Human reproduction involves the union of male and female reproductive cells. In humans, sexual reproduction occurs through the fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon within the female's reproductive tract. At puberty, females develop breasts and pubic hair and begin menstruating due to increased estrogen production, while males experience voice changes and increased hair and muscle growth due to rising androgen levels. Pregnancy is established when a fertilized ovum implants in the uterus and develops into an embryo and later a fetus, receiving nourishment from the mother via the placenta. Childbirth involves dilation of the cervix and birth of the infant followed by the placenta.

1. HUMAN REPRODUCTION Biology and Geology Ana Isabel Marchal Martínez

2. Reproduction in living beings Reproduction consist of the capacity of living beings to origininate new individuals.

3. Types of reproduction ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

4. Sexuality in human beings. What is the WHO ? How defines the WHO the sexual health? Have a look in your book… and answer the question…

5. Characteristics of human reproduction. Human reproduction is… sexual. When the… ovum and the… spermatozoid are joined it is formed the zygote , which forms an… embryo . The union of these cells is called… fertilisation . The ovum is formed in the… ovary And the spermatozoid in the… testicles . Both of them are called… gametes.

6. Changes during growth Primary sexual characteristics: Present at birth. Female genitalia Male genitalia. Secondary sexual characteristics: appears in the maturity. This changes occurs during a very specifc age which is known as puberty and are the result of the action of sexual hormons.

7. Changes during puberty In the female: Pubic hair and hair under the arms. Distribution of body fats. Development os mammary glands. In the male: The development of public hair. The beard and hair over a large part of the body. An increase in the bones and muscles, change of voice, etc.

8. Diagram of human reproduction.

9. Reproductive organs and cells The female reproductive apparatus The ovaries The falopian tubues The uterus The womb The vagina

10. Reproductive organs and cells The male reproductive apparatus The testicles The epididymis The vas deferens The seminal vesicles The prostate The urethra The penis/ glans / prepuce

11. The reproductive cells The ovum The spermatozoids

12. What are the sexual hormones? The ovaries and the spermatozoids produce substances known as hormones. This hormones are known as sexual hormones. Estrogens are produced in the ovary and are the female sexual hormond. Androgens are produced in the testicles and are the male sexual hormond.

13. Changes during puberty Between 10 and 12 years old in girls Ovaries start to produce ova: ovulation. It starts the fuctioning of the menstrual cycle and appearance of the female secondary characteristics. In the case of boys is later. This mark the beginning of the formation of sexual hormond in the female by the ovary.

14. Sexual maturity Once puberty has passed, both male and female are sexually mature people and capable reproduction . In women, a cyclical activity in ovary is produced with the maturity of the ovum every 28 days. This changes occur until the age of 50, when menstruation becomes irregular and finally disappears. This period is known as menopause or climatery.

15. The menstrual cycle FILMS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjKp5A4S0gc&feature=related MENSTRUATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EISG2NKDKT0&feature=related MENSTRUATION CRAMPS

16. The menstrual cycle Complete the menstrual cycle as for the first day of menstruation. On what days of the cycle is the endometry prepared for receiving a fertilised ovum? On what day of the cycle does the ovum pass a long the Fallopian tube? On what day of the cycle is there more chance os fertilisation?

17. Fertilisation Fertilisation is the union between an ovum and a spermatozoid to form an egg cell or zigote from which a new individual will be formed. AFTER 4 OR 5 DAYS SOME SPERMATOZOIDS DIE.

18. Pregnancy The installation of the embryo on the walls of the placenta is known as nesting. (7 days). The embyo is sorrounded by the chorion. What is the chorion??? The chorion grows and link with the endometry forming the placenta. The placenta is the area of union between the embryo and the mother.

19. Birth FILM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9xfu1qOJzs&feature=related CHILDBIRTH DILATATION OF THE UTERINE NECK EXPULSION OF THE FOETUS EXPULSION OF THE PLACENTA.