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Reproduction dr t simbini

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Emily Jamela
Emily Jamela

The document provides an overview of human reproductive physiology, including: - The primary reproductive organs are the gonads which produce gametes and sex hormones. - Sex differentiation in the embryo is determined by sex chromosomes, with XX becoming ovaries and XY becoming testes. - Gametogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis to produce gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes.

EducationTechnologyHealth & Medicine
1 of 91
Reproductive Physiology By: Dr. T. Simbini
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sex Chromosomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Principles Gametogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Extra notes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Embryology of the human reproductive system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathophysiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathophysiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Puberty ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Male Reproductive System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Male Reproductive System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood – testis barrier ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spermatogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spermatogenesis Spermatogonia Primary spermatocyte Secondary spermatocyte Spermatids Spermatozoa Mitosis (46) 1 st meiotic division (23) 2 nd meiotic division (23) Differentiation Stages from spermatogonia to spermatids appear to be androgen independent. The maturation of spermatids to spermatozoa depends on androgens acting on the Sertoli cells in which the developing spermatozoa are embedded. FSH acts on the Sertoli cells to facilitate the last stages of spermatid maturation. Spermatozoa leaving the testicle are not fully mobile. Continue maturation and acquire motility during passage through the epididymis. Motility is further improved by relaxin (prostate?). Capacity of sperm to fertilise is further enhanced in the female genital tract. Capacitation enhances sperm adherence to the ovum.
Spermatogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spermatogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sperm characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Erection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Erection MOA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ejaculation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THE FOUR PHASES OF SEXUAL CYCLE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EXCITEMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PLATEAU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MALE ORGASM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EPIDIDYMUS, VAS DEFERENS, URETHRA: EJACULATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FEMALE ORGASM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanism and Effects of Testosterone Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TESTOSTERONE: AT PUBERTY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Physiological effects of testosterone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testosterone vs DHT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Male secondary sexual characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathophysiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Brain-Testicular Axis ,[object Object]
Brain-Testicular Axis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hormonal Regulation of Testicular Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GnRH + TESTES SERTOLI CELL LEYDIG CELL TESTOSTERONE INHIBIN SPERMATOGENESIS FSH LH local - - - Rhythmic release of GnRH from the hypothalamus initiated at puberty
Hormonal Regulation of Testicular Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 26.10
ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Vagina Figure 26.16
UTERUS ,[object Object],[object Object]
CERVIX ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CLITORIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LABIA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
External Genitalia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OVARIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Ovaries Figure 26.14a
OVIDUCTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Female reproductive system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In humans normally only one oocyte from one of two ovaries will continue meiosis. Meiosis II is only completed after sperm penetration! Mechanism for choosing one to development is not understood. Oocytes in the ovary exist as follicles
Follicle growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ovarian Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Follicular Phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Follicular Phase Figure 26.20
Luteal Phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Establishing the Ovarian Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Menses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gonadotropins, Hormones, and the Ovarian and Uterine Cycles Figure 26.22a, b
Hormonal control of the mensrual cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Effects of LH surge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Corpus luteum Hormonal Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hormonal control of uterine changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cyclic changes in Uterine cervix ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Vaginal cycle ,[object Object],[object Object]
Gonadotropins, Hormones, and the Ovarian and Uterine Cycles Figure 26.22c ,d
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extrauterine Effects of Estrogens and Progesterone
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Estrogen-Induced Secondary Sex Characteristics
Cyclic changes in Breast ,[object Object],[object Object]
Indicators of ovulation ,[object Object],[object Object]
CONTROL OF FSH AND LH SECRETION DURING FOLLICULAR PHASE HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GRH + OVARY LOW LEVELS OF ESTROGEN INHIBIN FSH LH
CONTROL OF LH SURGE AT OVULATION HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GNRH + OVARY HIGH LEVELS OF ESTROGEN OVULATION FSH LH MATURE FOLLICLE
FEEDBACK CONTROL DURING LUTEAL PHASE HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GNRH + OVARY HIGH LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE LH CORPUS LUTEUM MODERATE LEVELS OF ESTROGEN
Oestrogen functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Progesterone effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FERTILIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HORMONES OF PREGNANCY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PARTURITION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LACTATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mammary Glands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Breast Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Breast Cancer: Detection and Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
contraception ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
hormonal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
hormonal ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
hormonal ,[object Object]
[object Object]
Abortion/Sterilization ,[object Object],[object Object]
Barrier methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BARRIER METHODS CONT. ,[object Object]
Natural family planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Reproduction dr t simbini

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  • 14. Spermatogenesis Spermatogonia Primary spermatocyte Secondary spermatocyte Spermatids Spermatozoa Mitosis (46) 1 st meiotic division (23) 2 nd meiotic division (23) Differentiation Stages from spermatogonia to spermatids appear to be androgen independent. The maturation of spermatids to spermatozoa depends on androgens acting on the Sertoli cells in which the developing spermatozoa are embedded. FSH acts on the Sertoli cells to facilitate the last stages of spermatid maturation. Spermatozoa leaving the testicle are not fully mobile. Continue maturation and acquire motility during passage through the epididymis. Motility is further improved by relaxin (prostate?). Capacity of sperm to fertilise is further enhanced in the female genital tract. Capacitation enhances sperm adherence to the ovum.
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  • 37. CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GnRH + TESTES SERTOLI CELL LEYDIG CELL TESTOSTERONE INHIBIN SPERMATOGENESIS FSH LH local - - - Rhythmic release of GnRH from the hypothalamus initiated at puberty
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  • 58. Gonadotropins, Hormones, and the Ovarian and Uterine Cycles Figure 26.22a, b
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  • 65. Gonadotropins, Hormones, and the Ovarian and Uterine Cycles Figure 26.22c ,d
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  • 70. CONTROL OF FSH AND LH SECRETION DURING FOLLICULAR PHASE HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GRH + OVARY LOW LEVELS OF ESTROGEN INHIBIN FSH LH
  • 71. CONTROL OF LH SURGE AT OVULATION HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GNRH + OVARY HIGH LEVELS OF ESTROGEN OVULATION FSH LH MATURE FOLLICLE
  • 72. FEEDBACK CONTROL DURING LUTEAL PHASE HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GNRH + OVARY HIGH LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE LH CORPUS LUTEUM MODERATE LEVELS OF ESTROGEN
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Editor's Notes

  1. MIS continues to be secreted by sertoli cells to a peak in 1-2 old boys thereafter declines throughout life In girls mis is produced by granulosa cells in small folliclesin the ovaries