Report on Ganaktuli Sweepers colony, Hazaribagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Studio XII
Report on
Ganaktuli Sweepers Colony, Hazaribagh Thana,
Dhaka.
REAZUL ISLAM
MD. FAISAL CHOWDHURY

Content
• Location of the Site
1. Site Location
2. Site & Surroundings
• Site analysis
1. Sun-path diagram
• A short history of sweepers of
Bangladesh
1. The Dalit of Bangladesh
2. Migration to East-Bengal.
3. Background of Ganoktuli.
• Demographic study of the site
• Existing condition of the site
1. Entry approach.
2. Structure Type.
3. Structure Height & Use.
4. Amenities on the site.
5. Important and Emergency
feature’s distance diagram.
6. Existing Road.
7. Transportation, Infrastructure
& Utility.
8. Existing building plans &
condition.
• Analysis, Recommendations &
Proposals
1. S.W.O.T. analysis.
2. Case study.
3. Proposal.
1-2
3-6
7-9
10-11
12-21
21-29

LocationoftheSite
Site Location
01

LocationOftheSite
Site & Surroundings
Ternary more BDR camp, Zhigatola. New market
Latitude: 23.70*
Longitude: 90.40*
Site area: 1acre
02

03
Siteanalysis
Sun-path diagram
SORCE: http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html, https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/reading-sun-path-diagrams,

04
Siteanalysis
Sun-path diagram

05
Siteanalysis
Sun-path diagram

Siteanalysis
Sun-path diagram
SORCE: http://andrewmarsh.com/apps/releases/sunpath2d.html, https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/reading-sun-path-diagrams, 06

AShortHistoryofSweepersofBangladesh
The Dalit of Bangladesh:
About 3.5-5.5 million sweepers
belonging to the Dalit community
across the country have been passing
an inhuman and sub-standard life
amid unbearable pains, enormous
“ThelowestoftheHinducastes,these‘untouchables’fightforavoice”
“Alifeofhumiliation”
Sweepers are a socially isolated and neglected community of our society. They are
engaged in sweeping and cleaning wastes, human sludge, etc. They are commonly
known as “methor” in our country, though nowadays in Chittagong city they are called
“shebok”. They were named “harijan’’ by Mahatma Gandhi. They are also called “dalit”.
Their service to society never brought them any recognition, rather they are
considered as “untouchable” by the society.
Bangladesh is a country with 140 million
people and it is one of the least developed
countries in the world. There is an
estimated 5.5 million Dalits living in 63
districts in Bangladesh (numbers vary much
according to different sources.) These
people play a significant role in the country’s
economical, environmental and social
development.
Bangladesh Dalits Human Rights
(BDHR) is a non-governmental
organization (NGO) working to
ensure basic rights for Dalits and
improve the standard of living of
around 45 different types of
professions and castes.
SORCE: http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-23665, http://www.dalits.nl/060424.html, http://www.thedailystar.net/news/the-sweepers-a-socially-
excluded-community
sufferings, serious accommodation problem and deep uncertainty. The number of Dalit
people only in the capital is about half million. The sweepers or Dalits, one of the 44
scheduled cast communities, is the most neglected section of the society.
This phenomenon, affecting children the most
with mental, physical and sociological aspects.
07

Migration into East Bengal:
ForefatherswerebroughtfromdifferentprovincesofIndiafrom1834-1840.
Alifeofhumiliation
Later on, after the Liberation war in Bangladesh, the Muslims those who were in
the Kolkata region Migrated to Bangladesh due to find shelter, homage, work and
respect. Many of them eventually turned to sweepers for lack of jobs and facilities.
Most of them are temporary on this job, so therefore they didn’t get any flat or
room from government in the colony. Although they live in that land but yet on a
illegal structure.
SORCE: http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-23665, http://www.thedailystar.net/news/the-sweepers-a-socially-excluded-community,
https://www.upstreamjournal.org/2009/11/the-dalits-of-bangladesh/ 08
After partition in 1947, the arrival of large numbers of migrants from India
led to a huge increase of Dhaka population. Dhaka was then a small urban
area of 6-7 sq. miles only what is now known as Old Dhaka. In 1947 Dhaka
could at best be described as a quiet provincial town with a university
centre. Unlike most colonial major cities, Dhaka did not even boast of a
cantonment. It had 1-2 commercial banks and few industries within its urban
limits. Its population did not possess cosmopolitan characteristics. The first
transformation that Dhaka experienced as a result of partition related to its
demography. The city's population grew by 53.3% between 1947-51 and in
the decade by a staggering 168.6%.
In 1608, on the reign of Mughal, the
sweeper community brought into
Bangladesh. Later, when municipalities
were formed under the British era, a
sizable migration of sweepers occurred
through state-sponsored middlemen.
They were brought to their colonies
around 250 years ago. Referred to as
‘Methors’, Dhangor & Bhangi in Bengali
society. Engaged as laborers for tea plantations and manual works in the
railway department. Sweepers were mostly brought from the Indian cities
of Kanpur, Nagpur, Allahabad & Vishakhapatnam. The colonial masters used
migration to recruit laborers for manual works in their municipalities.
Sweepers were provided free rationing, alcohol & tea as incentives for
engaging in dirty works like- scavenging. Thus the masters insist them to
migrate to sweepers while they need the most.

