Energy Regulatory Commission Thailand : Energy-Related Policies and Activities Renewable energy and grid integration and energy transition in Thailand. IMPACT of Renewable Connection such as FULL GRID CONNECTION CAPACITIES, REVERSE POWER FLOWS, VOLTAGE CONTROL IN DISTRIBUTION GRID PROTECTION COORDINATION IN DISTRIBUTION GRID.

1. The Biogas Thailand Forum 2015
"Renewable Energy and Grid Integration / Energy transition"
25 November 2015 in Chiang Mai

2. Revise Connecting Code & Set up an inspection
and standard certification agent
IMPACT of Renewable Connection
Tasks -ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CONTENTS

3. Structure of Power Sector: Enhanced Single Buyer Model
IPP SPP VSPP Import
(34%) (12%) (4%) (7%)
EGAT
MEA PEA
(42%)
(100%)
(30%) (70%)
Generation
Capacity
(35,329 MW*)
Transmission
Network
(32,503 Circuit-km)
Distribution
& Retail
(168,650 GWh)
(20.5 Million Customers)
(99.8% access)
Private Power Producers
State Owned Enterprises (SOEs)
As of December 2013
* Contracted Capacity
EGAT
Voltage Level 500 kV 300 kV 230 kV 132 kV** 115 kV 69 kV Total
Transmission Line
(circuit-km)
4,167 23 14,505 9 13,780 19 32,503
Transmission Line Length by Voltage
** Thailand-Malaysia Transmission Line
Source: Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand 3
Network
System
Operator &
Single Buyer
IPPs = Independent Power Producers
(Capacity sold to EGAT > 90 MW)
SPPs = Small Power Producers
(Capacity sold to EGAT ≤ 90 MW)
VSPPs = Very Small Power Producers
(Capacity sold to MEA/PEA ≤10 MW)

4. Main
responsibilities
of ERC
Granting of license/and
develop operate
tracking scheme
Price regulation :
Fuel Adjustment Charge (FT)
and pipeline tariff
Regulating
competition
Assurance of sufficient
supply of energy
Promotion of participation of energy
consumers: to further develop rural
areas and communities
Organizational
Development
Engineering Standard for:
Regulations/Standardization,
Interoperability
Safety , Alleviate Environmental
impact for construction &
operation
ensure fair rates to
consumers
Settling disputes between
consumers and operators
Power Development Fund
and 13Regional Energy
Consumer Committee
4
Engineering standard for
supply and system
operation:
Access Code
Dispatching
Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC): Energy-Related Policies and Activities
seeks to create a new dialogue
between civil society and sector
actors: Representatives of
Government, Utilities, NGO
Ensure that all license
holders are capable of
financing the undertaking
of their licensed activities
Tasks -ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPTMENT
-Establishment of Technical Standards and Safety of the Energy Industry Operation.
-Review and Analysis of Efficiency of Power Plant Operating Data (Licensees proposed investments).
-Preparing Specific Requirements for Connection of Renewable Energy Power Systems (REPS).
-Supporting steering committee and working group for revision Grid Code Connecting Code and Distribution Code.

5. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 4 THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM AND THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM OPERATOR
(Section 79 – Section 88)
Section 81 A licensee who owns an energy network system must allow other licensees or energy industry operators to utilize or
connect to his system in accordance with terms stipulated and announced by the licensee who owns the energy network system.
The terms under paragraph one shall comprise term on connection of an energy network system, term on utilization of energy
network system facilities and term on energy network system operation, such terms shall be based on the following principles:
(1) They must not adversely affect security, safety and quality of energy system.
(2) They must not disadvantage energy consumers and the public.
(3) They must not discriminate or hinder other licensees or energy industry operators.
(4) The technical specifications at the end-use points or at the point of connection to an energy
network system must be clear, technically feasible and must not impose an undue burden on
the person who requests utilization of or connection to the energy network system.
(5) They must have a clear description of duty and responsibility of a person who requests utilization of and connection to an
energy network system and a person who allows utilization of or connection to the system.
(6) Any other characteristic as announced by the Commission.
The term under paragraphs one and two shall not cause a licensee who owns an energy network system to lose benefits or to be
at a disadvantage in

