This document discusses representation in media and links it to theories of gender and Marxist perspectives. It summarizes John Berger's theory that in traditional representations, men act and women appear, suggesting what can be done to them. This links to how horror films historically represented women as weak and vulnerable but more recent films subvert this by showing women as survivors or villains. It also discusses Karl Marx's view of an unfair society divided between the powerful bourgeoisie and exploited proletariat, and how some horror films represent this unequal dynamic and power imbalance.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Representation refers to the construction in any medium, especially the mass media of
aspects of ‘reality’ such as people, places, objects, events, cultural identities and other
abstract concepts. Such representations may be in speech or writing as well as still or
moving pictures.
all media texts are re-presentations of reality. This means that they are intentionally
composed, lit, written, framed, cropped, captioned, branded, targeted and censored by
their producers, and that they are entirely artificial versions of the reality we perceive
around us. When studying the media it is vital to remember that every media form, from a
home video to a glossy magazine, is a representation of someone's concept of existence,
codified into a series of signs and symbols which can be read by an audience.
3. John Berger- said: “men act and women appear”
Berger points out that traditionally, men and women have different types of social
presence. Men are measured by the degree of power they offer. The power may be in
any number of forms, for example moral, physical, economic etc. A man’s presence
suggests what he may or may not be able to do to or for you. In contrast to this, a
woman’s presence indicates what can or cannot be done to her. Every thing she does
contributes to her presence. She is born into the keeping of men, and from childhood is
taught to survey herself, with the result that her being is split into two, the surveyed and
the surveyor. Her own sense of being is replaced by a sense of being appreciated by
others – ultimately men. He acts, she appears, and she watches herself being looked at.
‘The surveyor of woman in herself is male: the surveyed female. Thus she turns herself into
an object – and most particularly an object of vision: a sight.’
How does this theory link to the horror genre?
John’s theory on representation is shown in horror genre films and they take advantage
of this representation of women been seen as weak and vulnerable. However it has
came to my attention that many horror films have started to go challenge this
representation. In recent horror films the female characters are the survivors and the
men are the ones to die first. Also some films also have the women as the villain that kills
the men which tells the audience that the women is in control and have all power which
subverts the theory. Examples of these horror films that have turned the tables on the
gender stereotypes and representation are films such as I Spit on your Grave, Jennifer's
Body and Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003).
4. Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci – Marxist perspectives
Karl Marx was interested in power. He did a lot of work thinking about how societies
are structured and how they are unfair. His main idea was that the masses (he called
them the proletariat) were controlled or dominated by the elite (the bourgeoisie). The
powerful elite (bourgeoisie) own the means of production and therefore they have
power over the workers (proletariat). This unfair social dominance serves the elite but it
is exploitative of the workers and society is kept like this because it suits those at the top.
The main way this is done is through the superstructure of society (the way people are
influenced) namely religion, education, law, politics. He called all this stuff the
‘ideological state apparatus’. If this didn’t work, then the bourgeoisie would crush their
working classes using the military state apparatus like the army and the police.
This theory is represented in some horror films were the bourgeoisies has a lot of power
and control over the lives taken the film. A example of this is the film ‘The Purge’ this
film clearly follows the theory and represents the society as unfair. In the film we see the
government as the bourgeoisies sending in military state apparatus to kill innocent
working classes that are less wealthy, in a way of lowering the population. Also there
are the wealthy families that have a sense of power and dominance to buy
proletariat's and kill them for there own entertainment. There are also horror films such
as Cabin In the Woods that also follow this representation theory of wealthy, controlled
and dominated characters in society given the power to end peoples lives.