• The condition of entire colony is nasty and
unhygienic, discomfort environment.
• Small shanties along with serious bad smell
of dirt and garbage.
• Scarcity of pure drinking water all over the
colony is so high.
• Water supply the colony is dirty. There are
only four to five water taps in the colony.
• There is no separate arrangement for the
females.
• The dustbin is located in front of the slum
house due to scarcity of land.
• Many of the families are forced to live for
generations in one small room, which is
only 9 feet by 11 feet in size.
Background of Ganoktuli
On the night of December 31, 2007 the crack developed on the walls and floors in six
rooms of the building developed crack slowly at night from one end to the other, causing
panic among them. All the 40 families residing in the building vacated immediately, fearing
that the building might cave in. But later they came back after DCC engineers examined the
building and announced that it is safe. Renovation of the ground floor started in the first
week of January and the work is supposed to end in three weeks. But the work is going on
at a snail's pace, leaving the 10 families who lived on the ground floor in misery.
Islam however brushed aside any
possibility of danger. Many families
live around the building in shanties by
making a temporary structure.
Over one lakh sweepers live in the Ganoktuli Sweeper Colony located on the side of the
BDR Headquarters at Pilkhana. The people are living, among them 50 percent are
sweepers. There are five buildings for sweepers in Ganaktuli colony, each resided by 40
families. The colony was established on 20 acres of land near BDR Headquarters for a
leprosy hospital, but later it was turned into a sweepers' colony for DCC. The colony was
erected only for the sweepers but local terrorists, muscleman and drug traders and mostly
heroin, liquor and ganza sellers have occupied a major portion of it. Local influential
persons have already forcibly captured about two acres of colony land.
The government slogan ‘Education for All’ carries little value there. For these reasons, some
of the Dalit guardians have sent up their children to nearby schools and colleges by
changing their identity and address. There is no space for walking, enough drainage system
in the colonies. In this condition, the sweepers in deep frustration.
SORCE: http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-23665, http://www.dalits.nl/060424.html, http://www.thedailystar.net/news/the-sweepers-a-socially-excluded-
community
Babul Das (56), a sweeper said: “Our children do
not get white collar jobs even though they have
the qualifications. Sweeping is the only
profession, no matter whether we want to stick
to it or not. Our destiny is sweeping”
Ganga, a resident of the colony said, "I came
here after independence. At that time I used to
live with my husband and in-laws. Now 11
members of my family including my daughter,
son and daughter-in-law live in this small room."
"We all take bath out in the open. There is no
room for privacy," said Raghu, another
resident of the colony.
09

