilization to childbirth. Key topics covered include the gonads, hormones, menstrual cycle, sexual reproduction and development from fertilization through the embryonic stages.
The document describes the male and female reproductive systems. It discusses the key parts of the male system including the scrotum, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostate gland, urethra and penis. It also outlines the major parts of the female system such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia. Additionally, it provides an overview of menstruation, embryonic and fetal development, and the three trimesters of pregnancy.
The document describes the anatomy and functions of the female bovine reproductive tract. It discusses the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia. The oviduct receives ova from the ovaries and transports them to the uterus where fertilization occurs. The uterus provides nourishment and protection to the developing embryo/fetus. The cervix regulates passage between the uterus and vagina. The vagina and external genitalia facilitate copulation and birth. Glands and contractions throughout the tract help with sperm transport, fertilization, implantation, and birth.
The document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the key parts of the male reproductive system including the testes, scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate gland, urethra, and penis. It also describes the key parts of the female reproductive system including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The document discusses the functions of these parts and the processes of sperm production, maturation, and ejaculation in males and ovulation and the menstrual cycle in females.
The male reproductive system produces and transports sperm and releases it into the female vagina. The testes produce sperm, which travel through the epididymis, ductus deferens, and urethra. These ducts receive fluids from accessory glands like the seminal vesicles and prostate to nourish and transport sperm. During ejaculation, semen containing sperm is expelled from the urethra by the penis into the vagina to fertilize an egg.
The male reproductive system produces sperm and testosterone. The testes produce sperm and are held in the scrotum outside of the body. During arousal, blood flows into the penis causing it to erect. The female reproductive system produces eggs and menstrual cycles. The ovaries produce eggs that travel through the fallopian tubes to the uterus. During ovulation, an egg is released and may be fertilized if sperm are present. Both systems undergo changes during puberty to support reproduction.
Sexual and asexual reproduction are the two main types of reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form offspring, while asexual reproduction requires only one individual and creates offspring without gamete fusion. Examples of asexual reproduction include budding, where new individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones. Sexual reproduction can involve external fertilization, where eggs and sperm fuse outside the body, or internal fertilization within the female reproductive tract. Pregnancy in humans involves three trimesters of fetal development, labor and birth in the third trimester, and potential lactation afterwards. Contraception aims to prevent pregnancy through methods that block the release of eggs and sperm, keep them apart,
1 GNM anatomy Unit - 10 Repro System.pptxthiru murugan
By:M. Thiru murugan
Unit – 10:
Structure and functions of the female reproductive system
Process of menstrual cycle, reproduction and menopause
Structure and functions of breasts
Structure and functions of the male reproductive system
Reproductive health
Reproductive system:
The organs involved in producing offspring (a person's child or children).
In women, this system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the vagina.
In men, it includes the prostate, the testes, and the penis.
The female reproductive system
The female reproductive system plays many vital functions that ensure the continuation of the human race
Located in the pelvic cavity
Parts:
It consist of
External genitalia
Internal genitalia
External genitalia:
Labia minora
Labia majora
Clitoris
Vaginal orifice
Internal genitalia:
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Vagina:
A muscular tube, that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body.
During intercourse, the vagina receives the male’s penis and semen.
Birth canal that the baby passes through in a normal delivery.
Ovaries:
Small almond-shaped glands that produce ova and the female sex hormones located on both sides of the uterus within the pelvic cavity.
In charge of ovulation and producing the female sex hormones.
The hormones are responsible for getting the lining of the uterus prepared for a fertilized ovum
Uterus:
Hollow organ (also called womb)
Fetus (unborn baby) develops and grows.
Contractions to the walls propels the baby during delivery through the birth canal in a normal delivery
Parts: fundus, body & cervix
The fundus is the broad curved upper area in which the fallopian tubes connect to the uterus;
The body, the main part of the uterus,
The cervix, extends downward and opens into the vagina.
Uterus has 3 layers:
The endometrium is the inner layer
The myometrium is the middle layer
The perimetrium is the outer layer
Function of uterus:
The uterus receives a fertilized egg and protects the fetus (baby) while it grows and develops.
The uterus contracts to push the baby out of the body during birth.
Every month, except when a woman is pregnant, the lining of the uterus grows and thickens in preparation for pregnancy.
If the woman doesn’t get pregnant, the lining is shed through the cervix into the vagina and out of the body. This is called menstruation.
