The document discusses various alternative energy sources including wind, clean coal, fossil fuels, geothermal, hydro, nuclear, and solar energy. For each source, it outlines key advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages are being renewable, reducing environmental impacts compared to fossil fuels. The main disadvantages are high costs, unreliability of sources like wind, environmental impacts of large infrastructure projects, and health and safety risks for some sources like nuclear.

1. Solar EnergySolar Energy
By: AbbasBy: Abbas
BH15500437BH15500437
BilalBilal
OsamaOsama

2. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources - WindSources - Wind
Advantages:
 Friendly to surrounding environments
 No fossil fuels being burnt
 Takes up less space then the average
power station
 Only occupies a few square meters
for the base
 Land around the turbine can be
used for other purposes such as
agriculture
 Newer technology makes extracting
energy from wind more efficient
 Turbines for wind can be modified in
size for the needs of the surrounding
 Also can be modified based on the
population it is supporting
 Combined with solar power energy, can
be a great steady source of incoming
energy
 Renewable

3. Wind Energy’sWind Energy’s
DisadvantageDisadvantage
 Unreliable
 wind comes and goes at its own
rate
 Sometimes the wind can be
too weak in certain regions
 Produces a lot less electricity
then fossil fuel
 Many turbines need to be
constructed
 Expensive construction
 Potentially damages
environment while building
the turbines
 Amount of noise a turbine makes:
similar to a small jet engine
 Some argue it mars the beauty of
nature

4. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
SourcesSources -- Clean CoalClean Coal
TechnologyTechnology
 Advantages:
 Does not release carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere
 Easy to dig up and produce
 We can continue to use coal
as we always did for a couple
hundred more years since we
are putting all the carbon
dioxide back into the ground
 Not as expensive of a
project as wind or water
power
 Coal miners can keep their
jobs

5. Clean Coal TechnologyClean Coal Technology ’s’s
DisadvantageDisadvantage
 Other forms of pollutions
besides carbon dioxide will
still be emitted
 Selenium and arsenic for
example
 Governments will be
reluctant to spend money on
research into renewable
technologies like solar, wind
or water power
 Many scientists are still a
little skeptical that clean
coal is truly cleaner then
regular coal, since there is a
chance carbon dioxide can
escape the ground and get
back into the atmosphere

6. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources – Fossil FuelSources – Fossil Fuel
 Advantages:
 Good availability.
 Simple process to produce
heat or electricity.
 Inexpensive.
 Easy to distribute around the
world.
 Disadvantages:
 Most likely source of global
warming, burning fossil fuels is
contributed to this.
 Prices fluctuate based on the
politics of region where it is
coming from.
 Acid rain can be produced
because of fossil fuel.
 Nonrenewable source.

7. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources -Sources - GeothermalGeothermal
energyenergy
 Advantages:
 It is globally sustainable.
 Geothermal energy is safer then fossil fuels.
 It’s a “base-load” energy source.
 The power plants take up very little room.

8. Geothermal energyGeothermal energy’s’s
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
 Disadvantages:
 Greenhouse gas emissions
and toxic chemical emissions.
 Hot water from geothermal
sources has traces of
dangerous elements
(mercury, boron, arsenic,
antimony)
 Localized depletion
(geothermal sites eventually
will lose heat and water)
 Cause geological instability,
causing seismic events to
take place.
 Expensive, drilling to tap the
resource alone accounts for
over half of the costs to
erect a geothermal energy
site.

9. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources – Hydro PowerSources – Hydro Power
 Advantages:
 Electricity can be produced at a
constant rate.
 If electricity is not needed, the
sluice gates can be shut, stopping
electricity generation.
 The water can be saved for use
another time when electricity
demand is high.
 Designed to last many decades.
 The lake that forms behind the
dam can be used for water sports
and leisure / pleasure activities.
 The lake's water can be used for
irrigation purposes.
 When in use, electricity produced
by dam systems do not produce
green house gases.

10. Hydro Power’sHydro Power’s
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
 Dams are extremely expensive to
build and must be built to a very
high standard.
 They must operate for many
decades to become profitable.
 The flooding of large areas of
land can destroy the natural
environment
 People living in villages and towns
that are in the valley to be
flooded, must move out.
 The building of large dams can
cause serious geological damage.
 Hoover Dam in the USA
triggered a number of earth
quakes and has depressed the
earth’s surface at its location.
 In the past old dams have been
known to be breached (the dam
gives under the weight of water in
the lake)
 Dams built blocking the progress
of a river in one country usually
means that the water supply from
the same river in the following
country is out of their control.
 This can lead to serious
problems between neighboring
countries.
 Building a large dam alters the
natural water table level.
 Aswan Dam in Egypt has
altered the level of the water
table. This is slowly leading to
damage of many of its ancient
monuments as salts and
destructive minerals are
deposited in the stone work
from ‘rising damp’ caused by
the changing water table level.

11. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources – NuclearSources – Nuclear
EnergyEnergy
 Advantages:
 Does not require a lot of space.
 Nuclear is the most concentrated
form of energy by far.
 Clean, does not pollute in same
ways fossil fuel does (read more
about this in disadvantages.)
 Disadvantages:
 Fission meltdowns, very very
deadly, See Chernobyl for
example.
 Produces radiation which is
harmful to human health.
 Potentially can kill people.
 These nuclear reactors will only
last for 40 to 50 years.
 Contrary to popular belief, nuclear
energy is NOT a renewable energy
source.