Hazaribagh Thana: Ganoktuli Road, Baddanagar, Sweeper colony. Population of Ward no. 58 (new-22) is 84519 but as our survey area
is Sweeper colony so the data have been collected only of the surrounding areas.
Population, household, distribution of household and density by residence and community, of year 2009
Total Household: 2194, Floating: 0.
Mixed use (Residential + Commercial) 2157 (98%)
3237
persons
Institutional:
1(0.001%)
Total Population: 8846 persons
320
persons
(-5)
17
persons
51.17% 48.82% 9% 14%
(65+)
1240
persons
6% 7%
11%
13%
13%
12%
27%
6%
2% 3%
0yr.-4yr. 5yr.-9yr.
10yr.-14yr. 15yr.-19yr.
20yr.-24yr. 25yr.-29yr.
30yr.-49yr. 50yr.-59yr.
Percentage of population in the age group
Sexratio:111
Distribution of population, Literacy rate, Marital status by
sex, residence and community, of year 2009
4328 out of 8846 persons has the ability to attend school
& 48.9% persons out of them is attending school. (Age
group of 3yr.-29yr.)
2382
persons
1946
persons
37.5% out
of 6339
able male
Male
64%
Female
36%
Literacy rate
45% out of
4319 able
female
33%
59%
7%
Marital status of female
Unmarried 445 Married 1263
Widowed 182 Divorced 11
Distribution of Population aged 10 years and above by Sex,
Marital status, Residence and Community, of year 2009
33%
59%
7%
Marital status of male
Unmarried 772 Married 1134
Widowed 15 Divorced 4
WARD-58 (New Ward No-22 of South city corporation)- Zone 3
Demographicstudyofthesite
SORCE: BBS(Bangladesh Bureau Statistics) : Population & Hosing Census 2011-Zilla Dhaka/Demography & Health/Economy Census/Population & Housing/ Household
Income & Expenditure Survey (HIES) – 2010 / District level Percentage of Underweight and Stunted Children 2012. Website: http://www.bbs.gov.bd/ 10
Survey findings: 5 Old Buildings- 10 unit per floor, total
(10x4floors)=40 units, 5 buildings (40x5)=200 Hindu
families in governmental allotted unit. Other than that
another 363 families lives in temporary katcha-semi-pucca
structures. Total- 563 Hindu families.
New building- 7 New buildings- 10unit per floor, total
(10x6floors=60 units), 2buildings have not being used yet,
so, 5 buildings (60x5)=300 Muslim families in governmental
allotted unit. Other than that another 613 families lives in
temporary katcha-semi-pucca structures. Total- 913 Muslim
families.
Sum Total: 563+913=1476 ~ 1500 families
2%
8%
18%
24%
17%
11%
7%
13%
1person 2person
3person 4person
5person 6person
7person 8+person
Percentage of Households comprising
AveragesizeofHousehold3.8
(BBSdata)
AveragesizeofHousehold8.1
(Surveydata)
Other:
36 (1.6%)

Employed 4204
59%
Looking for
job 20
0%
Household Work
1820
25%
Unemployed 1116
16%
Distribution of population aged 7 years and above employed by
field of employment by activity status, sex, residence and
Community
10
persons
20
persons
4172
persons
2436 54412 8
415 166
107 221
46726
1 4
Distribution of Population by Religion & Type of
disability, Residence and Community
Activity status
Field of work
Percentage of different
religion people
11
Speech
16%
Vision
17%
Physical 17%
Mental
17%
Autistic
17%
SORCE: BBS(Bangladesh Bureau Statistics) : Population & Hosing Census 2011-Zilla Dhaka/Demography & Health/Economy Census/Population & Housing/ Household
Income & Expenditure Survey (HIES) – 2010 / District level Percentage of Underweight and Stunted Children 2012. Website: http://www.bbs.gov.bd/
10 -
Distribution of population by Growth Rate and estimating current population
14100000
12100000
10100000
8100000
6100000
4100000
2100000
100000
4023838
5839642
8511228
12043977
1981 1991 2001 2011
Population
Census Year
Percentage of physically challenged
people (0.6% of total population,
Physically challenged=507 persons)
Year Population Growth Rate Average
Growth
Rate
Both Sex Male Female Annual Intercensal
2011 12043977 6555792 5488185 3.48% 41.51% -1.5%
2001 8511228 4712330 3798898 3.84% 45.75%
1991 5839642 3229716 2609926 3.79% 45.13%
1981 4023838 2259439 1764399 3.86% 46.01%
Population and growth rate of Dhaka City, 1981-2011
Demographicstudyofthesite
Salary Range
By the growth rate of Dhaka city the current population of
Moneshwar মনেশ্বর (Site & surroundings) should be less than the
total population 8846 persons. It should nearly be 8700 persons.
But the ‘survey Data’ and Population census says otherwise!
Census
2009
Estimated
data of 2017
BBS data of 2017 Survey estimation data
8846
persons
8700 persons 10000 persons
(appro.)
Hindu 2013+Muslim10000
=12013persons (appro.)
Salary Type Salary
range
(tk)
i. Temporary 14000
ii. Permanent 22000
(Only sweepers
salary type & range)
Muslim 5320
60%
Hindu 3547
40%

12
Existingconditionofthesite
Entry Approach
A road, both serve building entry & passersby,
covered with filth of households
New buildings form a urban corridor space
which is unbearable for drain's smell.
Entry Road is only 12’-15’. So, any MT
vehicle if needed, can't enter easily on
emergency
A
A’
B
B’
SORCE: QGIS software derived Map. (Shape file of Dhaka city, year 2006)
Photographs collected through survey and photo taken by canon 700D.