The function of the female reproductive System:
The female reproductive system produces ova (the female reproductive cell)
Provides a location for fertilization
Growth of a fetus
Secretes female sex hormones
The breast produce milk to nourish the newborn.
Menstruation:
Menstruation, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle.
Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus sheds its lining. The menstrual blood is partly blood and partly tissue from inside the uterus. It passes out of the body through the vagina.
Menstrual cycle:
Con
The document discusses human reproduction, including the male and female reproductive systems and processes. Some key points:
1. It describes the major events in human sexual reproduction - gamete formation, puberty, fertilization, implantation, gestation, and parturition.
2. It provides an overview of the male reproductive system, including the testes, accessory ducts and glands, and external genitalia. Spermatogenesis and the role of hormones are also summarized.
3. The female reproductive system is outlined, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia. Oogenesis and the menstrual cycle are briefly explained.
Similar to reproductive-structures-and-cycles-NXPowerLite.ppt (20)
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
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Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
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Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
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This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
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2. Terminology
• Reproductive cyclicity
– Provides females with repeated
opportunities to become pregnant
• Estrous Cycle
– Physiologic events that occur
between periods of sexual receptivity
and/or ovulations
• Estrus
– Period of female sexual receptivity
3. Terminology
• Castration
– Removing the testicles of the male
to prevent breeding
• Anestrus
– Condition when females do not
exhibit regular estrous cycles
• Gestation
– Time an animal is pregnant
4. Terminology
• Parturition
– The act of giving birth
• Lactation
– Period of time that milk is secreted
by the mammary glands
• Colustrum
– First milk containing a high content
of antibodies providing temporary
immunity to the offspring
9. Ovary
• Female gonad comparable to the male
testicle
– Site of gamete production
– Bovine have 20,000 potential eggs (ova)
per ovary, humans have 400,000
potential eggs per ovary
– Ova are fully developed at puberty and
are not continuously produced as in the
male
– The hen has only a left functioning ovary
10. Ovaries Continued
• Suspended by mesovarium
• Shape varies by species
– Cattle-almond shaped
– Horses- bean shaped
– Sheep- round
– Swine- lobular
12. Functions of the Ovaries
• Gamete production
• Secrete estrogen (hormone)
• absence of muscle development
• development of mammary glands
• development of reproductive
systems and external genitalia
• fat deposition on hips and stomach
(source of energy)
• triggering of heat
• Form the corpus luteum
13. Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes)
• Pair of small tubes leading from the
ovaries to the horns of the uterus
– Site of fertilization
– Supported by mesosalpinx
– 3 to 4 days for egg to travel down
oviducts
• Infundibulum - funnel shaped portion
of the fallopian tube that catches the
ovulated egg
14. Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes)
• Functions:
– Ovum transport
– Sperm storage and capacitation
– Fertilization (AI)
– Early embryo development
16. Uterus
• Muscular sac connecting fallopian
tubes and cervix
• Consists of a body and two horns
– Cow, ewe, and mare (bicornuate)
– Sow has only horns, no body
– Woman has no horns (simplex)
17. Uterus Functions
• Sustains sperm and aids in its
transport
• Maternal placenta - supports embryo
and fetus during gestation
• Expels fetus at parturition
• Control of cyclicity
19. Cervix
• Area between the uterus and vagina
• Normally closed; opens at estrus and
parturition
• Functions:
– Lubrication
– Flushing
– Barrier to foreign material or bacteria
20. Cervix – Species Differences
• Cow and ewe -
annular rings
• Sow - corkscrew
• Mare - longitudinal
folds
21. Vagina and Vulva
• Vagina: connects the
cervix to the external
genitalia and serves as
the female copulatory
organ
• Vulva: external tissue of
the female reproductive
