How to design a unit

1. GraduateReport -2011
Urban Housing ( C E – 633 )
Planning Procedure for Different Unit
( Elaborate Procedure for Single Unit )
Prepared By – Shroff Cheitali
ROLLNO. UP11023
Faculty Advisor – Dr. K.A.Chauhan
PG In Charge – Dr. J. E. M. Macwan
P. G. in Urban Planning , M. Tech. , Semester – 1
C E D , SVNIT , SURAT

2. INDEX
1. Introduction -Architectural Systems
2. Design Process
3. Standard – Norms for EWS,LIG, MIG and HIG
4. EWS , LIG, Vambay Units Design in Surat
5. Transit Unit Design in Mumbai
6. HIG Unit Design – Tata Piramanti in Gurgaon
7. Luxury 3 / 4 BHK Apartment
Reference

3. The Architecture of
Experienced Through
Achieved by means of
Accommodating a
Compatible with its
Space
Structure
Enclosure
Movement in
Space-Time
Technology
Program
Context
Organizational pattern, Relationships, Clarity, Hierarchy
Formal image and types of structure
Qualities of shapes, Colour, Texture, Scale, Proportion
Qualities of surfaces, Edges, and Openings
Approach and Entry
Path Configuration and Access
Sequence of spaces
Light, View, Touch, Hearing and Smell
Structure and Enclosure
Environmental protection and comfort
Health, and Safety
Durability and Sustainability
User requirements, Needs, Aspirations
Sociocultural Factors
Economic Factors
Legal Constraints
Historical Tradition
Site and Environment
Climate: Sun, Wind, Temperature, Precipitation
Geography: Soils, Topography, Vegetation, Water
Sensory and Cultural characteristics of the place
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

4. Design Process
Design as a process is choosing the best solution out of several divisions/alters of designed
solutions.
It is an endless repetitive cycle.
The Design Process mainly includes five stages as follows:
BASIC means
Commit
1 B Brief Data - Client Needs ( Who, What, When, Where, How, Why )
Collection of Information
2 A Analyze Hypotheses - Activity Chart and Bubble Diagram
3 S Synthesis Concept Development, Check, Compare, Decide
4 I Implementation Reevaluation , Finalize Design, Check for Regulation
5 C Communication Architect / Planner
Client , Structure Engineer, Govt.Bodies, Contractor, Market

5. PROJECT (Unit Level Planning) EXAMPLE – BUNGALOW FORM
DESIGN PROBLEM
It is proposed to construct a bungalow for HIG Income Group.
It should contain small office to accommodate 5 to 6 persons with separate
entry, attached to building. Dining Room required separately ( Don’t Attach
with Living or Kitchen)
Parking required } 2 no’s Car and 2 no’s Two Wheeler
Calculate the site dimensions, assume general family particulars and design
the same consider the following technical details.
Area requirement Total floor area = 250 +- 15% (sq m)
Design particulars Load bearing wall system,(gr +1)
Black cotton soil in foundation up to 1.2m depth
The site is in humid region , the summer breeze is from
South-West
The average annual rainfalls 100cm
Design Control Data Max. F.S.I. allowed – 1.8
Max. ground coverage allowed – 50%
Plot width/depth ratio – 1.3 to 1.5
Min, margins: front – 4.5m; rear and side – 3m
Other Data CONSIDER family size -6 persons

6. Plot Diagram
Total Floor Area = 250 Sq. Meter + 15% wall area = 290 Sq. Meter
CONSIDERING Ground Coverage = 60 % of 290 Sq. Meter = 175 Sq. Meter
Permissible Bup = 45%,
So Plot area = 175 x 100 / 45 = 388 Sq. Meter say 400 Sq. Meter
Plot width and depth ratio approx. 1.5 width = 16 Meter , depth = 25 Meter.
PLOT size =16.0m x 25.0 m

7. STAGE 1 – BRIEF
Commit
The first stage in any design process is the commitment of the designer to the
client that the design is ready as per the clients requirements & needs.
The design should have solutions that are cost effective, innovative and
functional while maintaining the goals and expectation of clients.
Data - Client Needs ( Who, What, When , Where , How, Why)
The designer then prepares a design statement, also called the design brief,
describing a particular set of circumstance, which creates a need. The brief
outlines the needs related to the design problem.
STATEMENT: Based on client’s requirement, needs and ideas, designer prepare a
design brief to understand the unique characteristics of particular client and to
use these aspects to best advantages. Often the character of a particular project
is developed in response to the local surroundings.

