The document discusses religion and belief systems from an anthropological perspective. It defines religion as pertaining to supernatural beings and forces, with beliefs varying within and between cultures and changing over time. It provides examples of religious practices and beliefs from various cultures regarding the relationship between the spiritual and natural world. The document also outlines common features of religions such as scriptures, clergy, rules, and practices like worship, prayers and sacrifices. It notes there are over 4,200 religions worldwide and lists some of the major ones such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and others.
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to give an example of a belief system or a worldview and communicate his/her understanding of religion
Suitable for JC RE course. Full powerpoint for use with Chapter on World Religions: Christianity. Best used as a revision aid for 3rd years, as goes into more detail than needed for younger years.
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to give an example of a belief system or a worldview and communicate his/her understanding of religion
Suitable for JC RE course. Full powerpoint for use with Chapter on World Religions: Christianity. Best used as a revision aid for 3rd years, as goes into more detail than needed for younger years.
Main content17-1The Sociological Study of ReligionLO 1Define.docxendawalling
Main content
17-1The Sociological Study of Religion
LO 1
Definereligion and identify its key components.
What is religion? Religion is a social institution composed of a unified system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals—based on some sacred or supernatural realm—that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community. Based on this definition, religion is a stable institution that exists independently from individuals who attend religious services or officials (such as priests, pastors, or other clergy) in the administrative hierarchy. Religion is sometimes thought of as a platform for the expression of spirituality—the relationship between the individual and something larger than oneself, such as a broader sense of connection with the surrounding world. As such, spirituality involves the individual’s inner, subjective feelings and experiences rather than the act of giving devotion to external beliefs, rituals, and deities that are set forth in established creeds or religious communities.
In the final analysis, both religion and spirituality require that persons engage in a leap of faith—a confident belief that cannot be proven or disproven but is accepted as true. Religious beliefs require faith because religion provides answers for seemingly unanswerable questions that underlie human existence. According to the sociologist Peter Berger (1967), these questions are Who am I? Why am I here? How should I live? What happens when I die? Berger suggests that religion provides a system of meaning that connects people to society and provides them with a sense of purpose that transcends the ordinary realm of life (Figure 17.1). Consequently, religious beliefs bind people together and establish rites of passage through various stages of life, such as birth, marriage, and death. People with similar religious beliefs and practices gather together in a moral community (such as a church, mosque, temple, or synagogue), where they engage in religious beliefs and practices with similarly minded people.
Figure 17.1
Hanukkah, a major holiday in Judaism, provides worshippers with the opportunity to come together and worship their Creator and celebrate their community.
Noam Armonn/ Shutterstock.com
Given the diversity and complexity of contemporary religion, how is it possible for sociologists to study this social institution? Most sociologists studying religion are committed to the pursuit of “disinterested scholarship,” meaning that they do not seek to make value judgments about religious beliefs or to determine whether particular religious bodies are “right” or “wrong.” However, many acknowledge that it is impossible to completely rid themselves of those values and beliefs into which they were socialized.
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17-1aReligion and the Meaning of Life
Because religion seeks to answer important questions such as why we exist and why people suffer and die, Peter Berger (1967) referred to religion as a sacred canopy—.
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Religion is a social institution that answers questions and explains the seemingly inexplicable. Religion provides explanations for why things happen and demystifies the ideas of birth and death. Religions based on the belief in a single deity are monotheistic. Those that encompass many deities arepolytheistic.
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2. RELIGION
According to Anthropologists,
Religion is “a set of attitudes, beliefs
and practices, pertaining to supernatural
beings and forces. Such belief may vary
within a culture as well as among societies
and they may change over time”
(Ember, Ember and Peregrine, 2010)
3. Religious and Non-religious phenomena
Kikuyu of Kenya
Vomiting is a religious
practice as it eliminates all
the evil in a person's body.
In most societies
Vomiting is not
considered religious,
as it is understood as
typical biological
event.
4. Spiritual and natural world
Nyoro (Uganda)
Believe that two worlds
are not separate and
that they coexist in one
space.
Christians
Believe that there is
spiritual world
(Heaven/Hell) that is
separated from the natural
world (Earth).
5. Many religious posses:
-Holy scriptures
-Narratives or Sacred
accounts
=that aim to explain
the origin and meaning
of life and the universe
6. Many religions have:
-clergy
-rules on membership
-holy places
-religious rites
-visual symbols
-creeds
-doctrines
-mythology
-philosophical system
-organized religion
10. *4,200 religions in the world
*Major religions of the World
-Hinduism
-Buddhism
-Jainism
-Sikhism
-Taoism
-Shintoism
-Zoroatrianism
-Confucianism
-Judaism
-Islam
-Christianity
TRIVIA
11. are sets of principles that help
interpret natural and
supernatural occurences that
affect lives.
12. ANIMISM
IT BELIEVES THAT
THIS BELIEF
START THE
CONCEPT OF
RELIGION
“ANIMA”
SPIRIT
GOOD SPIRIT
BAD SPIRIT
B
E
L
I
E
F
NATURAL WORLD
-WHOLE
-IN PARTS
Georg Ernst Stahl
The soul is the vital principle
responsible for organic
development
“all regions,
from
simple to
complex,
involve some
form
of animism
13. The people of the Great Plains
- Plains Indian, who are the most member are the Native
Americans.