6. renewable energy
Status of renewable energy in Year 2014 compare with the target in
Alternative Energy Development Plan: AEDP of 20% for 20 years as follows
Year SOLAR WIND HYDRO MSW BIOMASS BIOGAS
ENERGY
CROPS
TOTAL
(MW)
2014 1,298.5 224.5 3,048.4 65.7 2,541.8 311.5 - 7,490.4
2036 6,000.0 3,002.0 3,282.4 500.0 5,570.0 600.0 680.0 19,634.4
REMARK: * INSTALLED CAPACITY
SOURCE: POWER DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2015
YEAR 2014 YEAR 2026 YEAR 2036
IMPORT 7 10 - 15 15 - 20
COAL AND LIGNITE 20 20 - 25 20 - 25
RE AND HYDRO POWER 8 10 – 20 15 - 20
NATURAL GAS 64 45 -50 30 - 40
NUCLEAR - - 0 -5
DIESEL/FUEL OIL 1 - -

7. Security Energy System & Reverse Power Flow from
RENEWABLE ENERGY
77

8. Reverse Power Flow can make Margin Reducing in
Transmission System, Contingency Reserves are
designed for only EMERGENCY CASE.
Otherwise, Reverse Power Flow can be cause reliability
reducing in the power system and might occur missing
N-1 Criterion and the black out.
SECURITY ENERGY SYSTEM
The N-1 Criterion
8

9. 22/33 kV
115 kV
.
./ .
Generator
Transmission LineTransmission Line
Length > 60 km.
RE
RE
RE
RE
RE
115 kV
22/33 kV
.
./ .
DS switch
Tie Feeder
ความมั่นคงระบบไฟฟ้ า
ระบบไฟฟ้ าไม่รองรับ N-1
เมื่อเกิดเหตุขัดข้องระบบไม่
รองรับ N-1
9
ศักยภาพของสายส่งลดลง เนื่องจาก RE
ที่ไหลย้อน
ระบบส่งไฟฟ้ าของประเทศไทยไม่ได้ถูกออกแบบมาเพื่อรองรับ Source จาก
Distribution Feeder

10. ค่าความสูญเสียของระบบไฟฟ้ า (Loss)
CASE STUDY RE 75% of each Transformer
Power Demand การเกิดไฟไหลย้อน (Reverse Power)
Load 100% Not Occur (Receive from
Transmission System)
Load 75% Not Occur
Load 50% Power Reverse Flow 12.5 MVA
เกิดไฟไหลย้อน 12.5 MVA
75% of Transformer 115/22-33 kV Size 50MVA = 37.5 MVA
10

11. IMPACT of Renewable Connection
IMPACT of Renewable Connection
• FULL GRID CONNECTION CAPACITIES
• REVERSE POWER FLOWS
• VOLTAGE CONTROL IN DISTRIBUTION
GRID
• PROTECTION COORDINATION IN
DISTRIBUTION GRID
Develop real time
data monitoring
forecast for
dispatchable VSPP
Use smart grid device &
equipment
(Move to smart grid)
Revise Connecting Code
Energy mix and Asset planning
Plan for using renewable energy
(Find exactly RE potential area)
Redesign power grid for
RE connection
(Expand grid to RE area)
Revise Power
Purchase
Agreement &
Contract
Feeder
Management
Centralized/Distributed
Operation Model and
business models
Balancing Technology in various
time ranges

12. IMPACT of Renewable Connection
Revise Connecting Code & Set up an inspection
and standard certification agent
A (Draft)Requirements on Power Network System Connection with Distribution Authority
(MEA/PEA) B.E. 2558 (Old B.E. 2551)
B Regulation for an Invertor Used in Grid – Connected Power Generating System
C Set up a license as an inspection and standard certification agent for equipment
connected to an energy network system
Section 76 Any person wishing to become an inspection and standard certification agent for equipment connected to an energy
network system shall have to acquire a license as an inspection and standard certification agent from the Commission.
Section 73 Standards of equipment used to connect an energy network system of a licensee who has its own system, including
methods of inspection and certification of inspection results, shall be in conformity with the regulations prescribed by the
Commission.
Regulations under paragraph one may require that certain types of equipment used to connect to an energy network system be
inspected and certified prior to their utilization in energy industry operation.
In preparation of regulations under paragraph one, a licensee who has an energy network system shall prepare the details for
consideration to the Commission.
Section 82 In the case where the Commission views that the term on connection of an energy network system, the term on utilization of
energy network system facilities and the term on energy network system operation do not comply with the principles under Section 81,
the Commission shall have the power to order the licensee who issues such terms to revise or improve the terms to comply with the
principles under Section 81.