8. Collect
The next step is the collection of information relating to the existing
circumstances of the project. It is very important for the designer to
understand the requirements of the client, therefore it is imperative that
all the available information regarding the design outcomes are collected
and studied carefully. The design constrains such as available time and
resources and budget are also taken into account.
The various methods of collecting data are:
Interview and user Questionnaire
Literature research
Group / Individual discussion with each and every member
Interview and User Questionnaire
Family size and age:
Officer XXXX
Officer’s wife XXXX
Grand Mother XXXX
Grand Father XXXX
Daughter XXXX
Son XXXX

9. • How long do you expect to stay in this house
• Any planning for future expansion of the house
• Is there anything particular that you have seen in a house design or in
someone else’s house that you like
• Any Specific Material , Colour , Texture feels good
• Kind of Garden, Verandahs, Terrace, Balconies, they like
• Special Rooms like Activity , Study , Hobby, Puja Room, Walk in Wardrobe
they needs
• Kinds of Landscapes such as water body , rock garden, vegetable garden
• Provision of Audio Visual, Home Theatre Room,
• Provision for Servant Quarter
• Do you like modern style bungalow or tradional style
• What does your home means to you; aesthetics, security, comfort,
independence, privacy
• Does anyone work at home; who and what kind of work
• What kinds of Guest and how often they visit to you
• What kind of family functions take place.
• Who spents maximum time in the house?
• Who’s going to maintain the house?

10. Literature study
• Architect has to study the Latest design and technology in current
market
• Site study
• Case study at global level
• National guideline manual
• Similar Field project
• Corporate projects
• Rule and Regulation by corporation
Stage -2 Analyze
The ability to define and understand the nature of the design problem
adequately ,completely is an essential part of the solution.
Define the problem understand set Goals &objectives Of Design
As we cycle through the design process, a clearer understanding of a problem
should emerge, new information may be uncovered to be required which
could alter our preparation of the problem and its solution. The analysis of a
problem, therefore, often continues throughout the design process.
Prepare the activity chart after collecting all the datas, so as to start with
design process.

11. Person Activity Room Allocation of Area
Owner
Welcomes to Guest
Spend time in living
Meets Driver, Office Person,
Peon
Require Separate Office
Otta
Living Room
Foyer
Office
Toilet
Otta
6 to 10 Sq. Meter
20 to 25 Sq.Meter
6 to 8 Sq. Meter
15 to 18 Sq. Meter
1.5 to 2Sq. Meter
6 to 8 Sq. Meter
Owner’s Wife
Cooking and Home Management Kitchen
Store
wash
Master Bedroom
Toilet
Balcony
9to 12 Sq. Meter
5 to 7 Sq. Meter
4 to 5 Sq. Meter
15 to 18 Sq. Meter
3 to 4 Sq. Meter
5 to 7 Sq. Meter
Grand Father and Mother Bedroom
Toilet
verandah
12 Sq. Meter
2 to 3 Sq. Meter
5 to 7 sq.mt.

