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all-housings-by-laurie baker a true architect of kerala
- 1. 1 Laurie Baker Design: Insights and Influences P B Sajan Architect And Jt Director COSTFORD Emerging Trends in Sustainable Habitat And Integrated Cities 15th November 2014
- 3. • Discussion with District Collector and Harbour Engineering Department officials • Site visit • Interaction with local people, particularly elderly members to understand issues • Understanding of existing settlement pattern and access to the beach • Beneficiary interaction: held at nearest school • Land survey • Conceptual design Design Process FishermenColony,Thangasseri
- 6. • Incorporated initial feedback from beneficiaries • 15 pilot houses built • Further interaction with beneficiaries • A few changes suggested • Suggestions incorporated • Implementation of 158 houses Feedback FishermenColony,Thangasseri
- 14. • In the ‘70s, 40 houses were constructed by the Government of Kerala • Survey conducted in 2002 by COSTFORD • Only 8 houses were found to be habitable, with necessary maintenance Earlier interventions MamanaOoru,Attappadi
- 15. • Concept advocated by Laurie Baker • Not type designs • Different families have different needs ‐ area of the house dictated by the number of occupants – ‘Per Capita’ • Design for each family on the basis of the needs of the members of the house • AHADS (Attapadi Hill Area Development Society) decided to implement it with people’s consent in Mamana “Per capita” approach MamanaOoru,Attappadi
- 16. • Socio economic survey was first conducted in 2002 along with OVS members • Contour surveying was also done • Several discussions were conducted with the beneficiaries and their needs and problems were ascertained • Layout and individual houses designed • Discussion with beneficiaries • Redesign based on feedback Design ProcessMamanaOoru,Attappadi
- 18. • Refused initially suggested mud and bamboo construction • Unplastered brick walls and filler concrete roofs accepted Changed preferences • Influenced by AHADS Headquarters campus built with same techniques Changed PreferencesMamanaOoru,Attappadi
- 19. • Shortage of drinking water • Environmental degradation • Preference for level ground adjacent to their houses, for growing herbs and vegetables • Ancillary building provisions required Other issuesMamanaOoru,Attappadi
- 20. • 39 houses designed, in addition to the 8 houses retained • Measures incorporated along with the housing construction • Water harvesting • Soil conservation and slope stabilizing measures Additional FactorsMamanaOoru,Attappadi
- 21. • Series of clusters of varying sizes, to suit the terrain and for close interaction between the people • An open air stage and auditorium were incorporated towards the middle of the layout to enhance community interaction • Other structures – anganvadi, religious building and common cattle sheds constructed, Present LayoutMamanaOoru,Attappadi
- 25. • Rainwater conservation • Roads and pathways inside the hamlet • Nutrition gardens • Planting of fruit trees • Common cattle shed • Smokeless chulha Integrated planningMamanaOoru,Attappadi
- 33. Slum development
- 38. CHENKALCHOOLA RESIDENTIALBLOCKS Each block is designed for accommodation 10 families • Ground floor 5 families • First floor 3 families • Second floor 2 families
- 39. CHENKALCHOOLA FLAT • 35 m2 • 2 bedrooms, multipurpose room, kitchen, toilet • Open areas GF – designated ground spaces FF & SF – open terrace • Water tap, sink, work slab, chimney in kitchens • Water tap, closet in toilets • One light point in all rooms – 6 nos • Fan points – 2 nos
- 40. CHENKALCHOOLA
- 43. Sustainable Habitat Development • Participatory planning • Local conditions and preferences • Target women and children • Service delivery on individual household basis • Involvement in all stages of service delivery
- 49. Major issue • During monsoons, storm water enters the city sewage system and reaches the sewage collection pond • Any overflow floods the colony • Leads to further decay and disease Existing conditionKarimadom,Thiruvananthapuram
- 51. Residential Block ‐ Floor PlansKarimadom,Thiruvananthapuram first floor plan Ground floor plan
- 52. Residential Block ‐ Floor PlansResidential Block ‐ Floor Plans Karimadom,Thiruvananthapuram third floor plan fourth floor plan
- 55. Final design of initial stage
- 57. Stages in design of main layout Option 1
- 58. Stages in design of main layout Option 2
- 59. Selected final main layout Option 3
- 60. Endeavors in Inclusion • Preliminary survey – Data collected by women from within colony itself having minimum +2 education • Preparation of preliminary design • Presentation before beneficiaries – Over 3 days – All families allotted dates – Time of presentation 5‐6 pm • Purpose of presentation – Collection of feedback – Clearing of doubts regarding design and phasing – Ensuring involvement of beneficiaries Karimadom,Thiruvananthapuram
- 61. Proposed facilities Services • Water Supply • Rejuvenation of Pond • Biogas Plant • Sanitation • Electricity • Drainage • Rainwater harvesting Community Facilities • Play Areas • Study Center Cum Library • Anganwadi • Multipurpose Open Spaces Others • Bio fencing • Smokeless Chula • Earth Filling • Retaining Wall • Tree planting and Landscaping in Multipurpose Open Spaces Social Amenities • Market • Kiosks • Community Cluster center Housing – 28 blocks, 560 DU Karimadom,Thiruvananthapuram
- 62. Beyond the built environment • Detailed Survey ‐ Social development work – health, livelihood, education needs • Strengthening existing neighbourhood groups • Formation of boys and girls clubs • Study groups Karimadom,Thiruvananthapuram
- 63. Collaborative intervention COSTFORD and Kudumbasree Outcome of detailed survey • Health – Palliative care • Livelihood – Production centres for bakery items, tailoring unit with marketing • Education – Meeting with teachers, provision of study centres • Waste management units Karimadom,Thiruvananthapuram
- 65. Trends in slum development The future Even further………
- 66. Planning an EWS colony layout Kalladimugham
- 70. Type 3 – 4 DU/floor Type 1 – 3 DU/floor Type 2 – 3 DU/floor
- 71. Type 1 – 3 DU/floor Type 3 – 3 DU/floor Type 2 – 3 DU/floor Kalladimugham 3 type designs
- 74. KarimadomKarimadomKarimadomKarimadomKarimadomKarimadomConclusion • Chenkalchoola • Intervention confined to construction only. • Involvement in construction and interaction resulted in valuable feedback from beneficiaries • Karimadom • Design and layout modified in initial design stage to cater to previous feedback regarding beneficiary aspirations • Further modifications done based on further discussions with beneficiaries and other stakeholders • A comprehensive, community based design evolved
- 75. KarimadomKarimadomKarimadomKarimadomKarimadomKarimadomConclusion Evident progressive changes in design and levels of intervention based on cumulative learning through inclusive planning Providing flexibility in the built environment for further social and economical inputs
- 78. The future……….
- 79. SLUMS are a SHAME and a DISGRACE NOT to those who have to live in one But to US – Planners, Architects, Builders & Contractors, our Government departments, others in authority, AND All of us who pass by on the other side of the road and pretend that a slum is none of our business. Laurie Baker
- 80. Thank you……….