The document explains the use of relative pronouns such as who, which, that, whose, where, when, and why, detailing their functions in defining and non-defining relative clauses. It outlines the rules for omitting relative pronouns in defining clauses and emphasizes the formality of language in different contexts. Additionally, it provides links for further practice on the topic.

2. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
• WHO refers to PEOPLE (a baker is a person who makes
bread)
• WHICH refers to OBJECTS (a pen is an object which is used
for writing)
• THAT refers to PEOPLE & OBJECTS (a baker is a
person that makes bread; a pen is an object that is used for
writing)
• WHOSE refers to POSSESSION (in Spanish "cuyo) (this is a
person whose house was destroyed by the earthquake)
• WHERE refers to PLACES (a bakery is the place where you
buy bread)
• WHEN refers to TIME (this is the day when I got married)
• WHY refers to REASONS (and this is the reason why I like
English)

3. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
• Son oraciones de relativo que añaden información esencial
sobre el antecedente
o This is the man WHO WON THE LOTTERY
o That is the bench WHERE I KISSED MY GIRLFRIEND
FOR THE FIRST TIME
• Si el pronombre relativo NO es el sujeto de la frase de
relativo se puede omitir
o The film (that) we like so much has won several awards
o The man (who) I met yesterday is my uncle

4. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
• Añaden información no necesaria o esencial sobre el
antecendente
o Mariano Rajoy, who is the President of Spain, met Angela
Merkel yesterday
o Madrid, which is the capital of Spain, is situated in the
centre of the country
• La oración de relativo va siempre entre comas
• No se puede usar el pronombre relativo that
• No se puede omitir el pronombre relativo (en ningún caso)

5. VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS
IN DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
• The music TO WHICH I am listening was composed by
Mozart (very formal use)
• The music (THAT) I am listening to was composed by
Mozart (informal use)
• The girl WITH WHOM I was dancing yesterday is my cousin
(formal use)
• The girl (WHO) I was dancing with yesterday is my cousin
(informal use)

6. VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS
IN NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
• The Spanish President, AT WHOM people were laughing, got
angry (formal use)
• The Spanish President, WHO people were laughing at, got
angry (informal use)
• The British history, IN WHICH I'm very interested, is very
complicated (formal use)
• The British history, WHICH I'm very interested in, is very
complicated (informal use)

7. EXERCISES
If you need more practice, you can try the following links
• Click here
• Click here
• Click here
• Click here
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