12. Son Bedroom
Toilet
Balcony
10 to 12 Sq. Meter
2 to 3 Sq. Meter
5 to 7 sq.mt.
Guest Bedroom
Toilet
10 to 12 Sq. Meter
2 to 3 Sq. Meter
Common Area Dining
Toilet
Staircase
Terrace
8 to 10 Sq. Meter
2 to 3 Sq. Meter
8 to 10 Sq. Meter
12 to 15 Sq. Meter
Total carpet area
Add circulation space 10%
Total
Add wall area as 15%
234 Sq. Meter
23 Sq. Meter
257 Sq. Meter
39 Sq. Meter
Total required floor area 296 Sq. Meter aprox.
Common open spaces Parking
Garden
Backyard
30 to 40 Sq. Meter
50 Sq. Meter
18 to 20 Sq. Meter
Total min. required plot
area
406 Sq. Meter aprox.

13. After collecting the data & activity areas, the lay out process is to be started
• The layout should be started with Organizational relationships, i.e. the lay out
of different activities, areas or zoning of space by bubble diagram.
• Bubble diagrams: it graphically illustrates function and spatial relationships
of different areas
• Prepare 4 to 5 bubble diagrams keeping in mind weather conditions, site
conditions & room activities.
• If the bubble diagram is satisfactory check for grouping of different activities.
• Assign values to key elements i.e. the location of important rooms,
Weather protection, health, safety, and welfare of occupants (e.g. structural
soundness, environmental comfort, electrical & drainage system performance)
• Contextual: cultural, historical, religious, political context; relationship of
external systems such as power sources, communication, water,
transportation should also be considered.
• Economics: relationship to client’s budget; life-cycle costs, quality and
quantity, expectations v/s reality.

14. Stage -3 - Synthesis
Form the analysis of the problem and its parts; we can begin to formulate
possible solutions. This requires synthesizing – bringing together integrating –
responses to the various issues and aspects of the problem into coherent
solutions.
Concept Development
Once the data relating to the design problem has been collected and
analyzed, the designer can being to formulate the first idea of design solution.
There are number of techniques which can help the designer in the process,
such as:
• Role playing: in this process the designer can think from the point of view
of the client or people who will be using that space by putting
himself/herself in the client’s space.
• Brainstorming: this is a very careful method as it allows the designer to
come up with diverse ideas for the design solution.
• Group discussion: a number of group ideas are likely to emerge during a
group discussion, as each individual will put forward his/her own solution
and from these the most suitable can be chosen.

15. Develop schematic designs from final bubble diagrams checks for following
principle
• Orientation – Climatology
Maximum use of nature is to be consider for light and ventilation of each and
every room to make it energy efficient building.
Follow solar path and place your rooms accordingly
• Grouping
Check the grouping of different activities area and service areas
• Circulation
Check the circulation pattern between connecting activities, with minimum
wastage of space& minimum areas.
• Internal and External Privacy
Passages should be such that each area maintain its privacy
• Flexibility
Area of Rooms or Activity Areas can be altered
• Services
Drainage, Water Supply, Electricity shall be design for ease of maintenance
and cleanliness with minimum running cost

17. Compare Alternatives & Make Decisions
Compare each alternative with design goals.
Weigh the benefits and strength, weakness of each one against cost, safety,
aesthetic, nature, climate suitability and effectiveness
Hoew to choose the best solution-
• Personal choice: The client or a user dictates the choice of design solution.
• Critical comparison: two or more design solutions are compared on the
basis of their qualities and out of this, one best suited is picked.
Once the choice has been made, the process of making preliminary drawings
can begin. A preliminary plan of a design solution will have
• Sealed proportion of spaces and elements
• Prepare single line diagram for both the floors and present it to client for
feedback and preliminary approval
• Additional of internal architectural details
• Walls, windows and built up items are shown
• Furniture might be indicated in some areas
• Checks for buildings regulation and guidelines applied with governing
statutory authorities.
• Make preliminary material selection with Colour schemes to work out the
temporary budget of the project.