13. Your personal experiences with renewable energy
Revise Connecting Code & Set up an inspection
and standard certification agent
A (Draft)Requirements on Power Network System Connection with Distribution Authority
(MEA/PEA) B.E. 2558 (Old B.E. 2551)
B Regulation for an Invertor Used in Grid – Connected Power Generating System
C Set up a license as an inspection and standard certification agent for equipment
connected to an energy network system
Different inverter testing procedures for MEA and PEA //Type testing for
selected inverter of a defined series to certify all inverters of the same series
//Routine testing for all applied inverters required //Confusion as to the
“official bodies” that are allowed to perform testing
Harmonize testing procedures between both authorities (PEA/MEA)
Limitation for grid connection capacity/Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition/Distribution Management System (DMS)/P.F. Control
/Dispatching for RE-VSPP/Voltage Control/Grid-connected Inverter/etc.

14. Your personal experiences with renewable energy
(Draft)Requirements on Power Network System Connection
with Distribution Authority
(MEA/PEA) B.E. 2558 (Old B.E. 2551)0
Regulation for an Invertor Used in Grid – Connected
Power Generating System

17. สำนักงำนคณะกรรมกำรกำกับกิจกำรพลังงำน
319 อำคำรจัตุรัสจำมจุรี ชั้น 19 ถนนพญำไท แขวงปทุมวัน เขตปทุมวัน กรุงเทพ 10330
โทร : 0-2207-3599
http://www.erc.or.th
THANK YOU
The Office of the Energy Regulatory Commission of Thailand (OERC)
Telephone 0-2207-3599
Facsimile 0-2207-3502
Website: www.erc.or.th

18. BACK UP

19. Back Up
Energy Industry Act 2007

20. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3
REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 3
ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARDS AND SAFETY OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 4
THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM AND THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM OPERATOR

21. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 3 ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARDS AND SAFETY OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
( Section 72 - Section 78 )
Section 72 Energy industry operation shall comply with engineering standards and shall ensure safety pursuant to the regulations
prescribed by the Commission which are as follows:
(1) shall not impose an undue burden on the licensees;
(2) shall not be so rigid that they would limit or hinder competition;
(3) shall not offer benefits to any particular licensee; and
(4) shall be transparent.
In the event that energy industry operation of a licensee fails to comply with the regulations under paragraph one, the
Commission shall have the authority to order the licensee to improve or to rectify the operation.

22. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 3 ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARDS AND SAFETY OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
( Section 72 - Section 78 )
Section 73 Standards of equipment used to connect an energynetwork system of a licensee who has its own system, including
methods of inspection and certification of inspection results, shall be in conformity with the regulations prescribed by the
Commission.
Regulations under paragraph one may require that certain types of equipment used to connect to an energy network system be
inspected and certified prior to their utilization in energy industry operation.
In preparation of regulations under paragraph one, a licensee who has an energy network system shall prepare the details for
consideration to the Commission.

23. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 3 ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARDS AND SAFETY OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
( Section 72 - Section 78 )
Section 74 A licensee shall have to maintain, repair and improve an energy network system, equipment or other devices used for
energy industry operation to ensure that their operating efficiency and standards comply with the regulations under Section 72,
paragraph one. In the case of any damage or breakdown, repair must be expeditiously taken to restore the operation.
Section 75 In establishing the standards under Section 72, paragraph one, and Section 73, paragraph one, the Commission may
refer to the standards prescribed by other agencies having authority and duties under the law on those respective matters.
Section 76 Any person wishing to become an inspection and standard certification agent for equipment connected to an energy
network system shall have to acquire a license as an inspection and standard certification agent from the Commission.
The qualifications of an applicant for a license to be an inspection and standard certification agenty, submission of application for
a license, issuance of a license, extension of a license, term of a license, fees for issuance and extension of a license, including fee
for the inspection and certification, shall be in conformity with the criteria, procedures and conditions prescribed by the
Commission.

24. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 3 ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARDS AND SAFETY OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
( Section 72 - Section 78 )
Section 77 The Commission shall have the authority to revoke a license for inspection and standard certification agent for equipment used to
connect an energy network system in the following cases:
(1) lack of qualifications as stipulated in the announcement issued under Section 76, paragraph two;
(2) dishonest inspection, reporting of inspection result, or certification of inspection results;
(3) delay in inspection, report of inspection results or certification of inspection results, with undue reasons, causing serious damage to a
person requesting inspection; or
(4) having inspectors whose qualifications do not meet standards or whose numbers are less than requirement as stipulated in the
announcement issued under Section 76, paragraph two.
Section 78 Revocation of a license for an inspection and standard certification agency under Section 77 shall not affect standard certification
undertaken by the agency prior to the revocation of the license except that the certification previously made was below the standards
specified by the Commission, in which case the Commission may consider ordering revocation of such certification.
In the case where any person is affected by damage from standard certification which is below standards and has been revoked under
paragraph one, the inspection and standard certification agency whose license is revoked shall be liable for the compensation for such
damages.

25. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 4 THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM AND THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM OPERATOR
(Section 79 – Section 88)
Section 79 A licensee who owns an energy network system shall carry out the operation in line with what is stipulated in the energy network
system expansion plan.
A licensee who owns an energy network system and is a government agency as determined by the Commission shall develop an energy
network system expansion plan and present it to the Minister for further submission to
the Cabinet for approval.
In considering of the energy network system expansion plan under paragraph two, the Commission shall provide comments on the subject. In
this regard, if the mentioned plan has significant impacts on general public, the Commission shall organize an opinion hearing process in
accordance with Section 26.
A licensee who owns an energy network system and is not a government agency under paragraph two shall develop an energy network
system expansion plan for submission to the Commission for approval in compliance with the scope and criteria specified by the Commission.
Section 80 A licensee who owns an energy network system shall carry out energy industry operation fairly without unjust discrimination.

26. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 4 THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM AND THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM OPERATOR
(Section 79 – Section 88)
Section 81 A licensee who owns an energy network system must allow other licensees or energy industry operators to utilize or
connect to his system in accordance with terms stipulated and announced by the licensee who owns the energy network system.
The terms under paragraph one shall comprise term on connection of an energy network system, term on utilization of energy
network system facilities and term on energy network system operation, such terms shall be based on the following principles:
(1) They must not adversely affect security, safety and quality of energy system.
(2) They must not disadvantage energy consumers and the public.
(3) They must not discriminate or hinder other licensees or energy industry operators.
(4) The technical specifications at the end-use points or at the point of connection to an energy network system must be clear,
technically feasible and must not impose an undue burden on the person who requests utilization of or connection to the energy
network system.
(5) They must have a clear description of duty and responsibility of a person who requests utilization of and connection to an
energy network system and a person who allows utilization of or connection to the system.
(6) Any other characteristic as announced by the Commission.
The term under paragraphs one and two shall not cause a licensee who owns an energy network system to lose benefits or to be
at a disadvantage in

27. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 4 THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM AND THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM OPERATOR
(Section 79 – Section 88)
Section 82 In the case where the Commission views that the term on connection of an energy network system, the term on utilization of
energy network system facilities and the term on energy network system operation do not comply with the principles under Section 81, the
Commission shall have the power to order the licensee who issues such terms to revise or improve the terms to comply with the principles
under Section 81.
Section 83 In the case where a licensee or an energy industry operator, wishing to utilize or connect an energy network system, views that
a term on connection of energy network system connection, term on utilization of energy network system facilities and term on energy
network system operation do not comply with the principles under Section 81, the licensee or the energy industry operator can make a
request to the Commission for consideration.
In the case where the Commission views that the terms do not comply with the principles under Section 81, the Commission shall have the
power to order the licensee who issues such terms to revise or improve the terms to comply with the principles under Section 81.
Section 84 In the case that a licensee who owns an energy network system refuses to allow utilization of or connection to his system, the
person who has been refused has the right to make a request to the Commission for consideration. When the Commission has made a
decision on the request under paragraph one hereof, the concerned parties shall abide by the decision.
Section 85 A licensee who owns an energy network system must provide a person who requests the utilization of or connection to his system
with accurate information necessary for utilization of or connection to the system. He shall not take any action that would disrupt the normal
utilization of and connection to an energy network system of other licensee or energy industry operator.

28. Energy Industry Act 2007
DIVISION 3 REGULATION OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OPERATION
PART 4 THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM AND THE ENERGY NETWORK SYSTEM OPERATOR
(Section 79 – Section 88)
Section 86 A licensee who owns an energy network system must disclose contracts, agreements, conditions and tariffs for the utilization of or
connection to his system, according to the criteria, procedures and conditions announced by the Commission.
Section 87 A licensee with an energy network system operator shall be responsible for control, management and overseeing of energy
system to ensure balance, security, stability, efficiency and reliability of overall system, and shall have authority and duties to execute other
tasks as specified by the Commission under conditions of the license issuance. The licensee with an electricity system operator shall order
licensees who operate electricity industry to generate electricity fairly without unjust discrimination.
Section 88 In the case that a person makes a complaint to the Commission that a licensee with an electricity system operator has breached
Section 87, paragraph two, the Commission shall make decision on the complaint within thirty days as from the date of receipt of written
complaint. In the case where the Commission considers that the licensee with the electricity system operator has breached Section 87,
paragraph two, causing damage to the complainant, the Commission shall preliminarily determine amount of compensation for such damage.