12. Solar EnergySolar Energy Definition: radiant light and heat
from the sun that is used and
transformed into different
types of energy.
 Most abundant source of
renewable energy on the planet
 Production of solar energy uses
heat engines and photovoltaic
 The most common way of
collecting solar energy is by use
of solar panels
 energy storage methods:
 paraffin wax
 glaubers salt
 salts are good
 low cost
 high specific heat levels and
 can deliver the right
temperature heat to
conventional heating systems

13. Advantages/Advantages/
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
 Advantages
 Long lasting
 Can be used anywhere
 Silent and non polluting
 Solar cells can be added when
there is demand for more energy
 Sunlight that reaches the earth
everyday is 200,000 times the
total electrical energy
generated everyday
 Solar power production is
growing rapidly
 It is a secure type of energy
 Disadvantages
 High initial cost
 Takes a lot of solar panels to be
efficient initially
 Can only generate during the day
 Cost about twice of what fossil
fuels do

14. Facts about SolarFacts about Solar
PowerPower
 passive or active solar:
 Active; photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors
 Passive; buildings pointed to the sun, spaces within buildings with rooms that
circulate air, and building with materials that have a favorable thermal mass
 Solar wind and biomass are the top consumed type of energies from humans
 Biomass could lead solar in terms of consumption, but it is a cause of global
warming and is bad for agriculture
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmWrGPKcMNM

15. ApplicationsApplications
 Houses:
 solar lighting, heating and ventilation
systems
 pumps fans and windows
 Use natural solar lighting when
building
 Hybrid solar lighting: faces mirrors
track the sun throughout the day and
use optical fibers to distribute it
 Water heating: china and Cyprus have
the most amount of solar thermal
water heaters
 Farming:
 greenhouses turn solar energy to hear
 Photovoltaic cells: collect photons and
release electrons as energy
 Made of silicon
 as small as a calculator and as large as
pods in desert
 parabolic discs

16. Solar Energy in DailySolar Energy in Daily
LifeLife
 Water heating system
(Schematic diagram )
 Basic Theory: Collect the
solar radiation, transfer it to
heat energy and apply in
our daily life.
 As the solar panel collect
the heat from the solar and
transfer it to the water inside
the pipe, the water is
heated and outflow from
the other pipe.
 Then, we may use the hot
water in the showers,
warming machine.

17. Solar Energy forSolar Energy for
Industrial ApplicationsIndustrial Applications
 Basic Theory of Solar power
plant
 (1). Sunlight → Heat →
Electricity: transfer the
heat from the solar thermal
collector to working
medium steam, then the
steam gas turbine engine
drive the electric generator
to generate electricity.
 (2) Sunlight → Electricity:
Due to the photovoltaic
effect, we may trans the
light to electric energy
directly.
 The Electricity may be used
for microwave, TV, radio,
telemetry, radio telephones
and industrial production.

18. BibliographyBibliography Wind Energy: http://www.clean-energy-
ideas.com/articles/advantages_and_disadvantages_of_wind
_energy.html
 Fossil Fuels:
http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fossil/advant.html
 Clean Coal Technology:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_t
he_disadvantages_of_using_clean_coal_technology
 Geothermal:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_and_
disadvantages_of_using_geothermal_energy
 Hydropower:
http://www.technologystudent.com/energy1/hydr2.htm
 Nuclear Energy:
http://gvctemp18.virtualclassroom.org/Nenergy/adva.htm
 http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/solarcells.htm
 http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/24339788.html?si=5
 Movie: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmWrGPKcMNM

19. Bibliography -Bibliography -
PicturesPictures
 Reach for sun: http://toolguy.com/solar-powered.jp
 wind energy: http://i.treehugger.com/images/2007-2-15/wind_turbine.jpg
 cleancoal: http://saferenvironment.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/cleancoal.jpg
 clean-coal: http://www.inkcinct.com.au/web/cartoons/2007/2007-119-clean-coal.jpg
 Schematic diagram: http://saferenvironment.wordpress.com/2009/02/02/solar-power-
%E2%80%93-sustainable-green-energy-to-protect-our-economy-and-environment/
 Geothermal Energy: http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/grossmaz/geowells.jpeg
 Fossil Fuels: http://www.globalwarmingimages.net/gallery/category_images/fossil_fuel.jpg
 wind energy2: http://cdn.content.compendiumblog.com/uploads/user/d741c03c-09e5-48e2-
8b62-05ae85ffc63d/5359811a-5863-4e70-a91a-
37d3f2c3b2dd/Image/31d231be57781b93a6cb4a9f760b0773.jpg
 geothermal-power-plant: http://www.treehugger.com/geothermal-power-plant-i01.jpg
 hydro power plant: http://www.emt-india.net/process/power_plants/img/hydro2.gif
 HydropowerLiujiaxiaGorge: http://ahoy.tk-
jk.net/RiverImages/HydropowerLiujiaxiaGorge.jpg
 nuclear power: http://www.oncor.com/images/knowledgecollege/h20.jpg
 nuclear energy: http://nl.toonpool.com/user/1223/files/nuclear_energy_149645.jpg
 Dish_Stirling_Systems_of_SBP_in_Spain:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Dish_Stirling_Systems_of_SBP_in_
Spain.JPG

20. Bibliography –Bibliography –
Pictures2Pictures2
 Solar_two:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/
Solar_two.jpg
 Solar_Evaporation_Ponds%2C_Atacama_Desert:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/
Solar_Evaporation_Ponds%2C_Atacama_Desert.jpg
 Array1: http://www.southernviewenergy.com/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2009/10/Array1.jpg
 solar_power_molten_salt:
http://greenernews.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/solar_p
ower_molten_salt.jpg