18. Stage 4 - Implementation
Once a final decision has been made, the design proposal is developed,
refined and prepared for implementation. This includes the production
of working drawing and specifications, and other services related to
purchasing, construction and supervision
Reevaluation
• Before implementation architect should once again weigh the
solution with alternates prepared by him that is thhese the best
finally?
• Design requires a critical review of alternatives and careful weighing
of the strengths and weaknesses of such problems of such proposal
until its best possible fit between problem and solution is achieved.
• Non design process is a complete until a design solution which has
been implemented is evaluated for its effectiveness in solving a
given problem.
• In the design process there is always more than one valid solution to
a design problem. So How then can we judge whether a design is
good or bad?

19. A design may be good, in the judgment of the designer, the client, or the people
who experience and use the design, for any of several reason
A design may be good because it functions well – it works
A design may be good because it is affordable – it is economical, efficient&durable
A design may be good because it looks good – it is aesthetically pleasing
At times we may judge a design to be good because we feel it follows current
design trends – it is in fashion-or because of impression it will make on others – it
enhances our status.
A good design, should be understandable.
If a design does not express an idea, communicate a meaning, or
elicit a response. Either it will be ignored or it will be a bad design.
Process of Measuring Design Solution
Function and Purpose- the intended function of the design must be
satisfied and fulfilled.
Utility and Economy-a design should exhibit utility, honesty and
economy in its selection and use of materials.
Form and Style- the design should be aesthetically pleasing to the eye
and our other senses.
Image and Meaning- The design should project an image and promote
association that carry meaning for the people who use and experience it.

20. Stage 5 - Communication
The architect plays key role in the project execution. He /she has to play varied
role in the design process from start to end
• After finalizing the design he has to appoint structural engineer.
• He has to submit the necessary documents & plans to local government for
passing the proposal & maintain the record/track till obtaining the buc as
well as water & electrical connections.
• He has to prepare the estimate for the bank loan if required by client.
• At the same time he has to finalize the contractor & obtain the Quotations
for the proposal so as to meet the client’s budget.
• Before executing the work on site he should check the site correctly &
modify any misleading data in design
• He should prepare all the floor plans with all the necessary services shown
in the drawings.
The sets of drawings includes- Site lay out plan,
Setting out plan
Centerline plan ,
working drawing of all floors i.e ground to terrace floor
Elevations all sides,
sections as necessary- passing thru toilet & staircase must
Door ,window, toilet & any other detail drawings
Drainage layout, Electrical layouts

21. Drawings by structural engineer Foundation& footing plan
Ground beam & plinth beam plan
First floor slab beam plan
Terrace slab beam plan
Any other specific detail
• During execution He has to visit the site regularly so a s to communicate
with client to inform about the site progress, contractors quality of work,
& amount of work done
• He has to communicate between structural engineer & contractor so as to
provide him necessary plans as required to save the time. & avoid any
construction mistakes during execution.
• After completion of building he has to resubmit the plans to authorities to
obtain buc.

22. Category Monthly Income limit Areas allotted
BPL HOUSING SCHEME BELOW 2,500 15 TO 20 sq.mts.
Economically Weaker Section
(EWS)
Upto Rs. 3,300/- 22.45 sq.mts.
Lower Income Group (LIG) Rs. 3,301 to Rs. 7,300 38.00 sq.mt.
Middle Income Group (MIG) Rs. 7,301 to Rs. 14,500 55.00 sq.mt.
Higher Income Group (HIG) More than Rs. 14,500/- 50 to 100& above
Gujarat Housing Board constructs houses for people of various income
categories as per norms set by the State Government as detailed below.
Norms of EWS,LIG,MIG,HIG

23. Typical floor plan consisting four dwelling units on each floor. The building block is
ground plus three-storied R.C.C. framed structure.
EWS HOUSING SCHEMES

24. Description Detail Room areas
Living Room 2.60 M x 2.75 M 7.15 SQ.MT.
Kitchen 2.00 M x 1.80 M
3.60 SQ.MT.
W.C. 0.98 M x 0.90 M
0.882 SQ.MT.
Chokdi 0.90 M x 0.90 M 0.81 SQ.MT.
Balcony 1.05 M Wide
Total Built-up area 22.45 Sq. Mtr.