• 5 old buildings that was constructed in the
British period. Those were announced
abandoned many years ago.
• New 7 buildings were constructed in
between 2013-14. every buildings are
6storied but walk-up systematic. Also the
services aren’t that good. 2 of them
buildings still haven’t being used.
• Semi-pucca 55%, Pucca 40%, Katcha 5%
Structure: Type
Old building. Only Hindu family.
a
a
13
b
This photograph speaks for itself.b
c
Water pipe goes through the electric line!c
Front Façade from front/North road
i.
i.
Pucca new
Semi pucca/Katcha
1.
Semi-pucca buildings besides the site1.
Katcha Structure in
2006,till2011
A
A’

• New buildings (6 storied) which was started
constructing at yr.2011 is the tallest
building on that area.
• Only Muslims lives on those buildings .
There is a political clash for which Muslims
got the new one’s and Hindus are living in
those which are announced abandoned.
Structure: Height & Use
Before 2011
After 2011
14
New 6 storied building 1-2 storied buildings
Old 4 storied building Club (মােব সেবা তরুে েংঘ)
Mixed use Commercial activity Community activity

Amenities on the site
15
Three Mondir’s on Site. i. Shitta Mondir, ii. Sri Sri Ram Mondir iii. Sarbajonin Mondir.
Sarbajonin Mondir.
Nurani-jame-Mosque Baitullah-jannat-jame-Mosque
Al-Madina-jame-Mosque

16
Amenities on the site
Unicef Gonaktuli City corporation
School
In the Gonaktuli Govt.
Primary School, the
Sweeper’s children
can study but in the
Unicef Gonaktuli City
corporation School
they are not allowed.
They register with a
different name to
study there.Gonaktuli Govt. Primary School
There are too many club for such a small community. Their main aim to
organize cultural program and deal with the city corporation
Bailkhana Jubo shongho. Samaj Kollan Jubo Songho
KatchaBazar
Phermecy&TeaStalls

Important and Emergency features distance diagram
17
Hospital/ Clinic/ Medical Center
Dhaka Metropolitan Police
Fire Station
It Seems that the most important features that should be near a site is absent here. In the case of
emergency, no action can be taken through measure. By the time the action will be taken, it would
be too late.
• A Police post is needed there.
• A fire station is near by but still 691M distance with bad traffic, narrow road and damaged road.
• Hospital /clinic is needed with an alarming rate!
• BDR can/should provide some fast-aid accommodation when needed.

Existing Road
• Roads are mostly narrow.
• Mostly NMT vehicles runs on this roads.
• Drain covers are insufficient.
• Road side sprawls are covered with illegal
structures.
• No footpath is present on the roads.
• Drain’s smell are spreading everywhere.
• Gas lines are damaged because of those
are open in the road.
• No parking spaces.
• Vendors cover most of the Road.
• Animal, like dogs & cats spwaling through
the roads.
18

19
Vehicular Type :
• Rickshaws, Vans, Auto rickshaws, Bikes &
Cycles are mostly seen on that area.
Which can easily pass through the
secondary or distributor & collector roads.
• 2. Tertiary road are fully pedestrian.
Transportation, Infrastructure & Utility
Infrastructure
Utility

Structure: Existing building plans
New building
Tin shaded structure
20
Corridor Space Stair case Living/Family room Toilet Kitchen

Structure: Existing building Conditions
A Semi-pucca & A Katcha structure
Familylivingspacesinasingleroom
CommonspaceforHygiene,Meal&leisuretimes
Kitchen spaces
Common toilet spaces & the ally to
lead this space
Vertical circulations/Stairs & double
height spaces
21

Old building
Common Toilet facility on the North-
West Façade of the building
Roomforperfamily
Damaged celling
Corridor: Gather place/
Stair caseLiving/Family room For well building orientation the ventilation is good
22
Structure: Existing building plans