tract, receives penis
during copulation
27. Reproductive Functions (Female)
• Steps in the female reproductive
process:
1. Ovulation
— Produce gamete (ova or ovum)
— Release of egg(s)
— Infundibulum pushes the ovum into the
fallopian tube
29. Ovulation Rates by Species
Species Ovulation Rate
Cow 1 egg/estrus
Ewe 1 - 3 eggs/estrus
Sow 10 - 20 eggs/estrus
Mare 1 egg/estrus
Hen ~ 28 eggs/month
30. Reproductive Functions (Female)
2. Estrus (heat, estrous period)
– Period of time when a female will accept a
male in copulation
– The female must stand (standing heat)
to be mounted before the reproductive
process can begin
– Estrus detection methods: visual
inspection, teaser animals, marker aids
31. Types of Cyclicity
• Polyestrus - uniform distribution of
estrous cycles occurring regularly
throughout the year
– Cow, sow
• Seasonal Polyestrus - “periods” of estrous
cycles occurring only during certain
seasons of the year
– Sheep, goat, deer, mare
• Monoestrus - only one cycle per year,
often lasting several days
– Dogs, wolves, bear, fox
32. Timing of Events in the
Reproductive Cycle
Species Length of
Estrous
Cycle
Duration of
Estrus
Time of
ovulation
Ewe 17 days 24-36 hours 24-30 hrs from
estrus onset
Goat 21 days 32-40 hours 30-36 hrs from
estrus onset
Sow 21 days 48-72 hours 35-45 hrs from
estrus onset
Cow 21 days 18-19 hours 10-11 hrs after
onset of estrus
Mare 21 days 4-8 days 1-2 days
before end of
estrus
33. Reproductive Functions (Female)
3. Gestation
— Fertilization to parturition
— Develop embryo in uterus
4. Parturition
— Expel fully developed young at birth
5. Lactation
— Milk production
34. Reproductive Terminology
Species Act Offspring
Cow calving calf
Ewe lambing lamb
Sow farrowing piglet
Hen hatching chick
Mare foaling foal
Goat kidding kid
35. Gestation and Lactation Periods
Species Gestation Period
(days)
Lactation Period
(days)
Cow 275 - 285 beef 180 - 270
dairy 305 - 365
Ewe 115 - 142 60 - 90 - 120
Sow 112 - 115 21 - 42
Mare 330 - 345 90 - 150
Woman 270 ? (years)
39. Male Reproductive Tract
• Scrotum - external sac that holds
testicles outside of the body
– Maintains sperm 4-5oF cooler than
the body temperature
• Testicles - primary male organs of
reproduction
– Produce sperm
– Secrete testosterone
40. Cryptorchidism
• Failure of one or both testes to
descend into the scrotum
– Unilateral: one testis does not
descend
•testis that descends is fertile;
reduced sperm concentrations
– Bilateral- neither testes descend into
scrotum
•Results in sterility due to elevated
temperature of both testes
41. Male Reproductive Tract
• Epididymis: long coiled
tube that is a path for
sperm
– Provide passageway for
sperm out of the
seminiferous tubules
– Storage for sperm
– Fluid secretion to nourish
sperm
– Place for sperm maturation
42. Male Reproductive Tract
• Vas Deferens - slender tube from
epididymis to urethra
– Moves sperm to the urethra at
ejaculation
• Urethra - long tube from bladder to
penis
– Passageway for urine and sperm
out of the body
43. Male Reproductive Tract
• Penis - male organ of copulation
which conveys semen and urine out
of the body
• Penis retractor muscle - allows
extension and retraction of the
penis; sigmoid flexure extends in
copulation
44. Fibroelastic vs. Vascular Penis
• Fibroelastic: erection extends the length
of penis rather than diameter
– Bull, Ram, Boar
• Vascular: composed of specialized
tissues that fill with blood causing the
penis to become turgid during erection
– Stallion
45. Male Reproductive Tract
Accessory Glands:
• Seminal vesicles- add fructose and
citric acid to nourish the sperm
• Prostate Gland - located at the neck of
the bladder
– Cleans the urethra prior to and
during ejaculation
– Provides minerals for sperm
– Provides the medium for sperm
transport
– Gives semen it’s characteristic odor
46. Male Reproductive Tract
• Cowper’s gland
•Also called the Bulbourethral
gland
•Paired organs
•cleans the urethra prior to semen
passage
55. Reproduction in Poultry
The poultry oviduct has five parts:
1) Vagina
– Holds the egg until laid
2) Uterus
– Secretes the shell
3) Isthmus
– Adds the two shell membranes
4) Magnum
– Secretes the albumen
5) Infundibulum
– Where fertilization takes place
56.
57.
58. Reproduction in Poultry
• Major difference:
– Embryo of livestock develop inside the
female’s body while the embryo of poultry
develops inside the egg.
• Poultry only have the left ovary and
oviduct when mature
• The yoke is the ovum
• Chicken Incubation
– 21 days