25. LIG HOUSING SCHEME

26. Description Detail Carpet Areas
Living Room 3.13 M x 2.97 M 9.29 SQ.MT.
Kitchen 2.21 M x 2.44 M 5.39 SQ.MT.
Bed Room 2.82 M x 3.05 M 8.60 SQ.MT.
W.C. 0.91 M x 0.91 M 0.82 SQ.MT.
Bath 1.98 M x 0.91 M 1.80 SQ.MT.
Passage 1.00 M x 0.91 M 0.91 SQ.MT.
Balcony 0.91 M x 2.00 M 1.82 SQ.MT.
Total Built-up area 38.00 SQ. MT.

27. VALMIKI - AMBEDKAR AWAS YOJANA (BPL Housing)
TYPE - I : Raw Houses
Built up area: 20.16smt (Govt. has recommended 15 smt.)
Description Detail
Carpet
Areas
Room 3.05 M x 3.66 M
11.16
SQ.MT.
Toilet 1.80 M x 1.08 M 1.94 SQ.MT.
Wada 1.08 M x 1.05 M 1.13 SQ.MT.
Otta 0.90 M x 3.05 M 2.74 SQ.MT.
Total Built-up
area
20.16 SQ. MT.

28. VALMIKI - AMBEDKAR AWAS YOJANA (BPL Housing)
TYPE - I I : FLATS
Built up area: 17.20smt (Gr. + 2 storied structure)
Description Detail Carpet Areas
Living Room 3.45 M x 2.75 M 9.48 SQ.MT.
Cooking 2.01 M x 2.00 M 4.02 SQ.MT.
W.C. 0.90 M x 0.90 M 0.81 SQ.MT.
Chokdi 0.90 M x 0.90 M 0.81 SQ.MT.
Total Built-
up area
17.20 SQ. MT.

29. HIG Executive Apartments – Type 1 – Built Up Area 306.58 SQ.MT.

30. Description Detail Carpet Areas
Living Room 5.50 M x 5.10 M 28.05 SQ.MT.
Dining 3.50 M x 2.74 M 9.59 SQ.MT.
Kitchen 3.65 M x 2.82 M 10.29 SQ.MT.
Balcony 1.25 M x 7.74 M 9.67 SQ.MT.
Master Bed Room 4.57 M x 3.88 M 17.73 SQ.MT.
Toilet 2.05 M x 2.59 M 5.30 SQ.MT.
Balcony 1.02 M x 3.00 M 3.60 SQ.MT.
Bed Room – 2 3.42 M x 3.35 M 11.45 SQ.MT.
Toilet 2.28 M x 1.62 M 3.69 SQ.MT.
Balcony 1.02 M x 3.00 M 3.60 SQ.MT.
Bed Room – 3 3.42 M x 3.35 M 11.45 SQ.MT.
Toilet 2.28 M x 1.62 M 3.69 SQ.MT.
Bed Room – 4 3.96 M x 3.88 M 15.36 SQ.MT.
Toilet 2.05 M x 2.59 M 5.30 SQ.MT.
Balcony 1.02 M x 3.00 M 3.60 SQ.MT.
Foyer 3.88 M x 2.97 M 11.52 SQ.MT.
Passage 1.20 M x 4.00 M 4.80 SQ.MT.
Servant Room 2.05 M x 2.83 M 5.80 SQ.MT.
Toilet 1.30 M x 1.67 M 2.17 SQ.MT.
Store 1.50 M x 1.50 M 2.25 SQ.MT.
Total Built-up area 306.58 SQ. MT.

31.  TEXT BOOKS
• Ching Binggeli , (1943). “Interior Design Illustrated”, published by John
Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
 WEBLIOGRAPHY
• Www.Mhada.Bom.Nic.In/html/web_vambay.Htm
• Www.Suratmunicipal.Com
• Www.Tatapiramati.Com
REFERENCES

32. Thank You