STRENGTH
1.Neighbourhood relationship is good.
2.No high-rise building in site.
WEAKNESS
TREATH
1.Illegal electric & water supply
2.Road flooded with drain wastes
3.Illegal drug business.
4.Religious clash
OPPORTUNITY
1.To provide green space in site.
2.To Provide setback.
3.To Provide proper pedestrian.
4.To Provide more circulation space
5.Cover open drains.
6.Electrical poles can be maintain
7.Create proper place for dustbin.
8.Create public gathering space.
S.W.O.T Analysis
Analysis,Recommendation&proposal
1.No green space & water body.
2.Lacks set backs.
3.The Collector roads are very narrow.
4.No sufficient space for dwellers.
5.Open drain.
6.Dusbins are lack in number.
7.Road is flooded with rain water.
8.Electrical poles have wire that are open and
visible.
9.Unhyginic environment.
10.No park & public gather space.
A very noble Strength of this community is , people still Gather with their neighbours and socially active. Which is rear in
Dhaka . This Has to be maintained!
23

Aranya Low Cost Housing Indore
Ar. B.V.Doshi
LOCATION
•Location - 6km from the centre of
Indore city, M.P.
• Client- Indore Development Authority
•Principal Architect - Balkrishna Doshi
Ar. B V DOSHI
Balkrishna Vithaldas
Doshi (born 26 August 1927) is
an Indian Architect who is
considered an important
figure of South Asian
architecture and noted for his
unfathomable contributions to
the evolution of architectural discourse in
India. B. V. Doshi was born in Pune, India. He
studied at the J. J. school of
Architecture, Mumbai.
OBJECTIVES • Create a township with a sense of continuity and
fundamental values of security in a good living
environment.
• Achieve a community character by establishing
harmony between the built environment and the
people.
• Create a balanced community of various socio-
economic groups to evolve a framework through
design.
• To improve and upgrade the
existing slum area
• To provide serviced sites for new
housing developments instead of
building complete houses.
• To provide for 6,500 residential
plots.
International case study
24

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FEATURES
• Most of the plots small in size and clustered in low
rise blocks.
• Longer side façade oriented in the north-south axis to
reduce the solar radiation on the building.
• Each house has minimum exposure to wall surface
and a common wall.
• The two openings on the north and south permit
light and cross ventilation.
• Courtyards within the houses, public squares and
small activity areas shaded adequately by adjacent
buildings.
• Use of locally available building materials.
• Topography used for orientation of major
infrastructure network and spatial organization.
International case study (Aranya Low Cost Housing , Indore)
SITE ANALYSIS
Urban Indore city 214 sq. km.
Major development along Delhi –Mumbai highway
running through the city in the north south direction.
Developing industrial areas on the north, south and
west.
Internal city roads to the north, south and west.
Approach through the Delhi –Mumbai highway
Geographical features
Flat site
A natural water channel
running diagonally across the SW corner.
Top strata of the black cotton soil 2-2.5 m thick.
Gradually sloping (Gradient : 1:110 approx.) towards
the north-west corner.
25

• Plan initially prepared by Indore development authority which
shows a typical rubber stamping attitude without any concern
for open space circulation system , climatic orientation or the
built form.
• Initial stage proposed plan with distributed open spaces and
streets. Twists and staggers introduced to discourage through
traffic.
• Later stage of development with rectified orientation to
minimize heat gain and increase natural shading. Clear
hierarchy to be obtained.
• Proposed master plan with interlinked open spaces, built form
variations, distributed amenities, road network hierarchies
and climate friendly orientation
• The master plan was divided into six sectors with a central
spine area of commercial and institutional land use.
• The town center in the middle part of the spine consisted of
four clusters of shopping, residential and office complexes.
26

27

Appendix
Dalit- (so called lower cast of the Hindus)
methor
shebok -(helper or aide).
“harijan”- (son of God) by Mahatma Gandhi.
“dalit”- (suppressed or broken into pieces.)
BBS- Bangladesh Bureau Of Statistics.
Katcha- A structure with local materials which
is low on cost.
Pucca- Building with modern materials. High
on cost.
Shongho- Club or community.
Ganza, Heroine- Substances/Drugs.

Report on Ganaktuli Sweepers colony, Hazaribagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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